Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Article

Non-vaccination Against COVID-19 Among Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants Adults in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study, 2022: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):397-406. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.078

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated.
Conclusions
The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance.; Summary

Key Message
• Vaccination against COVID-19 is a strategy that should be provided equitably to the entire population. However, there are vulnerable groups such as Venezuelan migrants who have structural, cultural and socioeconomic barriers that limit access to this prevention system. • In Peru, about 6% of Venezuelan migrants have not received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19 due to the lack of employment in this population. In fact, the majority (61.9%) of Venezuelan migrants have only received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine by February 2022.

Special Article

Introduction of Vaccinomics to Develop Personalized Vaccines in Light of Changes in the Usage of Hantaan Virus Vaccine (Hantavax^®) in Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):277-280. Published online August 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.018

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea made an official announcement in March 2018 that the total number of inoculations of Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax^®) would change from 3 to 4. Some aspects of this decision remain controversial. Based on the characteristics of Hantaan virus (HTNV) and its role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, it might be difficult to develop an effective and safe HTNV vaccine through the isolate-inactivate-inject paradigm. With the development of high-throughput ‘omics’ technologies in the 21st century, vaccinomics has been introduced. While the goal of vaccinomics is to develop equations to describe and predict the immune response, it could also serve as a tool for developing new vaccine candidates and individualized approaches to vaccinology. Thus, the possibility of applying the innovative field of vaccinomics to develop a more effective and safer HTNV vaccine should be considered.

Summary

Korean summary
신증후출혈열 (Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)를 예방하기 위한 백신들이 여러 가지로 개발 중에 있지만, 한탄 바이러스 (Hantaan virus) 의 병원체 특성과 HFRS의 임상적 특성으로 효과적이고 안전한 백신 개발을 어렵게 하고 있다. 투여할 백신에 대한 ‘면역과정을 이해하고 백신효능을 예측하여’ 백신개발에 활용하는 백신체학의 적용을 적극 강구할 필요가 있다.

Citations

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The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2024; 229(1): 30. CrossRef
Zoonotic Hantaviridae with Global Public Health Significance
Rui-Xu Chen, Huan-Yu Gong, Xiu Wang, Ming-Hui Sun, Yu-Fei Ji, Su-Mei Tan, Ji-Ming Chen, Jian-Wei Shao, Ming Liao
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Original Articles

Vaccine Storage Practices and the Effects of Education in Some Private Medical Institutions: Saerom Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Ohyon Kim, Jeonggyeong Nam, Yeongsun Kim, Hyungrae Woo, Woojin Noh, Kyenam Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(2):78-89. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.2.78

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Although vaccination rates have increased, problems still remain in the storage and handling of vaccines. This study focused on inspecting actual vaccine storage status and awareness, and comparing them before and after education was provided.

Methods

In the primary inspection, a status survey checklist was completed by visual inspection. A questionnaire on the awareness of proper vaccine storage and handling was also administered to vaccine administrators in private medical institutions in 4 regions in Gyeongsangbuk-province. One-on-one education was then carried out, and our self-produced manual on safe vaccine storage and management methods was provided. In the secondary inspection, the investigators visited the same medical institutions and used the same questionnaire and checklist used during the primary inspection. The results before and after education were compared, by treating each appropriate answer as 1 point.

Results

The average checklists score was 9.74 (out of 15 points), which increased significantly after education was provided (by 0.84, p<0.001). The participants demonstrated improved practices in recording storage temperatures (p=0.016), storing vaccines in the center of the refrigerator (p=0.004), storing vaccines with other medication and non-medical items (p=0.031) after education. The average score calculated from the questionnaires was 10.48 (out of 14 points), which increased after education (by 1.03, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that vaccine storage practices and awareness are inadequate, but can be partially improved by providing relevant education. Repetitive education and policy-making are required to store vaccines safely because one-off education and unenforced guidelines offer limited efficacy.

