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Original Article
Asthma Exacerbation in Indonesia: Analysis of Mental, Socio-demographic, Behavioral, and Biological Risk Factors Using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research
Siti Isfandari, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Miharja
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):250-259.   Published online May 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.719
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  • 501 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbations impacting quality of life. Although risk factors for asthma exacerbation (AE) have been identified, data specific to Indonesia remain scarce. We investigated risk factors for AE among Indonesian adolescents and adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 National Health Survey was conducted, including Indonesian participants aged 15 and older with diagnosed asthma. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for AE.
Results
A total respondents aged 15 years or older were 706 689 participants. The prevalence of asthma was 2.6% (18 574 participants). Among individuals with asthma, 59.7% experienced exacerbation, and 21.4% reported symptoms indicating emotional distress (ED). Both ED and diagnosed heart disease (DHD) were linked to increased odds of AE, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.37) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38), respectively. Being diagnosed with asthma at age 15 or older was associated with an aOR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.45 to 1.66). Those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) also faced comparatively high risk (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52). In contrast, physical activity was inversely related to AE (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81).
Conclusions
ED, DHD, lower SES, and later-onset asthma were identified as significant risk factors for AE. This underscores the need for comprehensive asthma management strategies that prioritize mental health, cardiovascular health, and early intervention. Addressing these factors could substantially reduce the burden of AE in Indonesia. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the causal relationships involved and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.
Summary
Key Message
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbation impacting individual quality of life. Emotional distress, diagnosed heart disease, asthma diagnosis after the age of 15 years, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation, while physical activity was not. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health comorbidities, encouraging physical activity, and considering socioeconomic disparities when developing asthma management strategies. Educating patients about asthma and its triggers can reduce exacerbations and improve disease control. Since asthma severity differs across individuals and age groups, clinicians must regularly monitor patients and adjust treatment as needed.
Perspective
Almost 80 Years After Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Are World Governments and Healthcare Systems Ready for a Nuclear War?
Céleo Ramírez, Reyna M. Durón
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):227-229.   Published online December 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.577
  • 5,547 View
  • 452 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Since the detonation of the first atomic bomb during World War II, geopolitical issues and armed conflicts have reminded us of the threat posed by nuclear weapons in the short, medium, and long term. The potential consequences include millions of deaths and severe injuries from blast, heat, and acute ionizing radiation. Whatever the country, in the post-acute stage of a nuclear attack, the first challenge for health and rescue personnel will be gaining access to affected populations amidst destroyed infrastructure, hazardous radioactivity, and limited health facilities and medical supplies. Subsequently, the focus will shift to providing timely and appropriate treatment for survivors, addressing environmental damage, and combating malnutrition. Beyond the immediate human toll, the destruction of city infrastructure and the loss of centuries of cultural heritage are also at stake. Governments and health systems must prepare for these scenarios, although any medical or mitigation response may prove inadequate to halt the devastating impact of a failed disarmament or nuclear non-proliferation treaty. Scientists should raise awareness about the dire consequences of nuclear warfare and the realities of a post-nuclear era.
Summary
Key Message
A nuclear war would pose severe immediate and long-term consequences, including mass casualties, radiation exposure, and the collapse of infrastructure. In the aftermath, health systems will face immense challenges in providing care and addressing environmental damage. Governments and scientists must raise awareness about the catastrophic impact of nuclear warfare and the urgent need for effective disarmament, non-proliferation treaties, and peace efforts.
Original Articles
Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):156-166.   Published online November 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415
  • 7,100 View
  • 587 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.
Results
Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 µg/g to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.
Conclusions
Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.
Summary
Key Message
- Pb and Cd level was not significant difference between e-waste workers and community-dwelling adults. - Pb and Cd can adversely affect symptoms in the MSD and PSQ affects the CNS in e-waste workers. - E-waste workers had a higher chance of having musculoskeletal disorder, central nervous system disorder, and skin disorder problems than community-dwelling adults but a lower chance of having depression and anxiety than community-dwelling adults.
Validation of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale for Vulnerable Communities in Vietnam’s Coastal Regions
Thanh Gia Nguyen, Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Dinh Duong Le
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):279-287.   Published online April 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.110
  • 10,519 View
  • 415 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study validated the Vietnamese version of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS) for use in vulnerable communities in Vietnam.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving 595 adults from 2 identified communities. The original DARS assessment tool was translated, and the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of DARS (V-DARS) were assessed. The internal consistency of the overall scale and its subscales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega reliability coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate its construct validity, building upon the factor structure identified in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was assessed based on convergent and discriminant validity.
Results
Following the established criteria for EFA, 8 items were removed, resulting in a refined V-DARS structure comprising 35 items distributed across 5 distinct factors. Both alpha and omega reliability coefficients indicated strong internal consistency for the overall scale (α=0.963, ω=0.963) and for each of the 5 sub-scales (all>0.80). The CFA model also retained the 5-factor structure with 35 items. The model fit indices showed acceptable values (RMSEA: 0.072; CFI: 0.912; TLI: 0.904; chi-square test: <0.01). Additionally, the convergent and discriminant validity of the V-DARS were deemed appropriate and satisfactory for explaining the measurement structure.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the V-DARS is a valid and reliable scale for use within vulnerable communities in Vietnam to assess adaptive responses to natural disasters. It may also be considered for use in other populations.
Summary
Key Message
The current study is one of the few that addresses the need to develop valid and reliable tools for disaster adaptation and resilience, particularly in the poorest and most vulnerable communities affected by natural events. These findings provide evidence supporting the development of community-based interventions for disaster preparedness and response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development and Cross‐Cultural Validation of the Vietnamese Version of the Disaster Prevention Consciousness Scale: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Naomi Akiyama, HaAnh Nguyen, Kan Shimazaki, PHAM Hong Ha, Shihoko Kajiwara
    Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Untangling the interplay of leadership effectiveness and cultural typologies in enhancing risk management practices in public education
    Naomi C. Tanquezon, Mitchee A. Cabahug, Ana Margarita J. Lamoste, Ma. Christina A. Lagunzad, Jacque Lynn B. Amora
    Frontiers in Education.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enhancing gender-responsive resilience: The critical role of women in disaster risk reduction in Oman
    Suliman Abdalla, Elnazir Ramadan, Wafa Al Mamari
    Progress in Disaster Science.2024; 24: 100376.     CrossRef
Prevalence and Determinants of Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures in Iran From 2013 to 2019
Abdoreza mousavi, Farhad lotfi, Samira Alipour, Aliakbar Fazaeli, Mohsen Bayati
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):65-72.   Published online November 25, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.291
  • 9,007 View
  • 340 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Protecting people against financial hardship caused by illness stands as a fundamental obligation within healthcare systems and constitutes a pivotal component in achieving universal health coverage. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in Iran, over the period of 2013 to 2019.
Methods
Data were obtained from 7 annual national surveys conducted between 2013 and 2019 on the income and expenditures of Iranian households. The prevalence of CHE was determined using a threshold of 40% of household capacity to pay for healthcare. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants influencing CHE.
Results
The prevalence of CHE increased from 3.60% in 2013 to 3.95% in 2019. In all the years analyzed, the extent of CHE occurrence among rural populations exceeded that of urban populations. Living in an urban area, having a higher wealth index, possessing health insurance coverage, and having employed family members, an employed household head, and a literate household head are all associated with a reduced likelihood of CHE (p<0.05). Conversely, the use of dental, outpatient, and inpatient care, and the presence of elderly members in the household, are associated with an increased probability of facing CHE (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Throughout the study period, CHE consistently exceeded the 1% threshold designated in the national development plan. Continuous monitoring of CHE and its determinants at both household and health system levels is essential for the implementation of effective strategies aimed at enhancing financial protection.
Summary
Key Message
• The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in Iran. • Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) are used for monitoring financial protection within health systems. • The World Health Organization defines CHE as out-of-pocket payments for healthcare that exceed 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. • In Iran, the prevalence of CHE increased from 3.60% in 2013 to 3.95% in 2019. • Continuous monitoring of CHE and its determinants is essential for implementing effective strategies aimed at enhancing financial protection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Determinants of Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Impact on Poverty in Deltaic Country: Evidence From Bangladesh
    Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar, Md Jahid Ebn Jalal, Shijun Ding, Ismat Ara Begum, Bo Yang, Mohammad Jahangir Alam
    Sustainable Development.2025; 33(4): 5414.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of national health accounts in Iran (2002–2020)
    Abdoreza Mousavi, Mahdi Mokhtari-Payam, Aliakbar Fazaeli, Mohammad Bakhtiari Aliabad
    Payesh (Health Monitor) Journal.2025; 24(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • An analysis of financial protection and financing incidence of out-of-pocket health expenditures in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2021
    Askhat Shaltynov, Yulia Semenova, Madina Abenova, Assel Baibussinova, Ulzhan Jamedinova, Ayan Myssayev
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Determinants of Optimal Breastfeeding Practices in Indonesia: Findings From the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey
Siti Nurokhmah, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Dyah Intan Puspitasari
J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):182-192.   Published online February 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.448
  • 10,221 View
  • 256 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Understanding the factors influencing mothers’ decision to breastfeed their infants is essential to formulate effective breastfeeding interventions. This study explored the determinants of optimal breastfeeding indicators in Indonesia.
Methods
We used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey to analyze factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and continued breastfeeding at 1 year (CBF-1) and 2 years (CBF-2). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine bio-demographic, socio-cultural, and behavioral characteristics associated with breastfeeding after considering the survey design effect.
Results
The risk of delayed breastfeeding initiation was higher among infants who were born smaller, first-born children, were delivered via cesarean delivery, and did not have immediate skin-to-skin contact (p<0.01). Infant’s age, birth pattern, household wealth index, and the mother’s occupation and smoking status were predictors of EBF (p<0.05). CBF-1 was less common among first-time mothers and those working in the non-agricultural sector, mothers from wealthier families, and mothers who had cesarean deliveries (p<0.01). Infant’s age was negatively associated with CBF-2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.99). Mothers attending college were less likely to practice CBF-2 than those with no education or primary education (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.77). The absence of postnatal visits was a risk factor for CBF-1 and CBF-2 (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Breastfeeding interventions in Indonesia should pay particular attention to at-risk groups such as women from wealthier families, working outside the agricultural sector, and with a higher education level. Nutrition-sensitive programs (e.g., postnatal care and smoking cessation) should also be encouraged.
Summary

