Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Systematic Review

Effective Education Methods to Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review: Ika Mustikaningtias, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Pugud Samodro, Nanang Munif Yasin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):453-464. Published online June 4, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.025

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is essential for reinforcing adherence and engagement to achieve therapeutic objectives, given the chronic nature of the treatment. Appropriate strategies for delivering education effectively are crucial. This study aimed to identify effective educational strategies for improving clinical outcomes in patients with T2DM.
Methods
The literature search included original publications from Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, published in English between 2015 and February 2024, for which full-text access was available. This review was performed by a team consisting of pharmacists and internist following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results
From the initial search yielding 105 articles, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Of these 17 studies, 9 demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Not all studies incorporated control groups for comparative analysis during the implementation of educational interventions. Most interventions were delivered via direct face-to-face methods, although there was considerable variation across studies in terms of program duration, intervention frequency, session length, education providers, and educational content.
Conclusions
Studies demonstrating improvements in clinical outcomes predominantly utilized direct face-to-face education methods, typically in sessions lasting between 30 minutes and 60 minutes, with the majority of programs extending over approximately 6 months. Pharmacists contribute significantly to the success of educational programs by providing tailored instructional information that aligns with established protocols while addressing individual patient needs.; Summary

Key Message
This systematic review identifies appropriate educational delivery patterns for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This article explores the educational delivery methods, the frequency and duration of educational delivery, the length of educational programs, the providers of education, and the content of education, all of which are associated with clinical outcomes. Education must be customized to the patient's needs, necessitating a two-way conversation to investigate their difficulties or the information they need. Moreover, standardized guidelines should be established to serve as a reference for educators in patient education.

Original Articles

Empowering Rural Housewives in Iran: Utilizing the Transtheoretical Model to Increase Physical Activity: Mahboobe Borhani, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Najme Shahabodin, Ali Mehri, Mohadese Kiani, Marzieh Abedi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):167-175. Published online January 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.457

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Objectives
Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives.
Methods
A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21.
Results
The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (<>p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants’ model structures and their stages of change.

Summary

Key Message
The study aimed to investigate strategies for promoting and sustaining regular exercise habits among rural housewives using the transtheoretical model (TTM). A semi-experimental study was conducted with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 in Iran. The intervention group received a comprehensive educational program, and after 6 months, they exhibited significant differences in model structures, stages of change, and body mass index compared to the control group. These findings underscore the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives and suggest that the educational intervention utilizing the TTM substantially impacted the participants' model structures and stages of change.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The impact of training based on the transtheoretical model on increasing physical activity in overweight and obese housewives
Tayebeh Rakhshani, Zahra Jalalpour, Mohsen Jafari, Samira Taravatmanesh, Amirhossein Kamyab, Ali Khani Jeihooni
BMC Women's Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Lifestyle interventions to reduce non-communicable disease risk in female secondary school teachers of Islamabad; a quasi-experimental mixed-methods protocol
Zoha Imtiaz Malik, Shaheer Ellahi Khan, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Open Communication About Reproductive Health Is Associated With Comprehensive HIV Knowledge and a Non-stigmatising Attitude Among Indonesian Youth: A Cross-sectional Study: Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ni Luh Zallila Gustina, Pande Putu Januraga; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):342-350. Published online June 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.581

12,271 View
207 Download
5 Web of Science
6 Crossref

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