Summary

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Impact of educational intervention on the best immunization practices among practicing health care professionals in a south Indian city
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Improving knowledge on vaccine storage management in general practices: Learning effectiveness of an online-based program
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Anika Thielmann, Marie-Therese Puth, Christine Kersting, Johannes Porz, Birgitta Weltermann, Sanjai Kumar
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Visual inspection of vaccine storage conditions in general practices: A study of 75 vaccine refrigerators
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Beth F. Hibbs, Elaine Miller, Jing Shi, Kamesha Smith, Paige Lewis, Tom T. Shimabukuro
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Frédéric Vangroenweghe
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Effectiveness of a web-based education program to improve vaccine storage conditions in primary care (Keep Cool): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Mathematical Modeling of the Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus and Evaluation of the Epidemic Response Strategies in the Republic of Korea.: Mina Suh, Jeehyun Lee, Hye Jin Chi, Young Keun Kim, Dae Yong Kang, Nam Wook Hur, Kyung Hwa Ha, Dong Han Lee, Chang Soo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(2):109-116.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.109

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has required decision-makers to act in the face of the substantial uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the potential impact of the pandemic response strategies in the Republic of Korea using a mathematical model. METHODS: We developed a deterministic model of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a structured population using the demographic data from the Korean population and the epidemiological feature of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. To estimate the parameter values for the deterministic model, we used the available data from the previous studies on pandemic influenza. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus such as school closure, mass vaccination (70% of population in 30 days), and a policy for anti-viral drug (treatment or prophylaxis) were applied to the deterministic model. RESULTS: The effect of two-week school closure on the attack rate was low regardless of the timing of the intervention. The earlier vaccination showed the effect of greater delays in reaching the peak of outbreaks. When it was no vaccination, vaccination at initiation of outbreak, vaccination 90 days after the initiation of outbreak and vaccination at the epidemic peak point, the total number of clinical cases for 400 days were 20.8 million, 4.4 million, 4.7 million and 12.6 million, respectively. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea delayed the peak of outbreaks (about 40 days) and decreased the number of cumulative clinical cases (8 million). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid vaccination was the most important factor to control the spread of pandemic influenza, and the response strategies of the Republic of Korea were shown to delay the spread of pandemic influenza in this deterministic model.

Summary

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Stochastic methods for epidemic models: An application to the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in Korea
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Schools’ Response to MERS(MERS-CoV) Outbreak: Schools’ Discretionary Response in Absence of Control Tower
In Sook Lee, Jae Hee Yoon, Eun Joo Hong, Chae Yoon Kim
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The Effects of School Closures on Influenza Outbreaks and Pandemics: Systematic Review of Simulation Studies
Charlotte Jackson, Punam Mangtani, Jeremy Hawker, Babatunde Olowokure, Emilia Vynnycky, Gerardo Chowell
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Uncertainty Quantification in Simulations of Epidemics Using Polynomial Chaos
F. Santonja, B. Chen-Charpentier
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
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Kyung Sun Park, Tae Sung Park, Jin Tae Suh, You Sun Nam, Mi Suk Lee, Hee Joo Lee
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English Abstract

The Current Trend of Avian Influenza Viruses in Bioinformatics Research.: Insung Ahn, Hyeon S Son; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):185-190.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.185

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Since the first human infection from avian influenza was reported in Hong Kong in 1997, many Asian countries have confirmed outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. In addition to Asian countries, the EU authorities also held an urgent meeting in February 2006 at which it was agreed that Europe could also become the next target for H5N1 avian influenza in the near future. In this paper, we provide the general and applicable information on the avian influenza in the bioinformatics field to assist future studies in preventive medicine. METHODS: We introduced some up-to-date analytical tools in bioinformatics research, and discussed the current trends of avian influenza outbreaks. Among the bioinformatics methods, we focused our interests on two topics: attern analysis using the secondary database of avian influenza, and structural analysis using the molecular dynamics simulations in vaccine design. RESULTS: Use of the public genome databases available in the bioinformatics field enabled intensive analysis of the genetic patterns. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations have also undergone remarkable development on the basis of the high performance supercomputing infrastructure these days. CONCLUSIONS: The bioinformatics techniques we introduced in this study may be useful in preventive medicine, especially in vaccine and drug discovery.

Summary

Citations

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Identification of novel conserved functional motifs across most Influenza A viral strains
Mahmoud ElHefnawi, Osama AlAidi, Nafisa Mohamed, Mona Kamar, Iman El-Azab, Suher Zada, Rania Siam
Virology Journal.2011;[Epub] CrossRef

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