Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Scoping Review

Is Farming a Risk Occupation for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases? A Scoping Review on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Risk in Farmers: Hyeonjun Kim, Wongeon Jung, Sunjin Jung, Seunghyeon Cho, Inho Jung, Hansoo Song, Ki-Soo Park, Seong-Yong Yoon, Joo Hyun Sung, Seok-Ju Yoo, Won-Ju Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):521-529. Published online August 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.302

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
In Korea, cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is recognized as an occupational disease when sufficient evidence of a work-related burden exists. In 2021, approximately 26.8% of the payments from occupational disease insurance under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act were allocated to CCVDs. However, due to the specific nature of insurance policies for farmers, CCVD is not acknowledged as an occupational disease in their case.
Methods
We reviewed studies on the differences in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of CCVDs between farmers and the general population or other occupations and described the exposure of farmers to risk factors for CCVDs.
Results
Several studies showed that farming is a high-risk occupation for CCVDs, with the following risk factors: long working hours, night work, lack of holidays, and strenuous physical labor; physical factors (noise, cold, heat, humidity, and vibration); exposure to hazardous gases (diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, nitrogen oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), pesticides, and dust (particulate matter, silica, and organic dust); exposure to a hypoxic environment; and job-related stress. Social isolation and lack of accessible medical facilities also function as additional risk factors by preventing farmers from receiving early interventions.
Conclusions
Farmers are exposed to various risk factors for CCVDs and are an occupation at risk for CCVDs. More studies are needed in the future to elucidate this relationship. This study lays the groundwork for future research to develop guidelines for approving CCVDs as occupational diseases among farmers.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 농업이 뇌심혈관질환과 연관된 고위험 직업임을 입증하는 근거를 검토하였습니다. 농업인은 긴 근무 시간, 격렬한 신체 노동, 유해 가스 및 살충제 노출 등 다양한 위험 요인과 더불어 의료 접근성 부족과 같은 문제에 직면해 있습니다. 이는 뇌심혈관질환을 농업인의 업무 관련 질병으로 인정하기 위한 가이드라인 개발에 중요한 기초를 제공합니다.

Key Message
This study reviewed evidence supporting that farming is a high-risk occupation associated with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Farmers face various risk factors, including long working hours, strenuous physical labor, exposure to hazardous gases and pesticides, and challenges such as limited access to medical care. This provides an essential foundation for developing guidelines to recognize cardio-cerebrovascular diseases as work-related illnesses among farmers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Labour-type physical activity, alcohol use and hypertension in rural older adults in Northeast China
Yongheng Zhao, Gaixia Hou, Yimeng Gu, Zhuangzhuang Guo, Dehui Zhang, Xuefeng Xi, Limeng Liu, Lizhen Ning
Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Leveraging Administrative Health Databases to Address Health Challenges in Farming Populations: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis (1975-2024)
Pascal Petit, Nicolas Vuillerme
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e62939. CrossRef

Brief Report

Background and Activities of the Samsung Ombudsperson Commission in Korea: Cheolsoo Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang, Hyunwook Kim, Inhee Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(4):265-271. Published online July 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.033

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The Samsung Ombudsperson Commission was launched as an independent third-party institution following an agreement among Samsung Electronics, Supporters for Health and Right of People in Semiconductor Industry (Banolim in Korean, an independent NGO), and the Family Compensation Committee, in accordance with the industry accident prevention measure required by the settlement committee to address the issues related to employees who allegedly died from leukemia and other diseases as a result of working at Samsung’s semiconductor production facilities.
Methods
The Commission has carried out a comprehensive range of activities to review and evaluate the status of the company’s occupational accidents management system, as well as occupational safety and health risk management within its facilities.
Results
Based on the results of this review, termed a comprehensive diagnosis, the Commission presented action plans for improvement to strengthen the company’s existing safety and health management system and to effectively address uncertain risks in this area going forward.
Conclusions
The Commission will monitor the execution of the suggested tasks and provide advice and guidance to ensure that Samsung’s semiconductor and liquid crystal display production lines are safer.

