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Yeon Pyo Hong 10 Articles
Assessment of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure by Urinary Metabolites as a Function of Sampling Time.
Moon Seo Park, Yun Jung Yang, Yeon Pyo Hong, Sang Yon Kim, Yong Pil Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(4):301-308.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.4.301
  • 5,643 View
  • 103 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In most DEHP exposure assessment studies, single spot urine sample was used. It could not compare the exposure level among studies. Therefore, we are going to represent the necessity of selection of proper sampling time of spot urine for assessing the environmental DEHP exposure, and the association urinary DEHP metabolites with steroid hormones. METHODS: We collected urine and plasma from 25 men. The urine sampling times were at the end of the shift (post-shift) and the next morning before the beginning of the shift (pre-shift). Three metabolites of DEHP {mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [MEHP], mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate [MEHHP], and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate [MEOHP]} in urine were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. Plasma luteinzing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, and 17beta-estradiol were measured at pre-shift using a ELISA kit. A log-transformed creatinine-adjusted urinary MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP concentration were compared between the post- and pre-shift. The Pearson's correlation was calculated to assess the relationships between log-transformed urinary MEHP concentrations in pre-shift urine and hormone levels. RESULTS: The three urinary metabolite concentrations at post-shift were significantly higher than the concentrations in the pre-shift (p<0.0001). The plasma hormones were not significantly correlated with log-transformed creatinine - adjusted DEHP metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: To assess the environmental DEHP exposure, it is necessary to select the urine sampling time according to the study object. There were no correlation between the concentration of urinary DEHP metabolites and serum hormone levels.
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  • A Study of the Relationship between Phthalate Exposure and the Occurrence of Adult Asthma in Taiwan
    Tsai-Hui Duh, Chih-Jen Yang, Chien-Hung Lee, Ying-Chin Ko
    Molecules.2023; 28(13): 5230.     CrossRef
  • Effect of the phthalates exposure on sex steroid hormones in the US population
    Yuan-duo Zhu, Xu Han, Xin-qi Wang, Tan-xi Ge, Hang Liu, Lin Fan, Li Li, Li-qin Su, Xian-liang Wang
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2022; 231: 113203.     CrossRef
  • The Impairment of Thyroid Hormones Homeostasis after Short-Term Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Adolescent Male Rats
    Sang-Yon Kim, Yeon-Pyo Hong, Yun-Jung Yang
    Development & Reproduction.2021; 25(4): 293.     CrossRef
  • Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to phthalates: A systematic review
    Nadine Fréry, Tiina Santonen, Simo P. Porras, Aleksandra Fucic, Veruscka Leso, Radia Bousoumah, Radu Corneliu Duca, Mounia El Yamani, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Sophie Ndaw, Susana Viegas, Ivo Iavicoli
    International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2020; 229: 113548.     CrossRef
  • Phthalate exposure and male reproductive outcomes: A systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence
    Elizabeth G. Radke, Joseph M. Braun, John D. Meeker, Glinda S. Cooper
    Environment International.2018; 121: 764.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate Metabolites on Male Reproductive Function: a Systematic Review of Human Evidence
    Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Virissa Lenters, Aleksander Giwercman, Bo A.G. Jönsson, Gunnar Toft, Karin S. Hougaard, Jens Peter E. Bonde, Ina Olmer Specht
    Current Environmental Health Reports.2018; 5(1): 20.     CrossRef
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    Christiane Scheffler, Melanie Dammhahn
    American Journal of Human Biology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Serum Phthalate Levels and Time to Pregnancy in Couples from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine
    Ina Olmer Specht, Jens Peter Bonde, Gunnar Toft, Christian H. Lindh, Bo A. G. Jönsson, Kristian T. Jørgensen, Jodi Pawluski
    PLOS ONE.2015; 10(3): e0120070.     CrossRef
  • Associations between serum phthalates and biomarkers of reproductive function in 589 adult men
