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Original Article Association of Sedentary Lifestyle with Skeletal Muscle Strength and Mass in US Adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014)
Kun-Hee Oh1orcid , Jin-Young Min2orcid , Seo Kang1orcid , Kyoung-Bok Min1,3corresp_iconorcid

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.614 [Accepted]
Published online: January 30, 2025
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1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
2Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, SEOUL, Korea
3Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Corresponding author:  Kyoung-Bok Min,
Email: minkb@snu.ac.kr
Received: 17 October 2024   • Revised: 13 December 2024   • Accepted: 31 December 2024

Objectives
Excessive sedentary behavior in youth is a major global issue, contributing to the rise in childhood obesity and metabolic diseases. International public health authorities have issued guidelines recommending that children and adolescents limit their daily sedentary time, including screen time. However, to date, no studies have explored the relationship between sedentary behavior as an exposure factor and skeletal muscle strength and mass as outcomes in this population. The present study investigated the association of sedentary behavior with handgrip strength (HGS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) among US adolescents.
Methods
A total of 1,449 adolescent participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014) were included. Information on sedentary behavior, specifically daily sedentary time, was obtained through a self-reported questionnaire. Muscular parameters, including HGS and ALM, were measured. To adjust for differences in body size, these parameters were divided by body mass index (BMI) and weight. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between daily sedentary time and each muscular parameter, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, annual family income, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
Results
The linear regression analyses revealed negative associations between daily sedentary time and all muscular parameters, apart from absolute ALM. These included HGS (β=−0.2652, standard error [SE]=0.0740; p=0.0011), HGS/BMI (β=−0.0215, SE=0.0044; p<0.0001), HGS/weight (β=−0.0079, SE=0.0016; p<0.0001), ALM/BMI (β=−0.0083, SE=0.0030; p=0.01), and ALM/weight (β=−0.0030, SE=0.0010; p=0.0047).
Conclusions
After adjusting for MVPA, daily sedentary time was inversely associated with HGS, HGS/BMI, HGS/weight, ALM/BMI, and ALM/weight in US adolescents.


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