Citations

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  • Concomitant Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Practices in India: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey 2019–21
    Charu Tayal, Rajesh Sharma, Kusum Lata
    Global Social Welfare.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Correlations between family characteristics and childcare in optimizing the growth of children under six years
    Laili Rahayuwati, Desy Indra Yani, Sri Hendrawati, Arlette Suzy Setiawan, Damar Irza, Sherllina Rizqi Fauziah
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Breastfeeding practices and attitudes among women in West Sumatra, Indonesia
    Frankie Fair, Katie Marvin-Dowle, Zuhrah Taufiqa, Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto, Hora Soltani
    Nutrition and Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Duration and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Urban and Semi-Rural Areas of Libreville and Lambaréné in Gabon
    Steeve Minto'o, Fifi Claire Loembe, Midili Thècle Larissa, Mireille Mensan Pemba, Koumba Maniaga Raïssa, Mylène Mimbila-Mayi, Yolande Nzame, Essomo Murielle, Eliane Kuissi-Kamgaing, Jean Koko, Simon Ategbo
    Archives of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.2024; 3(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Exclusive breastfeeding among Indonesian working mothers: does early initiation of breastfeeding matter?
    Isyatun Mardhiyah Syahri, Agung Dwi Laksono, Maya Fitria, Nikmatur Rohmah, Masruroh Masruroh, Mara Ipa
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Partner and Household Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Practice: A Systematic Review
    Supriatin Supriatin, Ni Made Dwi Yunica Astriani, Mochamad Heri, Mohamad Sadli
    JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN.2024; 22(2): 429.     CrossRef
  • Trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Indonesia: A multivariate decomposition analysis
    Siti Nurokhmah, Lucinda Middleton, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Aryono Hendarto, Veincent Christian Pepito
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0294900.     CrossRef
  • Association between Skin-to-Skin Contact Duration after Caesarean Section and Breastfeeding Outcomes
    Juan Juan, Xiaosong Zhang, Xueyin Wang, Jun Liu, Yinli Cao, Ling Tan, Yan Gao, Yinping Qiu, Huixia Yang
    Children.2022; 9(11): 1742.     CrossRef
COVID-19: Original Article
Associations Between General Perceptions of COVID-19 and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Korean Hospital Workers: Effect Modification by Previous Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Experience and Occupational Type
Youngrong Lee, Kwanghyun Kim, Sungjin Park, Sun Jae Jung
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):86-95.   Published online January 19, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.540
  • 9,172 View
  • 227 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study investigated associations between perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in workers at hospitals designated to treat COVID-19, as well as the difference in the magnitude of these associations by occupational type and previous Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) experience.
Methods
The participants were workers at hospitals designated to treat COVID-19 who completed a questionnaire about their perceptions related to COVID-19, work experience during the previous MERS-CoV outbreak, and symptoms of PTSD ascertained by the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Participants’ characteristics were compared using the chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations between perceptions and the prevalence of PTSD, stratified by occupational type and previous MERS-CoV experience.
Results
Non-medical personnel showed stronger associations with PTSD than medical personnel according to general fear (odds ratio [OR], 6.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92 to 23.20), shortages of supplies (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.56), and issue-specific fear (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.59). Those with prior MERS-CoV quarantine experience were more prone to PTSD than those without such experience in terms of general fear (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.37), shortages of supplies (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.40), and issue-specific fear (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38).
Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-medical personnel tended to have higher odds of being categorized as having PTSD. Workers with prior MERS-CoV experience were more susceptible than those without such experience. These findings suggest the need for timely interventions to manage human resources for a sustainable quarantine system.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 COVID-19관련 인식과 COVID-19 안심 병원 근로자들의 외상 후 스트레스 장애 (PTSD) 유병률 사이의 연관성에서 직업 유형과 이전 중동 호흡기 증후군 (MERS-CoV) 방역 경험 여부로 인한 연관성의 크기 차이를 조사하였다. 비의료인이 의료인보다 PTSD유병에 더 강한 연관성을 보였고, 이전 메르스 방역 경험이 있는 근로자들이 COVID-19에 대한 "일반적 공포", "물품 부족 공포" 및 "특정 문제에 따른 공포"로 구분한 인식의 크기가 클 수록 방역 경험이 없는 근로자들보다 PTSD유병과의 관련성이 더 컸다. 결론적으로 COVID-19 대유행 기간 중 비의료 인력은 PTSD유병 확률이 더 높은 경향이 있었다. 이전 MERS-CoV 경험이 있는 근로자는 그러한 경험이 없는 근로자보다 더 취약했다.

Citations

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  • Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers before and during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Claire Frodsham, Samuel B. Harvey, Daniel Collins, Karen Krakue, Vita Ligaya Dalgaard, Rosie Lipscomb, Matthew Hotopf, Mark Deady, Richard Bryant, Aimee Gayed
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Peruvian military: a cross-sectional study
    Mario J. Valladares-Garrido, Cinthia Karina Picón-Reátegui, J. Pierre Zila-Velasque, Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, César Johan Pereira Victorio, Danai Valladares-Garrido, Víctor J. Vera-Ponce
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between social networks and symptoms of post-traumatic stress during the pandemic: Cohort study in South Korea
    Ji Su Yang, Yu Jin Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Chul-Hyun Cho, Alexander C. Tsai, Sun Jae Jung
    Comprehensive Psychiatry.2023; 127: 152432.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS) in an Iranian Non-clinical Population
    Roghieh Nooripour, Nikzad Ghanbari, Laurel E. Radwin, Simin Hosseinian, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, Mohsen Hosseinbor, Keyvan Kakabraee, Mojtaba Amiri Majd, Serge Brand, Esmaeil Soleimani, Hossein Ilanloo
    Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Birth Patterns and Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation in Indonesia
Tika Dwi Tama, Erni Astutik, Septa Katmawanti, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):465-475.   Published online October 26, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.212
  • 10,023 View
  • 205 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to examine the association between birth patterns (defined in terms of birth order and interval) with delayed breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. The weighted number of respondents was 5693 women aged 15-49 years whose youngest living child was less than 2 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between birth patterns and delayed breastfeeding initiation after adjusting for other covariates. Results: This study found that 40.2% of newborns in Indonesia did not receive timely breastfeeding initiation. Birth patterns were significantly associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation. Firstborn children had 77% higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.04; p<0.05) than children with a birth order of 4 or higher and a birth interval ≤ 2 years after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions: Firstborn children had higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation. Steps to provide a robust support system for mothers, especially first-time mothers, such as sufficient access to breastfeeding information, support from family and healthcare providers, and national policy enforcement, will be effective strategies to ensure better practices regarding breastfeeding initiation.
Summary

Citations

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  • The mediating role of fatalism in the effect of nutrition literacy on psychological well-being in pregnant women: analysis with machine learning approach
    Muhammet Ali Aydın, İzzet Ülker
    Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care.2026; 7(2): 289.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and social determinants of breastfeeding practices in urban slums and urban non-slum areas in India: A comparative analysis
    Suliat Fehintola Akinwande, Chiamaka Okonkwo, Kalonde Malama, Thabani Nyoni, Kehinde Oluwatosin Akinwande, Pradeep Kumar
    PLOS One.2026; 21(4): e0323861.     CrossRef
  • Development of the "Mother Give Me Exclusive Breastfeeding" e-booklet based on Android as a nutrition educational media
    Septa Katmawanti, Farah Paramita, Agung Kurniawan, Siti Khuzaimah A. Sharoni, Rosuzeita Fauzi, Dea Aflah Samah, Yassinda Thasia Audina, Muhammad Irfan Syahputra, Reza Pahlevi, Intan Gumilang Pratiwi
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    Azeez Adeboye
    Epidemiology and Health System Journal.2024; 11(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Modeling spatial determinants of initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: A geographically weighted regression analysis
    Samuel Hailegebreal, Yosef Haile, Binyam Tariku Seboka, Ermias Bekele Enyew, Tamiru Shibiru, Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen, Shegaw Anagaw Mengiste, James Mockridge
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(9): e0273793.     CrossRef
  • Correlation between Use of the Contraception and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2017 (2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey analysis data)
    Febrianti Prasmono Putri, Septa Katmawanti, Erianto Fanani
    Matrix Science Medica.2022; 6(4): 106.     CrossRef
  • The Intervention of Maternal Nutrition Literacy Has the Potential to Prevent Childhood Stunting: Randomized Control Trials
    Sirajuddin, Saifuddin Sirajuddin, Amran Razak, Ansariadi, Ridwan M Thaha, Toto Sudargo
    Journal of Public Health Research.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
COVID-19: Original Article
Forecasting COVID-19 Transmission and Healthcare Capacity in Bali, Indonesia
I Md Ady Wirawan, Pande Putu Januraga
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(3):158-163.   Published online April 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.152
  • 13,294 View
  • 338 Download
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In the current early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Bali needs to prepare to face the escalation of cases, with a particular focus on the readiness of healthcare services. We simulated the future trajectory of the epidemic under current conditions, projected the impact of policy interventions, and analyzed the implications for healthcare capacity.
Methods
Our study was based on the first month of publicly accessible data on new confirmed daily cases. A susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 was employed to compare the current dynamics of the disease with those predicted under various scenarios.
Results
The fitted model for the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Bali indicated an effective reproduction number of 1.4. Interventions have decreased the possible maximum number of cases from 71 125 on day 86 to 22 340 on day 119, and have prolonged the doubling time from about 9 days to 21 days. This corresponds to an approximately 30% reduction in transmissions from cases of mild infections. There will be 2780 available hospital beds, and at the peak (on day 132), the number of severe cases is estimated to be roughly 6105. Of these cases, 1831 will need intensive care unit (ICU) beds, whereas the number of currently available ICU beds is roughly 446.
Conclusions
The healthcare system in Bali is in danger of collapse; thus, serious efforts are needed to improve COVID-19 interventions and to prepare the healthcare system in Bali to the greatest extent possible.
Summary

