1Department of Big Data Strategy, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
2Institute for Future Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
4Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
5Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest associated with the material presented in this paper.
FUNDING
This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant No. HI18C0446).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: Kim YE, Jung YS, Ock M, Yoon SJ. Data curation: Kim YE, Ock M. Funding acquisition: Yoon SJ. Methodology: Kim YE, Jung YS, Ock M, Yoon SJ. Project administration: Jung YS. Visualization: Ock M. Writing – original draft: Kim YE, Ock M. Writing – review & editing: Kim YE, Jung YS, Ock M, Yoon SJ.
Study | Title | Type of healthy life expectancy | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|
Kwon et al., 2002 [7] | A study of disability adjusted life expectancy (DALE) using national health interview survey in Korea | Disability-free life expectancy | The disability-free life expectancy for 1999 was 72.5, 69.5, and 75.3 y in total, for men, and for women, respectively |
Kang et al., 2008 [26] | An estimation of health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Koreans | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | The quality-adjusted life expectancy of men and women was 67.49 and 69.61 in 2005, respectively |
Lee et al., 2016 [27] | Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Korea: 2005-2011 | Disability-adjusted life expectancy | The disability-adjusted life expectancy at age 0 between 2005 and 2011 increased by 1.4 and 1.2 y for men (from 64.4 to 65.8 y) and women (from 67.7 to 68.9 y), respectively |
Kim et al., 2017 [11] | Chronic disease-free life expectancy of middle-aged and elderly Koreans between 2005 and 2010 | Disease-free life expectancy | The life expectancy at age 40 in 2005 was 39 y; Out of 39 y, about 19 y (about half of the remaining years) are expected to be lived without suffering from chronic diseases |
Kwon et al., 2017 [30] | Health life expectancy in Korea based on sample cohort database of National Health Insurance Services | Disease-free life expectancy | Based on the mortality and morbidity estimated from the sample cohort database, men and women in Korea are expected to live a ‘healthy life (disease-free life)’ for 61 and 60 y in 2013, respectively |
Jo et al., 2018 [15] | The trends in health life expectancy in Korea according to age, gender, education level, and subregion: using quality-adjusted life expectancy method | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | From 2005 to 2013, the quality-adjusted life expectancy of Koreans tended to steadily increase; the annual percent changes of quality-adjusted life expectancy in men and women were 0.73 and 0.71, respectively |
Lim et al., 2020 [29] | Income-related inequality in quality-adjusted life expectancy in Korea at the national and district levels | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | The life expectancy of Koreans increased from 79.86 to 82.10 (a 2.2 y increase), while quality-adjusted life expectancy increased from 75.19 to 76.09 (a 0.9 y increase) between 2008 and 2014 |
Kim et al., 2021 [28] | The gaps in health-adjusted life years (HALE) by income and region in Korea: a national representative big data analysis | Disability-adjusted life expectancy | The disability-adjusted life expectancy in Korea was 68.89 y in 2008, increasing to 70.43 y in 2018, an increase of 1.54 y over 10 y (average 0.15 y per year) |
Age (A) | Years in interval (B) | Linearity adjustment (C) | Probability of dying (D) | Individuals surviving (E) | Deaths in interval (F) | Years lived in (G) | Cumulative years lived (H) | Life expectancy at age (I) | YLD rate (J) | Disability adjusted years lived (K) | Cumulative disability adjusted years lived (L) | DALE at age (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.00306 | 100 000 | 306 | 99 725 | 7 850 753 | 78.5 | 0.925 | 92 225 | 6 757 036 | 67.6 |
1-4 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.00082 | 99 694 | 82 | 398 580 | 7 751 028 | 77.7 | 0.899 | 358 496 | 6 664 810 | 66.9 |
5-9 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00064 | 99 612 | 64 | 497 902 | 7 352 448 | 73.8 | 0.939 | 467 587 | 6 306 314 | 63.3 |
10-14 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00060 | 99 548 | 60 | 497 593 | 6 854 546 | 68.9 | 0.955 | 475 119 | 5 838 727 | 58.7 |
15-19 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00150 | 99 489 | 149 | 497 071 | 6 356 953 | 63.9 | 0.931 | 462 752 | 5 363 607 | 53.9 |
20-24 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00237 | 99 340 | 235 | 496 109 | 5 859 882 | 59.0 | 0.933 | 462 884 | 4 900 855 | 49.3 |
25-29 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00307 | 99 104 | 304 | 494 760 | 5 363 773 | 54.1 | 0.912 | 451 042 | 4 437 971 | 44.8 |