    Ina Olmer Specht, Gunnar Toft, Karin S. Hougaard, Christian H. Lindh, Virissa Lenters, Bo A.G. Jönsson, Dick Heederik, Aleksander Giwercman, Jens Peter E. Bonde
    Environment International.2014; 66: 146.     CrossRef
  • Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites as markers for blood transfusion in doping control: Intra‐individual variability of urinary concentrations
    E. Solymos, S. Guddat, H. Geyer, A. Thomas, M. Thevis, W. Schänzer
    Drug Testing and Analysis.2011; 3(11-12): 892.     CrossRef
  • Rapid determination of urinary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry as a marker for blood transfusion in sports drug testing
    E. Solymos, S. Guddat, H. Geyer, U. Flenker, A. Thomas, J. Segura, R. Ventura, P. Platen, M. Schulte-Mattler, M. Thevis, W. Schänzer
    Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.2011; 401(2): 517.     CrossRef
  • An estimate of phthalate exposure among term pregnant women living in Bucheon: The pilot study
    Tae-Hee Kim, Yeon-pyo Hong, Hae-Hyeog Lee, Soo-Ho Chung, Yun-jung Yang, Sang-yon Kim, Young Lim Kho, Jun-Mo Kim
    Korean Journal of Obstetrics.2011; 54(3): 140.     CrossRef
Acute Testis Toxicity of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Yun Jung Yang, Shin Young Lee, Kyung Yong Kim, Yeon Pyo Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(2):131-137.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.131
  • 6,235 View
  • 130 Download
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a liquid compound obtained by condensation of two molecules of epichlorohydrin with one molecule of bisphenol A. General and reproductive toxicity with BADGE has been reported higher than 1000 mg/kg/day. This study was performed to show the effects of acute exposure to BADGE below 1000 mg/kg/day on the testis in adult male rats. METHODS: BADGE was administered by gastric lavage in a single dose of 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in 8-week old male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats. The right testis was processed for light microscopic analysis. The left testis was homogenized and spermatids were counted to determine the daily sperm production and daily abnormal sperm production. The sperm count, sperm motility, and incidence of abnormal sperm were estimated in the epididymis. In testicular sections, the seminiferous tubules were observed for qualitative changes. The progression of spermatogenesis was arbitrarily classified as full-matured, maturing, and immature. The specimen slide was observed at 3 points and 10 seminiferous tubules were evaluated at each point. RESULTS: The male rats exposed to single oral dose of BADGE at 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day were significantly increased the number of immature and maturing sperm on the testis. There were no significant differences with respect to sperm head count, sperm motility, and sperm abnormality in the BADGE treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that single oral exposure of BADGE 750 mg/kg/day can affect adult male testis development.
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Citations

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  • Rats' testicular toxicity induced by bisphenol A is lessened by crocin via an antiapoptotic mechanism and bumped P-glycoprotein expression
    Hesham A. El-Beshbishy, Dania S. Waggas, Rabab A. Ali
    Toxicon.2024; 241: 107674.     CrossRef
  • Subacute exposure to bisphenol F diglycidyl‐ether induces chronic dermatitis characterized by psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice
    Kyoko Kitagawa, Eiji Shibata, Megumi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Harada, Kiyoshi Yoshino, Toshihide Iwashita, Masanobu Oshima, Mayumi Tsuji
    Genes to Cells.2023; 28(1): 42.     CrossRef
  • N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Ameliorates BPAF-Induced Porcine Sertoli Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via Inhibiting the ROS Level
    Yue Feng, Junjing Wu, Runyu Lei, Yu Zhang, Mu Qiao, Jiawei Zhou, Zhong Xu, Zipeng Li, Hua Sun, Xianwen Peng, Shuqi Mei
    Toxics.2023; 11(11): 923.     CrossRef
  • A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE
    Dongqi Wang, Haoduo Zhao, Xunchang Fei, Shane Allen Synder, Mingliang Fang, Min Liu
    Environment International.2021; 155: 106701.     CrossRef
  • Impact of phthalates and bisphenols plasticizers on haemocyte immune function of aquatic invertebrates: A review on physiological, biochemical, and genomic aspects
    Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves, Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela, Caterina Faggio
