KSPM
Search
- Page Path
- HOME > Search
Original Article
- Exposure of Volunteer Traffic Assistants to PM2.5 From Transportation in Indonesia: An Environmental Health Risk Analysis
- Iwan Suryadi, Juherah Juherah, Siti Rachmawati, Nurlaila Fitriani, Muhammad Kahfi, Syahrul Basri
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):379-387. Published online February 25, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.004
- 6,723 View
- 388 Download
- 1 Crossref
-
Abstract
Summary
PDF - Objectives
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) from motor vehicle emissions has increased air pollution, negatively affecting both the environment and human health. This study aims to evaluate the concentration of fine particulate matter, assess associated health risks, and simulate the spatial distribution of PM2.5.
Methods
PM2.5 samples were collected from 36 key congestion points along the main roads of Makassar City. Measurements were taken for one hour during the morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to estimate non-carcinogenic health risks. A total of 175 volunteer traffic assistants participated in the study. Spatial analysis was performed using the kriging method.
Results
The highest recorded PM2.5 concentration was 65 µg/m3 on Hertasning Street, while the lowest was 2 µg/m3 on AP Pettarani Street. The average concentration across all locations was 23.20 µg/m3. Although PM2.5 levels remained below Indonesia’s regulatory limit of 65 µg/m3, they exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 15 µg/m3. The highest HQ value was 12.94, and the lowest was 0.22. The spatial analysis showed a direct correlation between higher pollutant concentrations and congested areas.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the HQ for PM2.5 exceeds the acceptable standard (HQ>1), signifying a health risk that increases with frequent exposure. Effective air quality management strategies—including the use of masks, promotion of green transportation, and expansion of green open spaces—are essential to reduce pollutants and minimize health risks, especially for individuals with regular exposure. -
SummaryKey Message
This study evaluates the exposure of volunteer traffic assistants to PM2.5 pollution from transportation in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting significant health risks. PM2.5 concentrations in high-traffic areas exceed WHO guidelines, leading to increased risks of respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and neurological disorders. The research underscores the importance of air pollution control measures, such as adopting cleaner transportation, increasing green spaces, and promoting public awareness. Effective strategies are crucial to preserving quality of life, protecting heart health, and reducing long-term health impacts, particularly for individuals regularly exposed to high levels of urban pollution.Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Management of Urban Air Quality: Evaluating the Sequestration Potential of Green Infrastructure Against Domestic Transportation Emissions
Muhammad Mahfuzh Huda, Susana Elmira Uba Lamadoken, Wahyu Atiq Widiantoro, Dwi Fitrianingsih, Raely Harza Wiltianza Wiltianza
Industrial and Domestic Waste Management.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
First
Prev