Citations

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  • Short term forecast of new daily pandemic hospitalizations: A time series model for a single hospital
    Lieke Fleur Heupink, Espen Rostrup Nakstad, Hilde Lurås, Pål Wiik, Kristine Lippestad, Fred Espen Benth, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
    Epidemics.2026; 54: 100894.     CrossRef
  • The management of chronic diseases during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in WHO Western-Pacific and South-East Asian regions
    Angeline Kuek, Kathryn M. Antioch, Priscilla Robinson
    Journal of Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) on the Use of Ventilators in Severe to Critical COVID-19 Patients
    Lavely Rakhmatan Firdausintika, Irmi Syafa’ah, Prananda Surya Airlangga, Prihatma Kriswidyatomo, Herley Windo Setiawan, Isnin Anang Marhana
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Original Articles
The Relationship Between Obesity, Overweight, and the Human Development Index in World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries
Amin Ataey, Elnaz Jafarvand, Davoud Adham, Eslam Moradi-Asl
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):98-105.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.100
  • 22,985 View
  • 329 Download
  • 128 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Obesity is regarded as one of the most prominent health threats worldwide and a serious risk factor for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Given the role that societal development—as reflected by the Human Development Index (HDI)—may play in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, this study aimed to investigate the degree to which the prevalence of obesity and overweight is affected by HDI and its components.
Methods
In this ecological study, the required data on HDI and its components were gathered from the latest report of the United Nations Development Program, and data on obesity and overweight were acquired from the latest reports published on the World Health Organization website. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24.0.
Results
The prevalence of obesity was determined to be significantly higher among females than males, and the gross national index per capita was found to be significantly higher for males than females (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between HDI and its components and sex, as well as indices of obesity and overweight.
Conclusions
A significant positive correlation exists between HDI and obesity. As policy-makers attempt to improve the general welfare of the people, they should be aware of potential unwanted effects of development on the risk of obesity and overweight among the population.
Summary

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Association Between the Frequency of Eating Non-home-prepared Meals and Women Infertility in the United States
Sohyae Lee, Jin-young Min, Hye-Jin Kim, Kyoung-bok Min
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):73-81.   Published online February 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.218
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine whether eating non-home-prepared meals (NHPM), including fast food, ready-to-eat foods, and frozen foods, was associated with self-reported infertility in the United States women. Methods: Data on diet and infertility from women aged 20-49 years who participated in the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed (n=2143). Dietary information, including the number and types of NHPM consumed, was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire, and infertility status was analyzed using the following question, “Have you ever attempted to become pregnant over a period of at least a year without becoming pregnant?” Results: The frequency of NHPM consumption was positively associated with self-reported infertility after adjusting for confounding effects (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 5.38 of >1 vs. 0 NHPM/d). The odds of infertility were 2-3 times higher in women who consumed fast food than in those who did not consume fast food (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.15 to 6.48 of >1 vs. 0 times/d). Conclusions: The frequency and types of NHPM may be a factor contributing to infertility. Although our findings require confirmation, they suggest that eating out may be deleterious to women fecundity.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 미국 국민건강영양조사 자료를 사용하여 패스트푸드, 냉동식품, 그리고 포장하여 판매하는 음식과 같이 집에서 조리하지 않은 음식 섭취와 불임의 연관성을 분석하였다. 잠재적인 교란변수들을 통제하여 분석한 결과 집에서 조리하지 않은 음식 섭취 횟수는 불임과 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다 (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.38 of >1 vs. 0 NHPM/d).

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Factors Affecting Breast Self-examination Behavior Among Female Healthcare Workers in Iran: The Role of Social Support Theory
saeed bashirian, Majid Barati, Leila Moaddab Shoar, Younes Mohammadi, Mitra Dogonchi
J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(4):224-233.   Published online June 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.277
  • 13,956 View
  • 370 Download
  • 23 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Screening tests are the basis for early diagnosis. In Iranian women, the mortality rate of breast cancer is high due to insufficient screening examinations and delayed visits for care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting breast self-examinations among Iranian women employed in medical careers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 501 women working in the medical professions at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-report questionnaire that contained demographic information and questions based on protection motivation theory and social support theory. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and model fitting with PLS version 2.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 37.1±8.3 years, and most of the women (80.4%) were married. Most women had a bachelor’s degree (67.5%). The findings of this study showed that the coping appraisal construct was a predictor of protection motivation (β=0.380, p<0.05), and protection motivation (β=0.604, p<0.05) was a predictor of breast self-examination behavior. Additionally, social support theory (β=0.202, p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on breast self-examination behavior.
Conclusions
The frequency of practicing self-examinations among women employees in the medical sector was low; considering the influence of social support as a factor promoting screening, it is necessary to pay attention to influential people in women’s lives when designing educational interventions.
Summary

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Upper Endoscopy up to 3 Years Prior to a Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer Is Associated With Lower Stage of Disease in a USA Multiethnic Urban Population, a Retrospective Study
Shailja C. Shah, Chiaki Nakata, Alexandros D. Polydorides, Richard M. Peek, Steven H. Itzkowitz
J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(3):179-187.   Published online April 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.262
  • 8,618 View
  • 108 Download
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In the USA, certain races and ethnicities have a disproportionately higher gastric cancer burden. Selective screening might allow for earlier detection and curative resection. Among a USA-based multiracial and ethnic cohort diagnosed with non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), we aimed to identify factors associated with curable stage disease at diagnosis.
Methods
We retrospectively identified endoscopically diagnosed and histologically confirmed cases of NCGC at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histologic factors, as well as grade/stage of NCGC at diagnosis were documented. The primary outcome was the frequency of curable-stage NCGC (stage 0-1a) at diagnosis in patients with versus without an endoscopy negative for malignancy prior to their index exam diagnosing NCGC. Additional factors associated with curable-stage disease at diagnosis were determined.
Results
A total of 103 racially and ethnically diverse patients were included. Nearly 38% of NCGC were stage 0-Ia, 34% stage Ib-III, and 20.3% stage IV at diagnosis. A significantly higher frequency of NCGC was diagnosed in curable stages among patients who had undergone an endoscopy that was negative for malignancy prior to their index endoscopy that diagnosed NCGC, compared to patients without a negative endoscopy prior to their index exam (69.6% vs. 28.6%, p=0.003). A prior negative endoscopy was associated with 94.0% higher likelihood of diagnosing curable-stage NCGC (p=0.003). No other factors analyzed were associated with curable-stage NCGC at diagnosis.
Conclusions
Endoscopic screening and surveillance in select high-risk populations might increase diagnoses of curable-stage NCGC. These findings warrant confirmation in larger, prospective studies.
Summary

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  • Impact of Prior Upper Endoscopy on Gastric Cancer Stage and Survival in Older Adults
    Sophie Wagner, Josephine Soddano, Ji Yoon Yoon, Jeong Yun Yang, Sheila D. Rustgi, Haley M. Zylberberg, Ling Chen, Yongmei Huang, Chin Hur, Jennifer S. Ferris
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    R. Castaño-Llano, A. Piñeres, R. Jaramillo, S. Molina, F. Aristizábal, J.E. Puerta
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Trends in the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea: The Seoul Atopy ∙ Asthma-friendly School Project
Yong Min Cho, Chea-Bong Kim, Kyung Nam Yeon, Eun Sun Lee, KyooSang Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):275-280.   Published online October 8, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.090
  • 10,700 View
  • 166 Download
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The project Seoul Atopy ∙ Asthma-friendly School investigated the current status of childhood asthma to enable formulation of a preventative policy. We evaluated the current prevalence of childhood asthma in Seoul and its trends and related factors.
Methods
The project was conducted annually from 2011 to 2016 and involved around 35 000 children aged 1-13 years. Based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood guidelines, the survey involved parents. The associations of the particulate matter (PM10) concentration, and the number of days on which the daily air quality guidance level was exceeded in the 25 districts of Seoul, with the prevalence of asthma were assessed.
Results
The age-standardized asthma prevalence in 2011 and 2016 was 6.74 and 4.02%, respectively. The prevalence of lifetime asthma treatment and treatment during the last 12 months tended to decrease from 2011 to 2016. Asthma treatment was significantly correlated with the number of days on which the daily air quality guidance level was exceeded, but not with the PM10 concentration.
Conclusions
This study reports the prevalence of asthma among children in Seoul and confirmed the relationship between childhood asthma and known risk factors in a large-scale survey.
Summary
Korean summary
서울시 아토피 천식 안심학교 사업을 통하여 2011년부터 2016년까지 약 25만명의 아동들을 대상으로 천식 유병률을 파악하고 관련 요인을 분석하였다. 천식의 연령표준화 유병률은 2011년 6.745에서 2016년 4.02%로 감소 추세를 보였다. 미세먼지(PM10)의 농도가 기준을 초과한 일수는 천식으로 인한 병원 치료 건 수와 상관성을 보였다.

