- Measuring Workload of Home Visit Care Activities Using Relative Values.
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Seong Ok Han, Eun Cheol Park, Dae Ryong Kang, Im Ok Kang
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(5):331-338.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.5.331
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The purpose of this study was to measure the workload of home visit care activities and their relative values. This study examined also factors that affect the workload of home visit care activities. METHODS: The participants of this study were 126 homehelpers of 50 home visit care agencies at the 2nd Longterm Care Insurance Demonstration Project. The workload of home visit care activities was divided into total work and four dimensions ; physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time. Home visit care activities consisted of four categories with 24 items. We used magnitude estimation method to measure their relative values of the four dimensions. The participants answered the relative values of each activities based on the reference service. We used the activity for supporting their elderly's evacuation as the reference service. RESULTS: Most of the respondents were over 40 years old female. They consumed most their time supporting elderly's going out. They consumed their highest physical, mental efforts, and stress for activities of coping with emergency situation. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant relationships between workload and each dimensions. This study showed that all four dimensions are statistically significant predictors of workload of home visit care activities. Also, we found that the home-helper's career affects the workload of home visit care activities. CONCLUSIONS: The workload of home visit care activities could be explained by physical efforts, mental efforts, stress and time.
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- Estimating the Economic Burden of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture among Elderly Korean Women.
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Hye Young Kang, Dae Ryong Kang, Young Hwa Jang, Sung Eun Park, Won Jung Choi, Seong Hwan Moon, Kyu Hyun Yang
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(5):287-294.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.5.287
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Abstract
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To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. METHODS: From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women > or = 50 years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," Ysuch that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with > or = one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. RESULTS: During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - A Study of Prevalence and Awareness of Low Bone Density of Female Utilizing Dental Panoramic Radiographs
Sung Jin Kim, In-Ja Song, Eun Joo Lee, Suk-Ja Yoon
The Korean Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2024; 48(3): 23. CrossRef - A Review of Domestic and International Clinical Research Trends on Pharmacopuncture Treatment for Fractures
Hea Sun Chun
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine.2023; 37(6): 185. CrossRef - Absolute Bed Rest Duration of 3 Days for Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Sung Tan Cho, Seung Joo Kim, Bum Joon Nam, Kun Woo Kim, Gyu Hyeon Lee, Jin Hwan Kim
Asian Spine Journal.2022; 16(6): 898. CrossRef - Estimating the future clinical and economic benefits of improving osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment among women in South Korea: a simulation projection model from 2020 to 2040
Micah Jackson, Kyu Hyun Yang, Matthew Gitlin, Zachary Wessler
Archives of Osteoporosis.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Healthcare Resource Utilization and Direct Medical Costs for Patients With Osteoporotic Fractures in China
Jing Wu, Yi Qu, Ke Wang, Yu Chen
Value in Health Regional Issues.2019; 18: 106. CrossRef - A meta-analysis of breastfeeding and osteoporotic fracture risk in the females
X. Duan, J. Wang, X. Jiang
Osteoporosis International.2017; 28(2): 495. CrossRef - Economic Burden of Osteoporotic Fracture of the Elderly in South Korea: A National Survey
Jinhyun Kim, Eunhee Lee, Sungjae Kim, Tae Jin Lee
Value in Health Regional Issues.2016; 9: 36. CrossRef - Lifestyle and Genetic Predictors of Stiffness Index in Community-dwelling Elderly Korean Men and Women
Kyung-Ae Park, Yeon-Hwan Park, Min-Hee Suh, Smi Choi-Kwon
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 251. CrossRef - The Epidemiology and Importance of Osteoporotic Spinal Compression Fracture in South Korea
Hun-Kyu Shin, Jong-Hyon Park
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery.2015; 22(3): 99. CrossRef - The Socioeconomic Burden of Coronary Heart Disease in Korea
Hoo-Sun Chang, Han-Joong Kim, Chung-Mo Nam, Seung-Ji Lim, Young-Hwa Jang, Sera Kim, Hye-Young Kang
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2012; 45(5): 291. CrossRef - Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Osteoporosis in South Korea
Yong-Chan Ha
Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(1): 114. CrossRef - How Much Amount of Socioeconomic Loss Is Caused by Digestive Diseases?