    Journal of Hazardous Materials.2021; 419: 126426.     CrossRef
  • Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice
    Alberto Ruiz Priego, Emilio González Parra, Sebastián Mas, José Luis Morgado-Pascual, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Sandra Rayego-Mateos
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(13): 7189.     CrossRef
  • Substitution of bisphenol A: a review of the carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption potential of alternative substances
    Shalenie P. den Braver-Sewradj, Rob van Spronsen, Ellen V. S. Hessel
    Critical Reviews in Toxicology.2020; 50(2): 128.     CrossRef
  • Importancia del bisfenol A, una toxina urémica de origen exógeno, en el paciente en hemodiálisis
    Sebastián Mas, Jesús Egido, Emilio González-Parra
    Nefrología.2017; 37(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • The importance of bisphenol A, an uraemic toxin from exogenous sources, in haemodialysis patients
    Sebastián Mas, Jesús Egido, Emilio González-Parra
    Nefrología (English Edition).2017; 37(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • Maternal Transfer of Bisphenol A During Nursing Causes Sperm Impairment in Male Offspring
    Ana Cristina Kalb, Ana Luiza Kalb, Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso, Cristina Gevehr Fernandes, Carine Dahl Corcini, Antonio Sergio Varela Junior, Pablo Elías Martínez
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.2016; 70(4): 793.     CrossRef
  • Occurrence of phthalate diesters (phthalates), p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and their derivatives in indoor dust from Vietnam: Implications for exposure
    Tri Manh Tran, Tu Binh Minh, Taha A. Kumosani, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Chemosphere.2016; 144: 1553.     CrossRef
  • Novel Finding of Widespread Occurrence and Accumulation of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ethers (BADGEs) and Novolac Glycidyl Ethers (NOGEs) in Marine Mammals from the United States Coastal Waters
    Jingchuan Xue, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Environmental Science & Technology.2016; 50(4): 1703.     CrossRef
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    Enrique Bosch-Panadero, Sebastian Mas, Didier Sanchez-Ospina, Vanesa Camarero, Maria V. Pérez-Gómez, Isabel Saez-Calero, Pedro Abaigar, Alberto Ortiz, Jesus Egido, Emilio González-Parra
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.2016; 27(5): 1566.     CrossRef
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    Ianina Hutler Wolkowicz, Gabriela V. Svartz, Carolina M. Aronzon, Christina Pérez Coll
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.2016; 35(12): 3031.     CrossRef
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    Lei Wang, Jingchuan Xue, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Environmental Science & Technology.2015; 49(5): 3150.     CrossRef
  • Distribution of serum bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its metabolite in Korean adult men and its association with reproductive hormone levels
    Sang-il Kim, Yun-jung Yang, Yeon-pyo Hong, Soon-Chul Myung, Sae-Chul Kim
    Molecular & Cellular Toxicology.2015; 11(1): 71.     CrossRef
  • Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), benzophenone type-UV filters, triclosan, and triclocarban in human urine from Athens, Greece
    Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Science of The Total Environment.2014; 470-471: 1243.     CrossRef
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    Emilio González-Parra, Jose Antonio Herrero, Usama Elewa, Ricardo J. Bosch, Alberto Ortiz Arduán, Jesus Egido
    International Journal of Nephrology.2013; 2013: 1.     CrossRef
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    Hesham A El-Beshbishy, Hamdy A A Aly, Mostafa El-Shafey
    Toxicology and Industrial Health.2013; 29(10): 875.     CrossRef
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    Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska, Anna Lankoff, Małgorzata Dobrzyńska, Christine Instanes, Gunnar Brunborg, Aneta Gajowik, Joanna Radzikowska, Maria Wojewódzka, Marcin Kruszewski
    Toxicology Letters.2012; 214(3): 251.     CrossRef
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    Lei Wang, Yinghong Wu, Wei Zhang, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Environmental Science & Technology.2012; 46(23): 12968.     CrossRef
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    Shireen A. Mazroa
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Determination of Appropriate Sampling Time for Job Stress Assessment: the Salivary Chromogranin A and Cortisol in Adult Females.
