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2 "Electronic nicotine delivery systems"
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Original Article
Associations Between Tobacco Use Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Analysis of the 2020–2022 KNHANES
Jinsun Kim, Seungju Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(2):174-183.   Published online March 5, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.684
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  • 87 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study examined the association between various tobacco product use behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Korean adults.
Methods
Data from 15 359 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2020–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were classified as dual users, e-cigarettes (EC; nicotine-containing liquid-type)/ heated tobacco products (HTP) users, cigarette-only users, ex-smokers, or non-smokers. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Subgroup analyses were conducted by survey year and age group. Complex-sample cross-tabulation and logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results
All types of tobacco product use were associated with an increased likelihood of MetS compared with non-smokers. This association was particularly evident among dual users (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.94) and cigarette-only users (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.41). The highest risk was observed among adults aged 19–39 years and among dual users in 2020.
Conclusions
Dual use and cigarette smoking were associated with a higher likelihood of MetS, particularly among younger adults. Efforts are needed to reduce the misconception that EC/HTP products are less harmful alternatives and to strengthen education and prevention in order to prevent changes in tobacco use behavior from leading to new health risks.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 2020–2022년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 국내 성인의 담배 사용 형태와 대사증후군 간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 총 15,359명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 모든 담배 사용 형태는 비흡연자에 비해 대사증후군 위험 증가와 관련되었으며, 특히 이중사용자와 궐련 단독 사용자에서 유의한 연관성이 나타났다. 이러한 연관성은 19–39세 젊은 성인에서 더욱 두드러졌다. 본 연구는 전자담배 및 가열담배의 안전성에 대한 인식을 재고하고, 변화하는 담배 사용 행태에 대응한 예방 전략의 필요성을 시사한다.
Key Message
Using data from 15,359 Korean adults in the 2020–2022 KNHANES, this study analyzed associations between tobacco use behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). All tobacco use types increased MetS risk, with significant associations observed among dual users (OR 1.48) and cigarette-only users (OR 1.19). This risk was most pronounced in young adults aged 19–39. These findings suggest a need to address misconceptions about EC/HTP products and to improve education and prevention strategies in the context of evolving tobacco use patterns.
Special Article
Public Health Challenges of Electronic Cigarettes in South Korea
Sungkyu Lee, Heejin Kimm, Ji Eun Yun, Sun Ha Jee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(6):235-241.   Published online November 14, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.6.235
  • 53,452 View
  • 189 Download
  • 49 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarrettes) were recently introduced and advertised as a smoking cession device in South Korea. As the social norm to quit smoking has gained hold in the country, the number of e-cigarette users is growing rapidly. This phenomenon should be urgently considered, because of the lack of research that has been conducted to examine the safety of e-cigarettes and its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid.

This paper raises several public health concerns on e-cigarettes in South Korea. Uncertain regulations of the government on e-cigarettes are contributing to an increase of e-cigarette users and allowing the e-cigarette industry to circumvent existing regulations. The aggressive marketing activity of this industry is also a core factor that is responsible for the rapid increase of e-cigarette use, in particular among the youth. Following the enforcement of tobacco control, some cigarette smokers may be encouraged to purchase e-cigarettes in order to circumvent the regulations, even though the dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette may be more harmful.

Until there is clear evidence of the e-cigarette's safety, it is recommended that the industry's marketing and promotional activities be banned and closely monitored, and public campaigns be initiated to educate the public regarding e-cigarettes.

Summary

Citations

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