Summary

Korean summary
삼성옴부즈만위원회는 ‘삼성전자 반도체 사업장에서의 백혈병 등 질환 발병과 관련된 문제 해결을 위한 조정위원회’의 조정권고안 중 재해예방대책 부분에 대하여 삼성전자, 반올림, 가족대책위원회 등 3자 간에 조정합의가 성립함에 따라 출범한 외부의 독립기구로서, 삼성전자 내부의 재해관리시스템 운영 상황을 비롯하여 사업장 내 산업안전보건관리 현황 등에 관하여 필요한 정보를 삼성전자로부터 제출받아 이를 검토·평가하고 필요한 경우 개선을 권고하는 종합진단 활동을 수행하였다. 종합진단 결과, 삼성옴부즈만위원회는 현재의 안전보건관리 체계를 보다 강화하고 안전보건관리 영역에서 미래의 불확실한 위험을 효과적으로 해소하기 위해 개선권고사항을 제시하였으며, 앞으로 개선권고사항의 이행점검활동을 통해 삼성전자 반도체 및 LCD사업장이 보다 안전한 사업장이 될 수 있도록 지도 및 조언할 예정이다.

Citations

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Please Give Me a Remedy: Women Human Rights Defenders Mobilize for Occupational Safety and Health
Aleydis Nissen
Journal of Human Rights Practice.2024; 16(2): 638. CrossRef
Importance of a Good Relationship between Local and International Employees in an MNC: A Case Study on Samsung, London, UK

Canadian Journal of Business and Information Studies.2023; : 22. CrossRef
Employee Perspectives on Onsite Health Clinics in Semiconductor Company in South Korea
Yun-Kyoung Song, Boyoon Choi, Jung Mi Oh, Arim Kwak, Kyungim Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1433. CrossRef
The analysis of whole industrial chain of Samsung Semiconductor
Yueke Qin
BCP Business & Management.2022; 34: 262. CrossRef
Why Workers Hesitate to Report Their Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Survey at a Korean Semiconductor Company
Jong-Tae Park, Jangwhon Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11221. CrossRef

Original Article

An Analysis of Health Examination Outcome in the Special Health Examination Institute.: Yeon Soon Ahn, Sang Hyuk Jung, Dong Chun Shin, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(3):663-677.

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Abstract PDF: Special health examination institute has done periodic health examination for workers who have worked in the hazardous workplace. However, assessment on outcome in special health examination institute about detection ability of occupational disease has not been. In this circumstances, we studied on the differences of health examination outcome among special health examination institutes and identified related factors which affected outcome of special health examination in the special health examination institutes. The summary of the results were as follows. 1. 50 special health examination institutes were examined in this study. Among them, university institutes were 13 cases(26.0%), hospitals were 20 cases(40.0%), a corporation aggregates were 9 cases(18.0%) and an auxiliary organs of company were 8 cases(16.0%). There were 29(58.0%) institutes with a preventive medicine specialist, but 21 institutes(42.0%) were not. 2. Total workers examined in 50 institutes were 606,948 and workers diagnosed as occupational disease(D1) were 3,156. The rate of occupational disease was 6 workers per 1,000 examined workers. Workers needed for close observation(C) were 95,809 and the rate of workers needed for close observation was 141 per 1,000 examined workers. 3. The rate of occupational disease of university institutes was highest(11.3 per l,000 examined workers) and followed by hospitals(6.0 per 1,000 examined workers), a corporation aggregates(4.2 per 1,000 examined workers), and an auxiliary organs of company(l.2 per 1,000 examined workers.). The difference of the rate of occupational disease between university institutes and an auxiliary organs of company was statistically moderate significant(p<.1).The rate of occupational disease in special health examination institutes with establishment duration was more than 10 years was statistically higher than institutes with establishment duration was less than 10 years(p<0.l). 4. The results of multiple regression, R2 was 0.3394(adjusted R2 was 0.2109), F-value was 2, fi41ft(p<0.5), and statistically significant variables were establishment duration(p<0.1), number of examined workers per one doctor(p<.l), and auxiliary organs of company(p<0.l), which dependent variable was the rate of occupational disease and independent variables were number of examined workers per one doctor, classification of institute, the rate of working environment exceeding TLV, duration of institute establishment, presence of a preventive medicine specialist.; Summary

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