Ran Hi Hong, Yun Jung Yang, Sang Yon Kim, Won Young Lee, Yeon Pyo Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(4):231-236.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.4.231
  • 5,987 View
  • 173 Download
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to determine the appropriate sampling time of the salivary stress markers, chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as objective indices of job stress assessment in adult females. METHODS: The subjects were 20~39-year-old women (13 office workers, 11 sales-service workers, and 11 college students) who were eligible for the study and free of acute and chronic medical conditions. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Saliva samples were collected (2ml each) at 7:00, 8:00, 10:30, 12:00, 17:30, and 22:30 on a typical day. Salivary CgA and cortisol levels, according to sampling time, were compared among the three groups using general linear model. The full version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), which includes socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, work-related characteristics, and BMI, was used to access the subjects' job stress. Multiple regression analysis of the job stressors identified by the KOSS was performed on salivary CgA and cortisol levels. RESULTS: The salivary CgA level peaked at 7:00 (time of awakening), then decreased and were maintained at a low level throughout the day, and increased slightly at 17:30. The salivary cortisol level increased steeply within the 1st hour after awakening, followed by a gradual decrease by 12:00, and was then maintained at a low level throughout the day. The salivary cortisol levels of subjects who worked < or =5 days per week and graduated from the university were significantly lower at 8:00 (p=0.006). The salivary cortisol levels of non-smokers were significantly lower at 7:00 (p=0.040) and 8:00 (p=0.003) compared to smokers. There were no significant differences in salivary CgA and cortisol levels at 10:30 and 12:00 in general characteristics. The regression coefficients on salivary CgA level were significant with interpersonal conflict at 17:30 and job insecurity at 22:30. Regression coefficients on salivary cortisol level were significant with organizational system and total job stressors at 17:30. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the appropriate sampling times for the salivary stress markers, CgA and cortisol, are at 7:00 (time of awakening), 8:00 (1 hour after awakening), 17:30 (early evening), and 22:30 (before sleep).
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    Hiroaki Tsubouchi, Yuichiro Nakai, Masahiro Toda, Kanehisa Morimoto, Yang Sil Chang, Norichika Ushioda, Shoji Kaku, Takafumi Nakamura, Tadashi Kimura, Koichiro Shimoya
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Developmental Toxicity by Exposure to Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether during Gestation and Lactation Period in Sprague-dawley Male Rats.
Un jun Hyoung, Yun Jung Yang, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyoung Yoo, Soon Chul Myoung, Sae Chul Kim, Yeon Pyo Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):155-161.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.155
  • 6,111 View
  • 102 Download
  • 33 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. This study was performed to show the developmental effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures to BADGE in male rat offspring. METHODS: Mated female rats were divided into four groups, each containing 12 rats. The dosing solutions were prepared by thoroughly mixing BADGE in corn oil at the 0, 375, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg/day concentrations. Mated females were dosed once daily by oral gavage on gestation day (GD) 6 - 20 and postnatal day (PND) 0 - 21. Pregnant female dams were observed general symptoms and body weight. Also, male pups were observed the general symptoms, body weight, developmental parameters (e.g. anogenital distance, pina detachment, incisor eruption, nipple retention, eye opening, testis descent), organ pathologic changes and hormone levels of plasma. RESULTS: Pregnant rats treated with BADGE died at a rate of about 70% in the 1500 mg/kg/day group and all rats treated with 3000 mg/kg/day died. Body weight, for male pups treated with doses of 375 mg/kg/day, was significantly lower than in the control group at PND 42, 56, and 63 (p<0.05). Evaluation of body characteristics including; separation of auricle, eruption of incisor, separation of eyelid, nipple retention, descent of testis, and separation of the prepuce in the BADGE treated group showed no difference in comparisons with the control group. AGD and adjusted AGD (mm/kg) for general developmental items in BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated pups tended to be longer than in controls, however, these differences were not statistically significant. Relative weights of adrenal gland, lung (p<0.05), brain, epididymis, prostate, and testis (p<0.01) were heavier than in control in measures at PND 9 weeks. There were no significant changes in comparisons of histological findings of these organs. Loss of spermatids was observed in the seminiferous tubule at PND 9 weeks, but no weight changes were observed. The plasma estrogen levels were similar in the control and treatment groups at PND 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The plasma testosterone levels in the control group tended to increase with age. However, in the BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated male pups it did not tend to increase. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that BADGE is a chemical that has developmental effects consistent with it being an endocrine disruptor.