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Urinary Mercury Levels Among Workers in E-waste Shops in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Somsiri Decharat
J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(4):196-204.   Published online June 19, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.049
  • 11,655 View
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  • 23 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
To determine urinary mercury levels in e-waste workers in Southern Thailand and the airborne mercury levels in the e-waste shops where they worked, to describe the associations between urinary and airborne mercury levels, and to evaluate the prevalence of mercury exposure-related health effects among e-waste workers.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 79 workers in 25 e-waste shops who lived in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. Information on general and occupational characteristics, personal protective equipment use, and personal hygiene was collected by questionnaire. Urine samples were collected to determine mercury levels using a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometer mercury analyzer.
Results
The e-waste workers’ urinary mercury levels were 11.60±5.23 μg/g creatinine (range, 2.00 to 26.00 μg/g creatinine) and the mean airborne mercury levels were 17.00±0.50 μg/m3 (range, 3.00 to 29.00 μg/m3). The urinary and airborne mercury levels were significantly correlated (r=0.552, p<0.001). The prevalence of self-reported symptoms was 46.8% for insomnia, 36.7% for muscle atrophy, 24.1% for weakness, and 20.3% for headaches.
Conclusions
Personal hygiene was found to be an important protective factor, and should therefore be stressed in educational programs. Employers should implement engineering measures to reduce urinary mercury levels and the prevalence of associated health symptoms among e-waste workers.
Summary

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Risk Reduction of Breast Cancer by Childbirth, Breastfeeding, and Their Interaction in Korean Women: Heterogeneous Effects Across Menopausal Status, Hormone Receptor Status, and Pathological Subtypes
Seok Hun Jeong, Yoon Suk An, Ji-Yeob Choi, Boyoung Park, Daehee Kang, Min Hyuk Lee, Wonshik Han, Dong Young Noh, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(6):401-410.   Published online November 10, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.152
  • 13,501 View
  • 277 Download
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of childbirth, breastfeeding, and their interaction with breast cancer (BC) risk reduction, and to evaluate the heterogeneity in the BC risk reduction effects of these factors by menopause, hormone receptor (HR) status, and pathological subtype.
Methods
BC patients aged 40+ from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry in 2004-2012 and controls from the Health Examinee cohort participants were included in this study after 1:1 matching (12 889 pairs) by age and enrollment year. BC risk according to childbirth, breast-feeding, and their interaction was calculated in logistic regression models using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
BC risk decreased with childbirth (3+ childbirths relative to 1 childbirth: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.78 and OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.95 in postmenopausal and premenopausal women, respectively); and the degree of risk reduction by the number of children was heterogeneous according to menopausal status (p-heterogeneity=0.04), HR status (p-heterogeneity<0.001), and pathological subtype (p-heterogeneity<0.001); whereas breastfeeding for 1-12 months showed a heterogeneous association with BC risk according to menopausal status, with risk reduction only in premenopausal women (p-heterogeneity<0.05). The combination of 2 more childbirths and breastfeeding for ≥13 months had a much stronger BC risk reduction of 49% (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.58).
Conclusions
This study suggests that the combination of longer breastfeeding and more childbirths reduces BC risk more strongly, and that women who experience both 2 or more childbirths and breastfeed for ≥13 months can reduce their BC risk by about 50%.
Summary

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Reviews
Breast Density and Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):367-375.   Published online October 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.054
  • 23,500 View
  • 340 Download
  • 67 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women.
Methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted.
Results
Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; I2=50.0%). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47).
Conclusions
In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.
Summary

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The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parity on the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ho Kyung Sung, Seung Hyun Ma, Ji-Yeob Choi, Yunji Hwang, Choonghyun Ahn, Byoung-Gie Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Jae Weon Kim, Sokbom Kang, Jaehoon Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Daehee Kang, Suekyung Park
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.066
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Methods
A systematic search of relevant studies published by December 31, 2015 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used to obtain the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for EOC were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively. Small to moderate heterogeneity was observed for one birth (p<0.01; Q=59.46; I2=47.9%). Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and >13 months. The summary RRs were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively. Only small heterogeneity was observed for <6 months of breastfeeding (p=0.17; Q=18.79, I2=25.5%). Compared to nulliparous women with no history of breastfeeding, the joint effects of two births and <6 months of breastfeeding resulted in a 0.5-fold reduced risk for EOC.
Conclusions
The first birth and breastfeeding for <6 months were associated with significant reductions in EOC risk.
Summary

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Original Article
Short-term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: An Assessment of Effect Modification by Prior Allergic Disease History
Juhwan Noh, Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Seong-Kyung Cho, Yoon Jung Choi, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):329-341.   Published online September 8, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.038
  • 13,541 View
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  • 33 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits in Seoul for asthma according to patients’ prior history of allergic diseases.
Methods
Data on ED visits from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. To evaluate the risk of ED visits for asthma related to ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10]), a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution was used; a single-lag model and a cumulative-effect model (average concentration over the previous 1-7 days) were also explored. The percent increase and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in the concentration of each air pollutant. Subgroup analyses were done by age, gender, the presence of allergic disease, and season.
Results
A total of 33 751 asthma attack cases were observed during the study period. The strongest association was a 9.6% increase (95% CI, 6.9% to 12.3%) in the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in O3 concentration. IQR changes in NO2 and PM10 concentrations were also significantly associated with ED visits in the cumulative lag 7 model. Among patients with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in PM10 concentration was higher (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 6.7%) than in patients with no such history.
Conclusions
Ambient air pollutants were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, especially among subjects with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.
Summary

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Review
Short-term Effect of Fine Particulate Matter on Children’s Hospital Admissions and Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hyungryul Lim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Jong Hyuk Choi, Mina Ha, Seung-Sik Hwang, Won-Jun Choi
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(4):205-219.   Published online July 14, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.037
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  • 68 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
No children-specified review and meta-analysis paper about the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma has been published. We calculated more precise pooled effect estimates on this topic and evaluated the variation in effect size according to the differences in study characteristics not considered in previous studies.
Methods
Two authors each independently searched PubMed and EMBASE for relevant studies in March, 2016. We conducted random effect meta-analyses and mixed-effect meta-regression analyses using retrieved summary effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and some characteristics of selected studies. The Egger’s test and funnel plot were used to check publication bias. All analyses were done using R version 3.1.3.
Results
We ultimately retrieved 26 time-series and case-crossover design studies about the short-term effect of PM2.5 on children’s hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma. In the primary meta-analysis, children’s hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma were positively associated with a short-term 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (relative risk, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.067; I2=95.7%). We also found different effect coefficients by region; the value in Asia was estimated to be lower than in North America or Europe.
Conclusions
We strengthened the evidence on the short-term effect of PM2.5 on children’s hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma. Further studies from other regions outside North America and Europe regions are needed for more generalizable evidence.
Summary

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Review Article
Epstein-Barr Virus and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis With Meta-regression of Case-control Studies
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(2):97-107.   Published online March 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.068
  • 20,553 View
  • 210 Download
  • 52 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Research on how the risk of gastric cancer increases with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is lacking. In a systematic review that investigated studies published until September 2014, the authors did not calculate the summary odds ratio (SOR) due to heterogeneity across studies. Therefore, we include here additional studies published until October 2015 and conduct a meta-analysis with meta-regression that controls for the heterogeneity among studies.
Methods
Using the studies selected in the previously published systematic review, we formulated lists of references, cited articles, and related articles provided by PubMed. From the lists, only case-control studies that detected EBV in tissue samples were selected. In order to control for the heterogeneity among studies, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed.
Results
In the 33 case-control results with adjacent non-cancer tissue, the total number of test samples in the case and control groups was 5280 and 4962, respectively. In the 14 case-control results with normal tissue, the total number of test samples in case and control groups was 1393 and 945, respectively. Upon meta-regression, the type of control tissue was found to be a statistically significant variable with regard to heterogeneity. When the control tissue was normal tissue of healthy individuals, the SOR was 3.41 (95% CI, 1.78 to 6.51; I-squared, 65.5%).
Conclusions
The results of the present study support the argument that EBV infection increases the risk of gastric cancer. In the future, age-matched and sex-matched case-control studies should be conducted.
Summary

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Special Articles
Ethical Perspectives on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Epidemic in Korea
Ock-Joo Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):18-22.   Published online January 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.013
  • 15,254 View
  • 204 Download
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Ethical considerations are essential in planning for and responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases. During the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Republic of Korea in 2015, serious challenges emerged regarding important ethical issues, such as transparency and the protection of privacy. The development of bioethics in Korea has been influenced by individualistic perspectives applied in clinical contexts, leading to a paucity of ethical perspectives relevant to population-level phenomena such as outbreaks. Alternative theories of public health ethics include the perspectives of relational autonomy and the patient as victim and vector. Public health actions need to incorporate clear and systematic procedures founded upon ethical principles. The MERS-CoV epidemic in Korea created significant public support for more aggressive early interventions in future outbreaks. This trend makes it all the more imperative for ethical principles and procedures to be implemented in future planning and responses to outbreaks in order to promote perceptions of legitimacy and civic participation.
Summary

