Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Prevalence, Sources, and Correlates of Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in India: Farheen Ahmed, Nilesh Gawde, Sulabha Parasuraman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):136-145. Published online December 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.278

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Objectives
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women. This study aimed to address the research gap concerning the prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at home and in public settings among non-smoking pregnant women in India.
Methods
The dataset from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-17), India, was utilised to evaluate the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women both at home and in public spaces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of SHS exposure among this population.
Results
The prevalence of SHS exposure at home was 36.9%, while exposure outside the home was 26.5%. Among non-smoking pregnant women, 10.0% were exposed to SHS on public transport. The risk of SHS exposure at home was significantly higher in the North (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45 to 11.60), Central (aOR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.98 to 10.02), and Northeast (aOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.78 to 9.81) regions compared to the South. Pregnant women aged 25-34 (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.93) and those aged 35 and above (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86), as well as those with secondary (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) or higher education (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58), had lower odds of SHS exposure at home. For SHS exposure outside the home, the North region (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.36), employment status (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.47), and belonging to scheduled tribes (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.25 to 8.21) were associated with higher odds.
Conclusions
The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant non-smoking women was notably high both at home and in external environments.

Summary

Key Message
Our secondary analysis of GATS-2 India data (2016-17) showed that the prevalence of Second-hand Tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home was high (36.9%) among non-smoking pregnant women in India. Among pregnant women, younger age, lower education levels, and residing in the country's North, Central, and Northeast regions were significantly associated with higher odds of SHS exposure at home. Overall, about a quarter (26.5%) of pregnant women reported SHS exposure outside their home. Tribal women, employed ones, and those residing in the North region were at higher risk of SHS exposure outside their homes during their pregnancies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Household secondhand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk among never-smoking women: a literature review
Ali Hussein Choker
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Biomarker–questionnaire discordance in secondhand smoke exposure among Korean children: A secondary analysis of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020
Hee-jeong Lee, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Induced Diseases.2026; 24(September): 1. CrossRef

Associations Between Activities Outside Work and Presenteeism Among Korean Wage Workers: An Analysis Using a Nationwide Survey: Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):292-298. Published online August 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.132

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Presenteeism is currently recognized as a significant global health issue that can potentially cause productivity losses. Hence, many studies have analyzed the relationships between workplace factors and presenteeism. However, few studies have considered non-occupational factors. This study examined the associations between presenteeism and activities outside work, including volunteering, self-development, leisure/sports, and gardening and house repair activities, in Korean wage workers.
Methods
This study analyzed the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey, in which a total of 19 294 wage workers participated. To identify relationships between presenteeism and activities outside work, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics.
Results
Self-development and leisure/sports activities significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of presenteeism (OR, 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061 to 1.282 and OR, 1.276; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.379, respectively).
Conclusions
Certain activities outside work, such as self-development or leisure/sports, were related to presenteeism among Korean wage workers. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of those activities on health, this study documented negative effects of these activities outside work on health.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 제4차 근로환경조사를 통해 한국인 임금근로자들에서 다양한 ‘업무 외 활동’과 프리젠티즘과의 연관성을 알아보았다. 자기계발 및 레저/스포츠활동 등의 ‘업무 외 활동’에 참여할 경우 프리젠티즘 위험도가 상승했으며, 이를 통해 자기계발의 긍정적인 역할을 강조 하였던 기존 연구들과는 달리 ‘업무 외 활동’의 부정적인 면을 확인 할 수 있었다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Investigating Associations Between Physical Activity and Presenteeism – A Scoping Review
Valérie Hervieux, Caroline Biron, Justine Dima
American Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 37(8): 1147. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal symptoms and presentism among professionals of public health management of Belem-PA, Brazil
William Rafael Almeida Moraes, Laura Maria Tomazi Neves, Rita Cristina Cotta Alcântara
ABCS Health Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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