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Original Articles
- Psychometric Properties of the Areas of Worklife Survey in an Industrial Context in Thailand
- Jate Ratanachina, Inthuon Hongsiri, Watcharakorn Chuthong, Wiroj Jiamjarasrangsi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(1):75-85. Published online October 16, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.569
- 65,535 View
- 193 Download
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Abstract
Summary
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Supplementary Material - Objectives
The Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) is widely used to assess organizational factors contributing to burnout. However, evidence regarding its construct and criterion validity has been reported primarily in human service settings. This study evaluated the construct validity of the AWS measurement model and the criterion validity of the AWS–burnout relationship among industrial workers in Thailand.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a Thai-language electronic questionnaire was administered to 446 industrial workers between June 2024 and August 2024. Of these, 390 participants (87.4%) completed both the AWS and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis within a structural equation modeling framework.
Results
A modified 6-factor (chi-square/degree of freedom [χ²/df], comparative fit index [CFI], Tucker– Lewis index [TLI], root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA], and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR]) AWS model—excluding 5 items and allowing 2 correlated error terms—demonstrated satisfactory fit (χ²(213)=436.02, p<0.001; χ²/df=2.05; CFI=0.94; TLI=0.92; RMSEA=0.053; SRMR=0.053). Convergent validity (composite reliability=0.74–0.87; average variance extracted [AVE]=0.49–0.58) and discriminant validity were acceptable for most dimensions; however, the Fairness dimension (AVE=0.36) and the Reward–Fairness correlation remained problematic. The partial mediation model demonstrated acceptable criterion validity, with all mediation paths—except reward to values—reaching statistical significance.
Conclusions
The AWS is a valid measure for assessing factors contributing to burnout among Thai industrial workers. Nevertheless, further refinement is necessary to ensure strong dimension-specific validity with minimal modification. -
SummaryKey Message
• The Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) demonstrated acceptable construct and criterion validity for assessing organizational risk factors related to burnout among Thai industrial workers after model refinement. • A modified 18-item, six-factor structure showed good model fit and meaningful associations with burnout dimensions, supporting the AWS as a useful tool beyond human service settings.- Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH)
- Woojin Kim, Munjoo Bae, Sei-Jin Chang, Jin-Ha Yoon, Da Yee Jeong, Dae-Sung Hyun, Hye-Yoon Ryu, Ki-Soo Park, Mi-Ji Kim, Changsoo Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):345-354. Published online October 24, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.116
- 16,909 View
- 287 Download
- 22 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objectives
It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea.
Methods
A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling.
Results
Job demands (β=0.411, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (β=-0.290, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (β=0.237, p<0.001) and violence (β=0.123, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (β=0.131, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (β=0.085, p=0.081).
Conclusions
Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants’ PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD. -
SummaryKorean summary
535명의 현직소방관을 대상으로 소방공무원에서 업무관련스트레스, 폭력노출, 외상노출, 소진(번아웃), 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상 설문을 시행하였고, 구조방정식 통해 업무스트레스에 의한 소진이 PTSD에 주는 영향과 다른 요인간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 업무 환경에서의 높은 직무요구수준과 낮은 노력-보상 균형은 소진을 증가시키며, 업무스트레스에 의한 소진과 근무 중 겪게 되는 폭력노출 경험은 PTSD 점수와 양의 연관관계를 보였다. 반면, 업무 도중 외상사건 경험은 PTSD 점수와 직접적으로 유의한 연관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 소진을 통한 간접적으로 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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Nicola Cogan, Alison Kirk, Christoph Graf
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- The Development and Protocol for Testing a Co-Created Digital Intervention (Sentinel) to Improve Mental Well-Being and Help Manage and Prevent Trauma in First Responders
- The Degree and Related Factors of the Depression and Burnout among Private Practice Physicians.
- Jun Ho Shin, Gun Su Kim, Yo Sub Park, Bek Ju Na, Seok Joon Sohn, Byong Woo Kim
- Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(3):563-575.
- 2,553 View
- 28 Download
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Abstract
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- In order to investigate the prevalence and the factors related to the depression and burnout among private practice physicians, a SDS(self-rating depression scale) and MBl(Maslach burnout inventory) -based questionnaire study was performed on 344 private practice physicians in Kwangju and chonnam area. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Mean SDS score was 38.3 in total subjects and the prevalence rate of depression was 48.8%. As for the frequency order of the items of the SDS, decreased libido, diurnal variation and hopelessness were relatively high, and suicidal rumination, constipation and agitation were noted low. 2. Noticeable factors related with depression were smoking, coffee use, sleeping time and satisfaction with income. 3. As a result a factor analysis with the MBl data, five factors named as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, involvement and self-interest were extracted. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that 48.8% of the physician sample reported high scores on emotional exhaustion, and 45.3% scored high on depersonalization. Personal accomplishment scores remained high with 45.3% reporting high personal accomplishment. 4. Variables related to the burnout were age, sleeping time, family size religion, medical speciality. duration of practice setting, visiting patient number, closing day per month and job satisfaction. 5. In the relationship with depression, burnout was closely related to depression. Above results showed that the high percentage of private practice physicians experiencing depression and burnout suggests the need for further research to establish trends, to identify causal factors, and to develop avenues to reduce stress.
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