Kyung Sik Park
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2011; 58(6): 297. CrossRef - Study of the Level of Osteoporosis Awareness among Women Dwelling in Urban Area
Miyoung Chung, Kyunghye Hwang, Euysoon Choi
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 362. CrossRef
- Determinants of Sterilization among Married Couples in Korea.
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Ju Hee Kim, Woojin Chung, Sunmi Lee, Moonhee Suh, Dae Ryong Kang
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(6):461-466.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.6.461
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The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of sterilization in South Korea. METHODS: This study was based on the data from the Korea National Fertility Survey carried out in the year 2000 by the Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs. The subjects of the analysis were 4,604 women and their husbands who were in their first marriage, in the age group of 15-49 years. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the woman's age and the number of total children increased the likelihood of sterilization. In addition, the year of marriage had a strong positive association with sterilization. Interestingly, the number of surviving sons tended to increase the likelihood of sterilization, whereas the woman's education level and age at the time of marriage showed a negative association with sterilization. Religion, place of residence, son preference, and the husband's education level, age and type of occupation were not significant determinants of sterilization. CONCLUSIONS: The sex of previous children and lower level of education are distinct determinants of sterilization among women in South Korea. More studies are needed in order to determine the associations between sterilization rate and decreased fertility.
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- Dipstick Urine Protein, as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in Korean Men: Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study.
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Kyoungsoo Ha, Hyeon Chang Kim, Dae Ryong Kang, Chung Mo Nam, Song Vogue Ahn, Il Suh
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(5):427-432.
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This study was to investigate if the dipstick proteinuria can predict cardiovascular mortality in a population of Korean men. METHODS: We measured urine protein and other cardiovascular risk factors in 100059 Korean men, aged between 35-59 years in 1990 and 1992. Levels of proteinuria measured by dipstick method were trace or less, 1+, 2+, and 3+ or greater. The primary outcomes were deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others in a 12 year follow-up from 1993 to 2004. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for cardiovascular death according to the level of proteinuria (1+, 2+, 3+ and more) in 1990 examination were 2.18 (1.36-3.48), 2.55 (1.37-4.78), and 4.57 (2.16-9.66) respectively. The corresponding relative risks according to the level of proteinuria in 1992 examination were 2.49 (1.71-3.64), 2.64 (1.53-4.58), and 2.78 (1.15-6.73). The relative risks for cardiovascular death of men with proteinuria (1+ or greater) once and twice among the examinations were 2.18 (1.63-2.92) and 3.75 (2.27-6.18), compared with men without proteinuria in 1990 and 1992 examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that dipstick proteinuria is associated with cardiovascular mortality in Korean men. Dipstick proteinuria could be a predictor for cardiovascular mortality.
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- Cost-of-illness Study of Asthma in Korea: Estimated from the Korea National Health Insurance Claims Database.
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Choon Seon Park, Hye Young Kang, Il Kwon, Dae Ryong Kang, Hye Young Jung
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(5):397-403.
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We estimated the asthma-related health care utilization and costs in Korea from the insurer's and societal perspective. METHODS: We extracted the insurance claims records from the Korea National Health Insurance claims database for determining the health care services provided to patients with asthma in 2003. Patients were defined as having asthma if they had > or =2 medical claims with diagnosis of asthma and they had been prescribed anti-asthma medicines. Annual claims records were aggeregated for each patient to produce patient-specific information on the total utilization and costs. The total asthma-related cost was the sum of the direct healthcare costs, the transportation costs for visits to healthcare providers and the patient's or caregivers' costs for the time spent on hospital or outpatient visits. RESULTS: A total of 699,603people were identified as asthma patients, yielding an asthma prevalence of 1.47%. Each asthma patient had 7.56 outpatient visits, 0.01 ED visits and 0.02 admissions per year to treat asthma.The per-capita insurance-covered costs increased with age, from 128,276 Won for children aged 1 to 14 years to 270,729 Won for those aged 75 or older. The total cost in the nation varied from 121,865 million to 174,949 million Won depending on the perspectives. From a societal perspective, direct healthcare costs accounted for 84.9%, transportation costs for 15.1% and time costs for 9.2% of the total costs. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations and ED visits represented only a small portion of the asthma-related costs. Most of the societal burden was attributed to direct medical expenditures, with outpatient visits and medications emerging as the single largest cost components.