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Structural Factors of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak as a Public Health Crisis in Korea and Future Response Strategies
Dong-Hyun Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):265-270.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.066
  • 41,762 View
  • 218 Download
  • 24 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak has originated from a failure in the national quarantine system in the Republic of Korea as most basic role of protecting the safety and lives of its citizens. Furthermore, a number of the Korean healthcare system’s weaknesses seem to have been completely exposed. The MERS-CoV outbreak can be considered a typical public health crisis in that the public was not only greatly terrorized by the actual fear of the disease, but also experienced a great impact to their daily lives, all in a short period of time. Preparedness for and an appropriate response to a public health crisis require comprehensive systematic public healthcare measures to address risks comprehensively with an all-hazards approach. Consequently, discussion regarding establishment of post-MERS-CoV improvement measures must focus on the total reform of the national quarantine system and strengthening of the public health infrastructure. In addition, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention must implement specific strategies of action including taking on the role of “control tower” in a public health emergency, training of Field Epidemic Intelligence Service officers, establishment of collaborative governance between central and local governments for infection prevention and control, strengthening the roles and capabilities of community-based public hospitals, and development of nationwide crisis communication methods.
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Perspective
Costly Lessons From the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea
Sang-il Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):274-276.   Published online November 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.064
  • 20,817 View
  • 178 Download
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Since the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) began on May 11, 2015, a total of 186 persons have been infected by the MERS coronavirus, 38 of whom have died. With this number, Korea becomes second only to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the ranking of cumulative MERS cases. In this paper Korea’s unique experience of an outbreak of MERS will be summarized and discussed briefly.
Summary

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Original Article
A 9-year Trend in the Prevalence of Allergic Disease Based on National Health Insurance Data
Byoungin Yoo, Yoonhyung Park, Kwanjun Park, Hoseob Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):301-309.   Published online November 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.011
  • 13,368 View
  • 166 Download
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period.
Methods
Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence.
Results
The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%.
Conclusions
There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients’ self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.
Summary

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Review
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(5):225-230.   Published online September 16, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.046
  • 17,181 View
  • 172 Download
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer incidence by age group in Korean women are unique. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer risk in Korean women.
Methods
We searched electronic databases such as KoreaMed, KMbase, KISS, and RISS4U as well as PubMed for publications on Korean breast cancer patients. We also conducted manual searching based on references and citations in potential papers. All of the analytically epidemiologic studies that obtained individual data on HRT exposure and breast cancer occurrence in Korean women were selected. We restricted the inclusion of case-control studies to those that included age-matched controls. Estimates of summary odds ratio (SOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effect models.
Results
One cohort and five case-control studies were finally selected. Based on the heterogeneity that existed among the six studies (I-squared=70.2%), a random effect model was applied. The summary effect size of HRT history from the six articles indicated no statistical significance in breast cancer risk (SOR, 0.983; 95% CI, 0.620 to 1.556).
Conclusions
These facts support no significant effect of HRT history in the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. It is necessary to conduct a pooled analysis.
Summary

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Original Articles
Influence of Asthma on the Longitudinal Trajectories of Cigarette Use Behaviors From Adolescence to Adulthood Using Latent Growth Curve Models
Jisuk Bae
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(2):111-117.   Published online March 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.053
  • 12,043 View
  • 79 Download
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
While epidemiologic research indicates that the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors including cigarette smoking among young people with asthma is substantial, the longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking in this vulnerable population have received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors from adolescence to adulthood between young people with and without asthma.
Methods
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) during the years 1994 to 1995 (Wave I, adolescence), 2001 to 2002 (Wave III, young adulthood), and 2007 to 2008 (Wave IV, adulthood) were analyzed (n=12 244). Latent growth curve models were used to examine the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood according to asthma status.
Results
Regardless of asthma status, the trajectory means of cigarette use behaviors were found to increase, and then slightly decrease from adolescence to adulthood. In total participants, there were no statistically significant differences in initial levels and changes in cigarette use behaviors according to asthma status. However, in select sex and race subgroups (i.e., females and non-whites), former asthmatics showed greater escalation in cigarette use behaviors than did non-asthmatics or current asthmatics.
Conclusions
This study indicated that the changing patterns of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood among young people with asthma are comparable to or even more drastic than those among young people without asthma.
Summary

Citations

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  • Depressive Symptom Trajectories Across Adolescence and Adulthood Among Individuals With Asthma
    Nicole M Ruppe, Ashley H Clawson, Rachel L Ankney, Ginger Welch, Larry L Mullins, John M Chaney
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Rates of Change to a Positive Result in Subsequent Screening Mammography in Korean Women: A Retrospective Observational Study
Jong-Myon Bae, Sang Yop Shin, Eun Hee Kim, Yoon-Nam Kim, Chung Mo Nam
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(1):48-52.   Published online December 26, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.042
  • 11,901 View
  • 82 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This retrospective cohort study aimed at calculating some parameters of changes in the findings of the subsequent screening mammography (SSM) in female Korean volunteers.
Methods
The study included screenees aged 30 to 79 years who underwent SSM voluntarily after testing negative in the baseline screenings performed between January 2007 and December 2011. A change to a positive result was defined as category 4 or 5 by using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The proportion of results that had changed to positive (CP, %) was calculated by dividing the number of cases with results that were positive in the SSM by the total number of study participants. The rate of results that had changed to positive (CR, cases per 100 000 screenee-months) was calculated by dividing the number of cases with results that were positive in the SSM by the total number of months of the follow-up period.
Results
The overall CP and CR in all age groups (n=77 908) were 2.26% and 93.94 cases per 100 000 screenee-months, respectively. The median CP interval in the subjects who had positive SSM results was 30 to 36 months, while that in the age group of 30 to 39 years was shorter.
Conclusions
Different screening intervals should be considered among women aged between 30 and 59 years. In addition, a strategy for a screening program should be developed for the age group of 30 to 39 years, in particular.
Summary
Differences in the Levels of Gastric Cancer Risk Factors Between Nanjing and Minqing Counties, China
Xiang-Quan Xie, Kui-Cheng Zheng, Bing-Shan Wu, Tie-Hui Chen, Shan-Rong Lai, Zai-Sheng Lin, Kazuo Aoki
J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(5):281-287.   Published online September 12, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.018
  • 13,799 View
  • 86 Download
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In Fujian Province, China, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among all malignant tumors. Nanjing county and Minqing county are located in inland Fujian and have similar general demographics. However, the adjusted mortality rate of gastric cancer in Minqing was found to be much higher than that in Nanjing. We sought to explore factors associated with this increased risk of gastric cancer between the two counties. Methods: We recruited 231 and 224 residents from Nanjing and Minqing, respectively, and analyzed differences between their dietary habits, Helicobacter pylori infection rates, and concentrations of serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and ratio of pepsinogen I:II. Results: Subjects in Minqing had more first-degree relatives who had been diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal tumor, more unhealthy dietary habits, a higher Helicobacter pylori positive rate, and greater proportion of abnormal serum gastrin-17 than those in Nanjing did. Conclusions: The factors that differed between these two counties might indicate that residents in Minqing have a higher risk for developing gastric cancer than those in Nanjing do.
Summary

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Mean Sojourn Time of Preclinical Gastric Cancer in Korean Men: A Retrospective Observational Study
Jong-Myon Bae, Sang Yop Shin, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(4):201-205.   Published online July 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.4.201
  • 16,260 View
  • 106 Download
  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This retrospective cohort study aimed to estimate the mean sojourn time (MST) of preclinical gastric cancer in Korean men.
Methods
The subjects consisted of voluntary male screenees aged 40 to 69 years who underwent subsequent screening gastroscopies after testing negative at a baseline screening performed between January 2007 and December 2011. A new case was defined if gastric cancer cells were present in the biopsy specimens obtained from gastroscopy. The follow-up period was calculated as the number of person-years between the date of baseline screening gastroscopy and positive findings at a subsequent screening. The MST was calculated using transition rates of gastric cancer to determine the best screening interval.
Results
Of the 171 979 voluntary male screenees, 61 688 (36%) underwent subsequent screening gastroscopies between January 2007 and December 2011. A total of 91 incident cases were found during 19 598 598 person-years of follow-up. The MST of gastric cancer was 2.37 years (95% confidence intervals, 1.92 to 2.96), and those aged 40 to 49 years had a shorter MST than those 50 to 69 years did.
Conclusions
These findings support the 2-year interval of screening recommended by the nationwide gastric cancer screening program in Korea. Further studies for the age-specific MST among women are needed.
Summary

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Review
Cancer Control Programs in East Asia: Evidence From the International Literature
Malcolm A. Moore
J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(4):183-200.   Published online July 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.4.183
  • 20,565 View
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  • 18 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, including the countries of North-East and South-East Asia. Assessment of burden through cancer registration, determination of risk and protective factors, early detection and screening, clinical practice, interventions for example in vaccination, tobacco cessation efforts and palliative care all should be included in comprehensive cancer control programs. The degree to which this is possible naturally depends on the resources available at local, national and international levels. The present review concerns elements of cancer control programs established in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan in North-East Asia, Viet Nam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia as representative larger countries of South-East Asia for comparison, using the published literature as a guide. While major advances have been made, there are still areas which need more attention, especially in South-East Asia, and international cooperation is essential if standard guidelines are to be generated to allow effective cancer control efforts throughout the Far East.
Summary

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Original Articles
Association of Selected Medical Conditions With Breast Cancer Risk in Korea
Sun Jae Jung, Minkyo Song, Ji-Yeob Choi, Nan Song, Sue Kyung Park, Keun-Young Yoo, Daehee Kang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(6):346-352.   Published online November 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.6.346
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

To estimate the effect of medical conditions in the population of Korea on breast cancer risk in a case-control study.

