Figure 1Samplers used to measure airborne nicotine concentrations in the tobacco field (A) and on the farmer (B). (a) Upper region, (b) lower region, (c) air sampler.
Figure 2Measurements of airborne nicotine concentrations in the joint curing barn. (A) Joint curing barn, (B) joint curing barn layout
Table 1.The operating conditions of gas chromatography
Descriptions |
Conditions |
Instrument |
HP 5890 II series |
Detector |
Nitrogen phosphorus detector |
Column |
Rtx-5 capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm inner diameter, 1.0 μm film) |
Temperature |
Injection 200°C |
|
Detector 300°C |
|
Column 60°C (2 min hold) to 200°C at 5°C/min; hold at 200°C for 1 min |
Carrier gas flow rate |
He, 45 μL/min |
Injection volume |
1 μL |
Split ratio |
4:1 |
Table 2.Nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields
|
Location |
|
No. of sites |
GM (GSD), mg/m3
|
Range, mg/m3
|
Tobacco field |
Area sampling |
Upper |
23 |
83.4 (1.3) |
56.6-125.7 |
|
|
Lower |
23 |
93.3 (1.2)1
|
65.6-166.2 |
|
Personal sampling |
Worker |
1 |
150.1 |
NA |
Table 3.The nicotine concentrations in the curing barns and the schoolyard (control)
|
Location |
No. of sites |
GM (GSD), mg/m3
|
Range, mg/m3
|
Private curing barns |
Curing barns |
30 |
323.7 (2.0) |
91.8-935.6 |
|
Workers |
10 |
121.0 (1.5) |
72.8-249.9 |
|
Front yard of the curing barns |
10 |
73.7 (1.7) |
43.0-251.7 |
Joint curing barn |
|
3 |
610.3 (1.0) |
603.5-619.0 |
Schoolyard (control) |
|
20 |
ND |
NA |