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- A Study on Scheduling Periodic Examinations for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Korea.
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Seong Hwa Jeong, Dae Ryong Kang, Nam Wook Hur, Jinheum Kim, Soon Young Lee, Sang Hyuk Jung, Chung Mo Nam
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(4):346-352.
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The purposes of this study were to propose a screening schedule for the early detection of breast cancer among Korean women, as based on the statistical model, and to compare the efficacy of the proposed screening schedule with the current recommendations. METHODS: The development of the screening schedule for breast cancer closely followed the work of Lee and Zelen (1998). We calculated the age-specific breast cancer incidence rate from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (2003), and then we estimated the scheduling of periodic examinations for the early detection of breast cancer, using mammography, and based on the threshold method. The efficacy of the derived screening schedule was evaluated by the schedule sensitivity. RESULTS: For estimating the screening schedule threshold method, we set the threshold value as the probability of being in the preclinical stage at age 35, the sensitivity of mammography as 0.9 and the mean sojourn time in the preclinical stage as 4 years. This method generated 14 examinations within the age interval [40, 69] of 40.0, 41.3, 42.7, 44.1, 45.4, 46.7, 48.0, 49.3, 51.0, 53.2, 55.3, 57.1, 59.0 and 63.6 years, and the schedule sensitivity was 75.4%. The proposed screening schedule detected 85.2% (74.5/87.4) of the cases that could have been detected by annual screening, but it required only about 48.7% (14.0/30.0) of the total number of examinations. We also examined the threshold screening schedules for a range of sensitivities of mammography and the mean sojourn time in the preclinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed screening schedule for breast cancer with using the threshold method will be helpful to provide guidelines for a public health program for choosing an effective screening schedule for breast cancer among Korean women.
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- Kangwha Study Association Analysis of the Essential Hypertension Susceptibility Genes in Adolescents: Kangwha Study.
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Il Suh, Chung Mo Nam, Sung Joo Kim, Dong Jik Shin, Nam Wook Hur, Dae Ryong Kang
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(2):177-183.
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In this study we examined the association between the genetic markers ACE (A-240T, C-93T, I/D, A2350G), AGT (M235T), AT1R (A1166C), CYP11B2 (T-344C, V386A), REN (G2646A), ADRB2 (G46A, C79G, T-47C, T164I), GNB3 (C825T) and ADD1 (G460W) and the presence of essential hypertension in adolescents. METHODS: The Kangwha Study is an 18-year prospective study that is aimed at elucidating the determinants of the blood pressure level from childhood to early adulthood. For this study, we constructed a case-control dataset of size of 277 and 40 family trios data from the Kangwha Study. For this purpose, we perform a single locus-based case-control association study and a single locus-based TDT (transmission/disequilibrium test) study. RESULTS: In the case-control study, the single locus-based association study indicated that the ADD1 (G460W) (p=0.0403), AGT (M235T) (p=0.0002), and REN (G2646A) (p=0.0101) markers were significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. These results were not confirmed on the TDT study. This study showed that genetic polymorphisms of the ADD1, AGT and REN genes might be related to the hypertension in Korean adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided useful information on genetics markers related to blood pressure. Further study will be needed to confirm the effect of the alpha adducin gene, the angiotensinogen gene and the renin gene on essential hypertension.
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- Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Rate and Duration.