Methods

The cases were 3242 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer in two major hospitals interviewed between 2001 and 2007. The controls were 1818 women each admitted to either of those two hospitals for a variety of non-neoplastic conditions. Information on each disease was obtained from a standardized questionnaire by trained personnel. Odds ratios (ORs) for each disease were derived from multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, age of menarche, pregnancy, age of first pregnancy, and family history of breast cancer.

Results

Among all of the incident breast cancer patients, pre-existing diabetes (OR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.78), hypertension (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.83), thyroid diseases (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.58), and ovarian diseases (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.35) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer when other factors were adjusted for. In a stratified analysis by menopausal status, pre-existing hypertension (pre-menopause OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.34 vs. post-menopause OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.43; p-heterogeneity <0.01) and ovarian disease (pre-menopause OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.91 to 9.24 vs. post-menopause OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.91; p-heterogeneity 0.01) showed significantly different risks of breast cancer.

Conclusions

Our results suggest the possibility that medical conditions such as hypertension affect breast cancer development, and that this can differ by menopausal status. Our study also indicates a possible correlation between ovarian diseases and breast cancer risk.

Summary

Citations

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Socio-demographic Characteristics and Leading Causes of Death Among the Casualties of Meteorological Events Compared With All-cause Deaths in Korea, 2000-2011
Kyung Eun Lee, Hyung-Nam Myung, Wonwoong Na, Jae-Yeon Jang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(5):261-270.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.5.261
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristics and medical causes of death among meteorological disaster casualties and compared them with deaths from all causes.

Methods

Based on the death data provided by the National Statistical Office from 2000 to 2011, the authors analyzed the gender, age, and region of 709 casualties whose external causes were recorded as natural events (X330-X389). Exact matching was applied to compare between deaths from meteorological disasters and all deaths.

Results

The total number of deaths for last 12 years was 2 728 505. After exact matching, 642 casualties of meteorological disasters were matched to 6815 all-cause deaths, which were defined as general deaths. The mean age of the meteorological disaster casualties was 51.56, which was lower than that of the general deaths by 17.02 (p<0.001). As for the gender ratio, 62.34% of the meteorological event casualties were male. While 54.09% of the matched all-cause deaths occurred at a medical institution, only 7.6% of casualties from meteorological events did. As for occupation, the rate of those working in agriculture, forestry, and fishery jobs was twice as high in the casualties from meteorological disasters as that in the general deaths (p<0.001). Meteorological disaster-related injuries like drowning were more prevalent in the casualties of meteorological events (57.48%). The rate of amputation and crushing injury in deaths from meteorological disasters was three times as high as in the general deaths.

Conclusions

The new information gained on the particular characteristics contributing to casualties from meteorological events will be useful for developing prevention policies.

Summary

Citations

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The Relationship Between Psychosocial Stress and Allergic Disease Among Children and Adolescents in Gwangyang Bay, Korea
Mee-Ri Lee, Bu-Soon Son, Yoo-Ri Park, Hye-Mi Kim, Jong-Youn Moon, Yong-Jin Lee, Yong-Bae Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(6):374-380.   Published online November 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.6.374
  • 14,422 View
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  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Stress is considered a causal factor in many diseases, allergic disease being one of them. The prevalence of allergic disease is increasing in Korea, but the relationship between allergic symptoms and stress is not empirically well known. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between allergy-related symptoms and stress in children and adolescents.

Methods

We investigated 698 children and adolescents living in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and the Psychosocial Well-being Index, these subjects were surveyed on allergy-related symptoms and psychosocial stressors in their lives, respectively. We used a multivariate logistic analysis for odds ratios for the complaint rate of allergic symptoms, after adjusting for age, gender, household income, body mass index, and residence.

Results

After adjustments, lifetime rhinitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.024), rhinoconjunctivitis (OR, 1.090), diagnosis of itchy eczema (OR, 1.040), treatment of itchy eczema (OR, 1.049), 12-month allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.026), diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.031), and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.034) were found to be significantly associated with stress.

Conclusions

Our results support the notion that there is a relationship between stress and allergic symptoms in children and adolescents. Further research into any causal relationship between stress and allergies, as well as preventative public health plans for decreasing stress in children and adolescents are needed.

Summary

Citations

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Modifying Effect of Suicidal Ideation on the Relationship Between Asthma and Cigarette Use Behaviors Among Korean Adolescents
Jisuk Bae, Eun Young Park, Soon-Woo Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(3):118-124.   Published online May 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.3.118
  • 10,824 View
  • 64 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Although cigarette smoking is known to be related to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, several studies have indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among asthmatic adolescents is similar to or even higher than that among non-asthmatic adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors and whether or not the presence of suicidal ideation modifies this relationship among Korean adolescents.

Methods

We analyzed data from the 2008 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette use behaviors among current asthmatics, former asthmatics, and non-asthmatics, after adjusting for gender, grade, school records, socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and suicidal ideation.

Results

Of 75 238 study participants, 3.5% were current asthmatics and 4.5% were former asthmatics. Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatics were more likely to report current cigarette use, frequent and heavy cigarette use, and cigarette use before 13 years of age. There were statistically significant interactions between asthma and suicidal ideation in cigarette use behaviors.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that asthmatic adolescents are more likely than non-asthmatic adolescents to engage in cigarette use behaviors and the presence of suicidal ideation is an effect modifier of the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors. Particular attention should be paid to the awareness of health risks of cigarette smoking and mental health problems among asthmatic adolescents.