Summary

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    Environmental Research.2018; 162: 35.     CrossRef
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The Protective Effects of Garlic against Carbon tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity.
Byung Sun Choi, Jong Moon Lee, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong
Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):221-228.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to find the protective effects of garlic on the halogenated hydrocarbon induced hepatotoxicities, and the possible protection mechanisms involved. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received garlic (0.5 %) or regular diet, for 4 weeks. This was followed by a single dose of corn oil (the controls), carbon tetrachloride (400mg/kg body weight) and trichloroethylene (2,000mg/kg body weight) being administered to each diet group. Blood samples were collected 24 hours following the administration, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities measured. The liver samples were studied for their cytochrome P450 and CYP2E1 contents, lipid peroxidation and histopathology. RESULTS: The results for the group receiving the 0.5 % garlic diet showed a slight decrease of CYP2E1 expression compared with the regular diet group. Carbon tetrachloride was significantly decreased the CYP2E1 contents in both the regular and garlic diet groups, but the trichloroethylene remained unchanged. Garlic did not decrease the lipid peroxidation of the liver in the control group, but attenuated the increase of lipid peroxidation caused by carbon tetrachloride. Garlic attenuated the increase of both the serum AST and ALT activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. The histopathological observations also showed that garlic attenuated centrilobular necrosis and vacuolar degenerative changes significantly in the carbon tetrachloride treated group. Conclusions : The results indicate that garlic attenuates the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, through the prevention of the metabolic activation and lipid peroxidation.
Summary
The Influence of Smoking and Alcohol Intake on Copper, Zinc, and Nitric Oxide Concentration in Serum.
Yeon Pyo Hong, Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duci Park, Im Won Chang
Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(2):265-274.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
To investigate the change of nitric oxide(No), copper, and zinc in serum on smoking and alcohol ingestion in young adults, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 127 healthy, men in Korea who had HBsAg(-), HCVAb(-), and no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, chronic diseases, and inflammatory sign(lower than 10,000 white blood cell count in CBC). At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of NO, copper, and zinc. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, alcohol intake and present and past medical history. NO was analyzed by HPLC(Green et al., 1982), copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer with air-acetylene flame and total cholesterol(TC) by Spectrum EPX. smoking(number of cigarettes per day and pack-year) and alcohol intake was grouped tertile. Copper was adjusted for age and zinc and for age and TC. NO, copper, and zinc on smoking and alcohol ingestion were analyzed in general linear models, respectively. NO, copper and zinc in serum did not show statistical differences between non-smoking and high-smoking group and no-alcohol intake and high-alcohol intake group. This study, suggested that copper, zinc, and NO was not good biological marker for early effect by smoking and alcohol intake in young adults. However, selection bias should be Considered in evaluation of this result. A large prospective study, will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc, and NO as a marker for risk fictors and early change of atherosclerosis.
Summary
Normal Predicted Values of Pulmonary Function of the Primary School Children in Rural Area and Sensitive Index of Respiratory Symptoms.
Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang
Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(3):690-705.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 815 healthy primary school children (390 males and 425 female) in rural area using Collins Survey Spirometer (warren E. collins, Inc, U. S. A.) with X-Y Recorder. Respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, sore throat, chest pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, coryza) were surveyed by the interviews. Multiple regression analysis and regression diagnostics were done for prediction equations of FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% . FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% values in 3 groups of children classified by the number of symptom were compared each other through standard variable value. FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% showed highly significant correlation with age, height and weight. Prediction equations for FVC, FEV1, PEER, FEF25-75% are functions of height only in both male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old. PEFR showed a significant difference related with the number of symptom in female. These results suggest that the PEFR is sensitive PFT parameter in this study.
Summary
Induction Of Metallothionein And Toxicity In Acute Cadmium Intoxicated Rat.
Kyung Joon Min, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang
Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(2):231-250.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Summary
Dustfalls and Various Ion Concentrations in Their Filtrates in an Urban and in a Rural Districts.
Yeon Pyo Hong
Korean J Prev Med. 1985;18(1):59-72.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
During a period from February 1st to November 30th in 1983, measurements were made twice a month on dustfalls and concentrations of various cations and anions in their filtrates in an urban (Heuksuk-dong, Seoul) and in a rural (Ansung) districts. Standard British Deposit Gauge method was applied for collection of dustfalls and ion chromatographic method using Ion Chromatograph 10 (Dionex, U.S.A.) for determination of cation and anion concentrations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Annual mean values of dustfalls were 8.30+/-5.09 tons/km2/month in an urban and 6.20+/-0.82 tons/km2/month in a rural districts. And annual mean values of pH of filtrates of the collected samples were 5.3+/-0.76 in an urban and 6.0+/-0.82 in a rural districts. 2. Annual mean concentrations of common cations and anions in their filtrates were as follows: Some of anions such as Br-, PO4-3 and NO2 were scarcely detected and F was measured at very low concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm in Feb., Oct. and Nov. in an urban and in Feb. in a rural districts. 3. By two-way analysis of variance with 4 replications for dustfalls, pH and concentrations of various ion by district and month of a year, statistically significant differences were noted in dustfalls (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01) and concentrations of various ion (p<0.01) by month of a year, and in dustfalls (p<0.05) and concentrations of various ion such as NH4, Ca, NO3 and SO4 (p<0.01) by district. 4. There were statistically significant differences pH in Spring (Feb., Mar. and Apr.) (p<0.01) and in SO4 in Autumn (Aug., Sept., Oct. and Nov.) (p<0.05) between the two districts.
Summary
Evaluation of Energy Cost in Terms of Oxygen Uptake by Measuring Heart Rate During Tennis Games.
Byung Hee Cho, Kyou Chull Chung, Yeon Pyo Hong
Korean J Prev Med. 1984;17(1):289-294.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The energy expended while playing tennis was determined from the players heart rate and from the amount of oxygen they consumed. This study was made using eight healthy but unathletic male college students. Expired air was collected for 2 minute periods during each game by the Douglas bag method. Samples were collected when serving and receiving. The air collected was measured using a wet test gas meter. The amount of air collected was expressed in STPD. Oxygen consumption was determined by measuring the oxygen content of the expired air with a Orzat gas analyzer. The energy expended during the tennis games was calculated indirectly. The caloric coefficient of oxygen was multiplied by the volume of oxygen consumed. The caloric coefficient of oxygen varied from 4.6 to 5.1 kcal/liter of oxygen. In this study the value of 5 kcal/liter of oxygen was used in the calculations. The accuracy of the measurements of energy expended was tested using regression analysis of the measured volume of oxygen. The mean values of heart rate, oxygen consumed and energy expended did not vary when the activity of serving and receiving was compared. The mean value of oxygen consumed during play was 1.4329+/-282 ml/min or 21.6+/-4.0 ml/kg/min. The energy expended was 7.15+/-1.46 kcal/min or 6.45+/-1.23 kcal/kg/min. The values were equivalent to 5.5 mets. When the levels of oxygen consumed were estimated using the formulas, they were found to be higher than the measured levels. The estimated amounts, however, were within 25% of the measured amounts.
Summary

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