30-34 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00418 | 98 800 | 413 | 492 967 | 4 869 013 | 49.3 | 0.897 | 442 054 | 3 986 928 | 40.4 |
35-39 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00578 | 98 387 | 569 | 490 513 | 4 376 047 | 44.5 | 0.878 | 430 549 | 3 544 875 | 36.0 |
40-44 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.00932 | 97 818 | 912 | 486 812 | 3 885 534 | 39.7 | 0.861 | 419 057 | 3 114 326 | 31.8 |
45-49 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.01491 | 96 907 | 1445 | 480 920 | 3 398 722 | 35.1 | 0.839 | 403 461 | 2 695 269 | 27.8 |
50-54 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.02297 | 95 462 | 2193 | 471 826 | 2 917 802 | 30.6 | 0.809 | 381 714 | 2 291 808 | 24.0 |
55-59 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.03311 | 93 269 | 3088 | 458 624 | 2 445 975 | 26.2 | 0.778 | 356 873 | 1 910 094 | 20.5 |
60-64 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.04785 | 90 181 | 4315 | 440 116 | 1 987 351 | 22.0 | 0.752 | 331 028 | 1 553 220 | 17.2 |
65-69 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.07182 | 85 866 | 6167 | 413 911 | 1 547 235 | 18.0 | 0.746 | 308 596 | 1 222 192 | 14.2 |
70-74 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.12433 | 79 699 | 9909 | 373 721 | 1 133 324 | 14.2 | 0.771 | 288 175 | 913 596 | 11.5 |
75-79 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.20975 | 69 790 | 14 638 | 312 353 | 759 603 | 10.9 | 0.801 | 250 091 | 625 422 | 9.0 |
80-84 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.33821 | 55 151 | 18 653 | 229 125 | 447 250 | 8.1 | 0.831 | 190 501 | 375 331 | 6.8 |
85-89 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.50302 | 36 499 | 18 360 | 136 594 | 218 125 | 6.0 | 0.886 | 121 054 | 184 830 | 5.1 |
90-94 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.66734 | 18 139 | 12 105 | 60 433 | 81 531 | 4.5 | 0.782 | 47 273 | 63 776 | 3.5 |
95-99 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.80073 | 6034 | 4832 | 18 091 | 21 098 | 3.5 | 0.782 | 14 152 | 16 503 | 2.7 |
≤100 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.00000 | 1202 | 1202 | 3006 | 3006 | 2.5 | 0.782 | 2351 | 2351 | 2.0 |
Study | Title | Type of healthy life expectancy | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|
Kwon et al., 2002 [7] | A study of disability adjusted life expectancy (DALE) using national health interview survey in Korea | Disability-free life expectancy | The disability-free life expectancy for 1999 was 72.5, 69.5, and 75.3 y in total, for men, and for women, respectively |
Kang et al., 2008 [26] | An estimation of health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Koreans | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | The quality-adjusted life expectancy of men and women was 67.49 and 69.61 in 2005, respectively |
Lee et al., 2016 [27] | Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Korea: 2005-2011 | Disability-adjusted life expectancy | The disability-adjusted life expectancy at age 0 between 2005 and 2011 increased by 1.4 and 1.2 y for men (from 64.4 to 65.8 y) and women (from 67.7 to 68.9 y), respectively |
Kim et al., 2017 [11] | Chronic disease-free life expectancy of middle-aged and elderly Koreans between 2005 and 2010 | Disease-free life expectancy | The life expectancy at age 40 in 2005 was 39 y; Out of 39 y, about 19 y (about half of the remaining years) are expected to be lived without suffering from chronic diseases |
Kwon et al., 2017 [30] | Health life expectancy in Korea based on sample cohort database of National Health Insurance Services | Disease-free life expectancy | Based on the mortality and morbidity estimated from the sample cohort database, men and women in Korea are expected to live a ‘healthy life (disease-free life)’ for 61 and 60 y in 2013, respectively |
Jo et al., 2018 [15] | The trends in health life expectancy in Korea according to age, gender, education level, and subregion: using quality-adjusted life expectancy method | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | From 2005 to 2013, the quality-adjusted life expectancy of Koreans tended to steadily increase; the annual percent changes of quality-adjusted life expectancy in men and women were 0.73 and 0.71, respectively |
Lim et al., 2020 [29] | Income-related inequality in quality-adjusted life expectancy in Korea at the national and district levels | Quality-adjusted life expectancy | The life expectancy of Koreans increased from 79.86 to 82.10 (a 2.2 y increase), while quality-adjusted life expectancy increased from 75.19 to 76.09 (a 0.9 y increase) between 2008 and 2014 |
Kim et al., 2021 [28] | The gaps in health-adjusted life years (HALE) by income and region in Korea: a national representative big data analysis | Disability-adjusted life expectancy | The disability-adjusted life expectancy in Korea was 68.89 y in 2008, increasing to 70.43 y in 2018, an increase of 1.54 y over 10 y (average 0.15 y per year) |
DALE, disability-adjusted life expectancy; YLD, years lost due to disability.