Summary

Citations

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Abdominal Obesity in Relation to the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose among some Korean Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Seung Ho Ryu, Sung Ho Beck, Yoo Soo Chang, Dong Il Kim, Byung Seong Suh, Woon Sool Kim, Ki Chul Sung
J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(4):359-365.   Published online November 30, 2004
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OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to determine whether an increase in abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 DM. METHODS: Among 24, 212 adults over 30 years who undertook comprehensive medical screening examinations from Jan to Dec 1999, in a university hospital in Seoul, a total of 11, 183 subjects were selected who had no DM at baseline and who were followed up more than once by Dec 2002. The average follow up period was 2.4 (+/-0.5) years. DM was defined as having a fasting glucose level > or = 126mg/dl, and impaired fasting glucose as showing a fasting glucose level between 110 and 125 mg/dl. Body weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were simultaneously measured with blood sampling. The relative risks (RRs) for DM and impaired fasting glucose by WC were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Ageadjusted rates were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 from 30 to 80 years. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 41.7 (+/- 7.0) years; males 41.2 (+/-6.5) and females 45.6 (+/-9.2). RRs for type 2 DM by WC with the reference group of WC < 80cm were as follows: 2.66 (95%, CI 0.55~12.8) for WC of 80~89cm in men, 5.92 (95%, CI 1.08~32.3) for WC > or = 90 cm in men, and 2.64 (95%, CI 0.23~29.8) for WC of 80~89cm in females. RRs for impaired fasting glucose by WC were 3.03 (95%, CI 2.18~4.22) for WC 80~89cm in men, 6.10 (95%, CI 4.25~8.75) for WC > or = 90cm in men, and 1.56 (95%, CI 0.43~5.67) for WC 80~89cm in women, and 8.08 (95%, CI 2.22~29.4) for WC > or = 90cm in females. These results remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI and fasting glucose concentrations at baseline in both sexes. Annual increment of more than 1 cm in WC was associated with the development of DM and impaired fasting glucose independently of age, sex, BMI, or presence of abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: In Korean adults, abdominal obesity increased the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. This result supports many other prospective studies suggesting abdominal obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Summary
English Abstracts
A Factor of Fasting Blood Glucose and Dietary Patterns in Korean Adults Using Data From the 2007, 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Kyung Won Paek, Ki Hong Chun, Soo Jin Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(2):93-100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.2.93
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to identify the socioeconomic factors, health behavior factors and dietary patterns that have an influence on the fasting blood glucose in adults. METHODS: This study used data collected from the 2007, 2008, 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample included 4163 subjects who were 30-59 years old and who had completed the necessary health examinations, the health behaviors survey and nutrition survey. RESULTS: Eleven dietary patterns emerged from the factor analysis with different factor loading. After controlling for potential confounders, multiple regression analysis of the dietary patterns showed that 'fruits', 'alcohols', and 'starchy foods' affected the fasting blood. Lower consumption of 'fruits' and higher consumption of 'alcohols' and 'starch foods' were significantly associated only with an increased risk of high blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of the results of this study, it appears pretty likely that the risk of developing high blood glucose can be reduced by changing a person's dietary patterns.
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The Change in Readmission Rate, Length of Stay and Hospital Charge after Performance Reporting of Hip Hemiarthroplasty.
Won Mo Jang, Sang Jun Eun, Pilyoung Sagong, Chae Eun Lee, Moo Kyung Oh, Juhwan Oh, Yoon Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(6):523-534.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.6.523
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We assessed impact of performance reporting information about the readmission rate, length of stay and cost of hip hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: The data are from a nationwide claims database, National Quality Improvement Project database, of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service in Korea. From January 2006 to April 2008, we received information of length of stay, readmission within 30 days, cost of 22 851 hip hemiarthroplasty episodes. Each episodes has retained the diagnoses of comorbidities and demographics. We used time-series analysis to assess the shifting of patients selections, between high volume(over 16 operations in a year) and low volume institutions, after performance reporting (december 2007). The changes of quality (readmission, length of stay) and cost were evaluated by multilevel analysis with adjustment of patient's factors and institutional factors after performance reporting. RESULTS: As compared with the before performance reporting, the proportion of patients who choose the high volume institution, increased 3.45% and the trends continued 4 months at marginal significance (p=0.059). After performance reporting, national average readmission rate, length of stay were decreased by 0.49 OR (95% CI=0.25-0.95) and 10% (beta=-0.102 p<0.01) and cost was not changed (beta=-0.01, p<0.27). The high volume institutions were more decreased than low volume in length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: After performance reporting, readmission rate, length of stay were decreased and the patient selections were marginal shifted from low volume institutions to high volume institutions.
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    Yu-Jin Chun, Chang-Yup Kim
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Brief Communication
A Comparison of Fasting Glucose and HbA1c for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Among Korean Adults.
Woo Jun Yun, Min Ho Shin, Sun Seong Kweon, Kyeong Soo Park, Young Hoon Lee, Hae Sung Nam, Seul Ki Jeong, Yong Woon Yun, Jin Su Choi
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(5):451-454.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.451
  • 7,691 View
  • 110 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended the HbA1c assay as one of four options for making the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, with a cut-point of > or =6.5%. We compared the HbA1c assay and the fasting plasma glucose level for making the diagnosis of diabetes among Korean adults. METHODS: We analyzed 8710 adults (age 45-74 years), who were not diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, from the Namwon study population. A fasting plasma glucose level of > or =126 mg/dL and an A1c of > or =6.5% were used for the diagnosis of diabetes. The kappa index of agreement was calculated to measure the agreement between the diagnosis based on the fasting plasma glucose level and the HbA1c. RESULTS: The kappa index of agreement between the fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c was 0.50. CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes was moderate for Korean adults.
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    Changseung Liu, Eunhye Choi, In Cheol Bae, Sang-Guk Lee, Jeong-Ho Kim
    Laboratory Medicine Online.2017; 7(2): 59.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological ramifications of diagnosing diabetes with HbA1c levels
    Mayer B. Davidson, Deyu Pan
    Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2014; 28(4): 464.     CrossRef
  • COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLYCOSYLATED HAEMOGLOBIN WITH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
    Kavya S T, Nagaraja B S, Akila V, Chandra Mohan G, Prakash Kikker Gowdaiah
    Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2014; 3(23): 6435.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-Ae Seo, In-Kyu Lee
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    Jinsook Lim, Ji-Myung Kim, Sun Hoe Koo, Kye Chul Kwon
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  • Discordance between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose criteria for diabetes screening is associated with obesity and old age in Korean individuals
    Jin Hwa Kim, Ji Hye Shin, Hae Jung Lee, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae
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    Woo-Jun Yun
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Evaluation Studies
The Effect of Catastrophic Health Expenditure on the Transition to Poverty and the Persistence of Poverty in South Korea.
Eun Cheol Song, Young Jeon Shin
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(5):423-435.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.423
  • 8,212 View
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  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The low benefit coverage rate of South Korea's health security system has been continually pointed out. A low benefit coverage rate inevitably causes catastrophic health expenditure, which can be the cause of the transition to poverty and the persistence of poverty. This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of catastrophic health expenditure on the transition to poverty and the persistence of poverty in South Korea. METHODS: To determine the degree of social mobility, this study was conducted among the 6311 households that participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study in both 2006 and 2008. The effect of catastrophic health expenditure on the transition to poverty and the persistence of poverty in South Korea was assessed via multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The poverty rate in South Korea was 21.6% in 2006 and 20.0% in 2008. 25.1 - 7.3% of the households are facing catastrophic health expenditure. Catastrophic health expenditure was found to affect the transition to poverty even after adjusting for the characteristics of the household and the head of the household, at the threshold of 28% or above. CONCLUSIONS: 25.1% of the households in this study were found to be currently facing catastrophic health expenditure, and it was determined that catastrophic health expenditure is a cause of transition to poverty. This result shows that South Korea's health security system is not an effective social safety net. As such, to prevent catastrophic health expenditure and transition to poverty, the benefit coverage of South Korea's health security system needs to the strengthened.
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    Health Policy and Management.2016; 26(3): 172.     CrossRef
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    Jae-Woo Choi, Jong-Won Choi, Jae-Hyun Kim, Ki-Bong Yoo, Eun-Cheol Park
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Comparative Study
Physical and Mental Health of Disaster Victims: A Comparative Study on Typhoon and Oil Spill Disasters.
Soondool Chung, Eunjeong Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(5):387-395.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.387
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and mental health status of disaster victims according to disaster types, such as a typhoon disaster and an oil spill disaster, and to suggest adequate health care services for them. METHODS: A total of 484 people who suffered disasters were selected for this study, and data were collected from July to August, 2008. The data-set for this study included 286 victims of typhoon disasters in Jeju and Jeollanamdo district in South Korea, and 198 victims of the oil spill disaster in Taean. Physical health status was measured using revised Patient Health Questionnaire and mental health status was measured using the Korean version of 'Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale'. RESULTS: According to the comparative analyses of typhoon disaster victims and oil spill disaster victims, poorer physical health outcomes were shown among the oil spill disaster victims when compared to the typhoon disaster victims. Also, the oil spill disaster victims showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, at rates higher than those found among the typhoon disaster victims. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there is a need to provide adequate physical and mental health-related care services for oil spill disaster victims. The seriousness of oil spill disaster should be realized and reconsidered in developing recovery strategies and disaster preparedness for physical and mental health services.
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English Abstracts
Association Between Socioeconomic Status and All-Cause Mortality After Breast Cancer Surgery: Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.
Mi Jin Park, Woojin Chung, Sunmi Lee, Jong Hyock Park, Hoo Sun Chang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(4):330-340.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.4.330
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to evaluate and explain the socioeconomic inequalities of all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery in South Korea. METHODS: This population based study included all 8868 females who underwent radical mastectomy for breast cancer between January 2002 and June 2003. Follow-up for mortality continued from January 2002 to June 2006. The patients were divided into 4 socioeconomic classes according to their socioeconomic status as defined by the National Health Insurance contribution rate. The relationship between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality after breast cancer surgery was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model with adjusting for age, the Charlson's index score, emergency hospitalization, the type of hospital and the hospital ownership. RESULTS: Those in the lowest socioeconomic status group had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% CI =1.50 - 2.91) compared with those in the highest socioeconomic group after controlling for all the identifiable confounding variables. For all-cause mortality after radical mastectomy, all the other income groups showed significantly higher 3-year mortality rates than did the highest income group. CONCLUSIONS: The socioeconomic status of breast cancer patients should be considered as an independent prognostic factor that affects all-cause mortality after radical mastectomy, and this is possibly due to a delayed diagnosis, limited access or minimal treatment leading to higher mortality. This study may provide tangible support to intensify surveillance and treatment for breast cancer among low socioeconomic class women.
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Associated Factors of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Some Korean Rural Adults.
Hye Eun Yun, Mi Ah Han, Ki Soon Kim, Jong Park, Myeng Guen Kang, So Yeon Ryu
J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(4):309-318.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.4.309
  • 5,830 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and its related characteristics among healthy adults in some Korean rural areas. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the data from 1352 adults who were over the age 40 and under the age 70 and who were free of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases and other diseases and who participated in a survey conducted as part of the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort Study. IFG was defined as a serum fasting glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL. RESULTS: The prevalence of IFG was 20.4% in men, 15.5% in women and 12.7% overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent risk factors for IFG were male gender, having a family history of DM, the quartiles of gamma glutamyltransferase and high sensitive C-reactive protein and the waist circumference. The homeostatis model assessment for insulin resistance was very strongly associated with IFG. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS components was higher in the subjects with IFG then in those with normal fasting glucose (NFG). CONCLUSIONS: The result of study could supply evidence to find the high risk population and to determine a strategy for treating IFG. Further research is needed to explain the causal relationship and mechanisms of IFG.
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    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(4): 421.     CrossRef
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    Roma Seol, Jin-Ho Chun
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16600.     CrossRef
Association of Current and Past Smoking with Metabolic Syndrome in Men.
A Rum Hong, Kang Sook Lee, Seon Young Lee, Jae Hee Yu
J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(3):160-164.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.3.160
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between past smoking and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2007, a total of 3,916 over thirty years old male health screen examinees were divided into the nonsmoking, smoking, ex-smoking groups. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the criteria of the NCEP ATP (Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program). Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: a blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg, a fasting glucose level > or = 110 mg/dL, a HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) level < 40 mg/dL, a triglyceride level > or = 150 mg/dL and, a waist circumference men > or = 102 cm, but a waist to hip ratio > 0.90 was used as a surrogate for the waist circumference. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, alcohol consumption and, exercise in the smokers, for the ex-smokers compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) of a lower HDL cholesterol level (< 40 mg/dL) was 1.29 (95% CI=1.03-1.61) in the smokers, the ORs of a higher triglyceride level were 1.35 (95% CI=1.09-1.66) in the ex-smokers and, 2.12 (95% CI=1.75-2.57) in the smokers, and the OR of a waist to hip ratio was 1.25 (95% CI=1.03-1.52) in the ex-smokers. When there were over three components of metabolic syndrome in the ex-smokers and smokers as compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio against the risk of metabolic syndrome were 2.39 (95% CI=1.00-6.63) and 2.37 (95% CI=1.02-6.46), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested that there is an association of smoking with metabolic syndrome in men.
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    Ji Young Ryu, Dae-Hwan Kim
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The Factors Associated with Changes in the Stage of Breast Cancer Screening Behavior among the Woman who are Eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program.
Hyo Kyung Son, Sin Kam, Ki Soo Park, Jang Rak Kim, Rock Bum Kim, Sun Kyun Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):109-116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.109
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to evaluate the relationships between psychosocial characteristics and changes in the stage of breast cancer screening behavior. METHODS: The 474 study subjects were randomly sampled from 21,459 women (age range, 40-70 years) who were eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program in 2006 in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. The information, including behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy, was collected by trained interviewers via home visits. The breast cancer screening stages were grouped as precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance and relapse, according to Rakowski. RESULTS: Of the 474 women, 18.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 23.3% were in the contemplation stage, 13.1% were in the action stage, 36.6% were in the maintenance stage, and 8.2% were in the relapse stage. The distribution of stages was associated with attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy (p for trend<0.01). To investigate the overall relationship between the variables, we conducted a linear structural equation model analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. The subjective norms and self-efficacy influenced the stage of the women's screening behavior. CONCLUSIONS: We should target on self-efficacy about the screening behavior of women by performing timely, thoughtful interventions. The support from family members, friends and other people is crucial for women to undergo breast cancer screening and to improve the breast cancer screening rate.
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    Shin-Young Lee
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Evaluation Studies
Usefulness of Comorbidity Indices in Operative Gastric Cancer Cases.
Se Min Hwang, Seok Jun Yoon, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyong Gin An, Sang Hoo Kim, Min Ho Kyeong, Eun Kyoung Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(1):49-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.1.49
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of the following four comorbidity indices in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery: Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Cumulative Illness rating scale (CIRS), Index of Co-existent Disease (ICED), and Kaplan-Feinstein Scale (KFS). METHODS: The study subjects were 614 adults who underwent surgery for gastric cancer at K hospital between 2005 and 2007. We examined the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of 4 comorbidity indices for 50 patients. Reliability was evaluated with Spearman rho coefficients for CCI and CIRS, while Kappa values were used for the ICED and KFS indices. Logistic regression was used to determine how these comorbidity indices affected unplanned readmission and death. Multiple regression was used for determining if the comorbidity indices affected length of stay and hospital costs. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of CCI and CIRS was substantial (Spearman rho=0.746 and 0.775, respectively), while for ICED and KFS was moderate (Kappa=0.476 and 0.504, respectively). The inter-rater reliability of the CCI, CIRS, and ICED was moderate (Spearman rho=0.580 and 0.668, and Kappa=0.433, respectively), but for KFS was fair (Kappa=0.383). According to the results from logistic regression, unplanned readmissions and deaths were not significantly different between the comorbidity index scores. But, according to the results from multiple linear regression, the CIRS group showed a significantly increased length of hospital stay (p<0.01). Additionally, CCI showed a significant association with increased hospital costs (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the CCI index may be useful in the estimation of comorbidities associated with hospital costs, while the CIRS index may be useful where estimatation of comorbiditie associated with the length of hospital stay are concerned.
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English Abstract
The Prevalence of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia according to Gender, Age and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in a Rural Population.
Hyun Ja Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Tae Joon Byun, Chang Soo Eun, Kyu Sang Song, Yong Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han
J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):373-379.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.373
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia according to gender, age and Helicobacter pylori infection in a rural population in Korea. METHODS: Between April 2003 and January 2007, 713 subjects (298 men and 415 women, age range: 18-85) among the 2,161 adults who participated in a populationbased survey received gastrointestinal endoscopy. All the subjects provided informed consent. Multiple biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was determined using CLO and histology testing. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 42.7% for men and 38.1% for women and the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 42.5% for men and 32.7% for women. The prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia increased significantly with age for both men and women (p for trend<0.001). The ageadjusted prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was similar for men (59.0%) and women (56.7%). The subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (44.3%) compared with that (26.8%) of the noninfected subjects (p<0.001). However, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis was not statistically different between the Helicobacter pyloriinfected subjects and the noninfected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia is higher for a Korean rural population than that for a Western population; this may be related to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Koreans. Especially, the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was high for the subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection. The multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis and the various factors contributing to each step of this process need to be determined by conducting future follow-up studies.
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Original Article
Socioeconomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening among US Women: Trends from 2000 to 2005.
Jaeyoung Kim, Soong Nang Jang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(3):186-194.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.3.186
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study describes trends in the socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer screening among US women aged 40 or over, from 2000 to 2005. We assessed 1) the disparities in each socioeconomic dimension; 2) the changes in screening mammography rates over time according to income, education, and race; and 3) the sizes and trends of the disparities over time. METHODS: Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2005, we calculated the age-adjusted screening rate according to relative household income, education level, health insurance, and race. Odds ratios and the relative inequality index (RII) were also calculated, controlling for age. RESULTS: Women in their 40s and those with lower relative incomes were less likely to undergo screening mammography. The disparity based on relative income was greater than that based on education or race (the RII among low-income women across the survey years was 3.00 to 3.48). The overall participation rate and absolute differences among socioeconomic groups changed little or decreased slightly across the survey years. However, the degree of each socioeconomic disparity and the relative inequality among socioeconomic positions remained quite consistent. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the trend of the disparity in breast cancer screening varied by socioeconomic dimension. ontinued differences in breast cancer screening rates related to income level should be considered in future efforts to decrease the disparities in breast cancer among socioeconomic groups. More focused interventions, as well as the monitoring of trends in cancer screening participation by income and education, are needed in different social settings.
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English Abstracts
Ten Year Trend of Cancer Incidence in Seoul, Korea: 1993-2002.
Myung Hee Shin, Hyun Kyung Oh, Yoon Ok Ahn
J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(2):92-99.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.2.92
  • 6,615 View
  • 34 Download
  • 23 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Effective cancer prevention and control measures can only be done when dependable data on the cancer incidence is available. The Seoul Cancer Registry (SCR) was founded to provide valid, comparable and representative cancer incidence data for Koreans. We aimed to compare the cancer incidence in the first (1993-1997) and second term (1998-2002) of the SCR, and we analyzed the annual incidence trend during that 10 years. METHODS: The SCR detects potential cancer cases through the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) data, the health insurance claims, the individual hospital's discharge records and the death certificates. About 87% of the SCR data is registered through the KCCR. The rest of the data is registered by SCR registrars who visit about 70~80 mid-sized hospitals in Seoul to review and abstract the medical records of the potential cancer patients. RESULTS: The total number of new cancer cases was higher in 1998~2002 than in 1993~1997 by 20.6% for men and 18.4% for women, respectively. The age-standardized rate (ASR) of total cancer per 100,000 increased 1% (from 295.4 to 298.3) for men and 5.1% (from 181.5 to 190.7) for women, between the two periods. The commonest cancer sites during 1998-2002 for men were stomach, liver, bronchus/lung, colorectum, bladder and prostate, and the commonest cancer sites for women were breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix uteri, thyroid and bronchus/lung. Compared with the ASRs in 1993, the ASRs in 2002 increased for colorectum (58.4% for men, 27.1% for women), prostate (81.5%), breast (58.3% for women), thyroid (141% for women), and bronchus/lung (15.4% for women). The ASRs for stomach (-18.7% for men, -20.7% for women) and uterine cervix cancer (-39.7%) had decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The cancer incidence is increasing in Seoul, Korea, especially for the colorectum and prostate for men, and for the breast, colorectum, bronchus/lung and thyroid for women.
Summary