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Won Ju Hwang, Woo Jin Chung, Dae Ryong Kang, Moon Hee Suh
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(1):74-80.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the rate and duration of breastfeeding. METHODS: We analyzed the data from the year 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey that was collected through direct interviews. In particular, the mothers who delivered their last child and the child was under 1 year of age from January 1998 to June 2000 (N=1,066) were analyzed via a logistic model to assess the factors affecting the breastfeeding rate. Among the study subjects, those who had initiated breastfeeding (N=740) were analyzed through Cox's proportional hazard model to evaluate the factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic model showed that the delivery type and the baby's birth-weight have a statistically significant influence on the breastfeeding rate. Women who delivered their babies through Cesarean section were less likely than others to breastfeed. In contrast, the women whose babies weighed 2.5Kg or more were more likely than others to breastfeed. The results obtained from the survival analysis are as follows: the higher the mother's education level, the shorter is the breastfeeding duration. The mother's work status played a significant role in the early termination of breastfeeding. Women aged 35 or older showed a longer breastfeeding duration than the younger age groups, whereas the maternal age was not a significant factor in affecting whether or not a mother would breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the cases of operative delivery (Cesarean section) and low weight births, enlightening young and highly educated women on breastfeeding and improving the environment for breastfeeding on the job are important strategies to encourage women to breastfeed.
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- Statistical Algorithm in Genetic Linkage Based on Haplotypes.
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Jinheum Kim, Dae Ryong Kang, Yun Kyung Lee, Sun Mi Shin, Il Suh, Chung Mo Nam
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(4):366-372. Published online November 30, 2004
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This study was conducted to propose a new transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to test the linkage between genetic markers and diseasesusceptibility genes based on haplotypes. Simulation studies were performed to compare the proposed method with that of Zhao et al. in terms of type I error probability and powers. METHODS: We estimated the haplotype frequencies using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with parents' genotypes taken from a trio dataset, and then constructed a two-way contingency table containing estimated frequencies to all possible pairs of parents' haplotypes. We proposed a score test based on differences between column marginals and their corresponding row marginals. The test also involved a covariance structure of marginal differences and their variances. In simulation, we considered a coalescent model with three genetic markers of biallele to investigate the performance of the proposed test under six different configurations. RESULTS: The haplotype-based TDT statistics, our test and Zhao et al.'s test satisfied a type I error probability, but the TDT test based on single locus showed a conservative trend. As expected, the tests based on haplotypes also had better powers than those based on single locus. Our test and that of Zhao et al. were comparable in powers. CONCLUSION: We proposed a TDT statistic based on haplotypes and showed through simulations that our test was more powerful than the single locus-based test. We will extend our method to multiplex data with affected and/or unaffected sibling (s) or simplex data having only one parent's genotype.
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- Factors Associated with Hypertension Control and Antihypertensive Medication among Hypertensive Patients in a Community.
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Dong Han Lee, Youn Hee Choi, Kang Hee Lee, Dae Ryong Kang, Sun Ha Jee, Chung Mo Nam, Il Suh
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Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):289-297.
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The main objectives of this study are to identify the factors associated with hypertension control and to determine the influencing factors associated with antihypertensive therapy. METHODS: The study was conducted on 107 subjects who participated in the 1999 and 2002 Gwacheon Study and who had had uncontrolled hypertension (systolic > or=140 or diastolic > or= 90mmHg) in 1999. We compared the characteristics of the controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive group and investigated the characteristics of those taking antihypertensive medication. Univariate associations between hypertension control and its characteristics and the association between antihypertension treatment and its characteristics were tested with x2-test. We also performed logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The participants who had their blood pressure checked within 6 months before their first measurement and those who had taken the antihypertensive medication showed significantly better hypertension control during the follow-up. The multivariate analysis showed that baseline antihypertensive therapy was the most important determinant factor of hypertension control during the follow-up. Socioeconomic level and life style did not affect hypertension control when controlled by the treatment variable in this study. The factors associated with antihypertensive therapy at follow-up were previous antihypertensive therapy, old age, and high educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Those who received antihypertensive therapy and those who had their blood pressure re-checked within 6 months both showed well controlled hypertension. The subjects with high educational level complied well with the antihypertensive regimen, but those in their forties did not.
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