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Factors Associated with Gastric Cancer Screening of Koreans Based on a Socio-ecological Model.
Sang Soo Bae, Heui Sug Jo, Dong Hyun Kim, Yong Jun Choi, Hun Jae Lee, Tae Jin Lee, Hye Jean Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(2):100-106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.2.100
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AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We measured behavioral factors associated with Koreans receiving gastric cancer screening based on a socio-ecological model, in part to develop strategies to improve cancer screening rates. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted with 2,576 people chosen through stratified random sampling from April 1- May 31, 2004. Collected information included gastric cancer screening, socio-demographic factors, and socio-ecological factors at intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and public policy levels. RESULTS: Among 985 survey respondents (380 men and 605 women), 402 had received gastric cancer screening. Logistic analysis was performed to compare those screened and unscreened. 'Age' was the only demographic factor that showed a statistically significant association with getting screening. People in their fifties (OR=1.731, 95% CI=1.190-2.520) and sixties (OR=2.098, 95% CI=1.301-3.385) showed a higher likelihood of getting screened, compared to those in the forties. 'Accessibility to a medical institution' was a significant factor related to having gastric cancer screening at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal level, recommendations by family members to be screened and a family practice of routine cancer screening were significantly related. People with frequent education about cancer screening or with stronger social feelings that cancer screening is necessary also demonstrated significantly higher tendencies to be screened. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a socio-ecological model seems appropriate for explaining gastric cancer screening behavior and associated factors. Health planners should develop integrated strategies to improve cancer screening rates based on socio-ecological factors, especially at the interpersonal and community levels.
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JPMPH : Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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