- Classification of Healthy Family Indicators in Indonesia Based on a K-means Cluster Analysis
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Herti Maryani, Anissa Rizkianti, Nailul Izza
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):234-241. Published online May 5, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.497
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 Abstract
Summary
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- Objectives
Health development is a key element of national development. The goal of improving health development at the societal level will be readily achieved if it is directed from the smallest social unit, namely the family. This was the goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach. The objective of the study was to analyze variables of family health indicators across all provinces in Indonesia to identify provincial disparities based on the status of healthy families.
Methods
This study examined secondary data for 2021 from the Indonesia Health Profile, provided by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and from the 2021 welfare statistics by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). From these sources, we identified 10 variables for analysis using the k-means method, a non-hierarchical method of cluster analysis.
Results
The results of the cluster analysis of healthy family indicators yielded 5 clusters. In general, cluster 1 (Papua and West Papua Provinces) had the lowest average achievements for healthy family indicators, while cluster 5 (Jakarta Province) had the highest indicator scores.
Conclusions
In Indonesia, disparities in healthy family indicators persist. Nutrition, maternal health, and child health are among the indicators that require government attention.
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Summary
Key Message
This paper explores disparities in family health status across provinces using cluster analysis
with the K-means approach applied to 10 family health indicator variables. Secondary data
analysis was used from the 2021 Indonesian Health Profile and statistics on people’s welfare.
The study identified five distinct clusters, each with different characteristics. Papua and West
Papua demonstrate the lowest average level in terms of healthy family indicators, whereas DKI
Jakarta shows the greatest indicator level. To eliminate the disparities, the government should
prioritize the following indicators: maternal health, infant health, and nutrition.
- Associations Between Parental Depression and Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
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Ika Saptarini, Anissa Rizkianti, Prisca Petty Arfines, Suparmi , Iram Barida Maisya
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(6):451-460. Published online November 10, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.158
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4,701
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Abstract
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 Supplementary Material
- Objectives
This study aimed to determine the associations between parental depression and early childhood development among children aged 36 months to 59 months in Indonesia.
Methods
From Indonesia’s Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2018, this study included 6433 children aged 36 months to 59 months and their parents. Maternal and paternal depression was examined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview survey instrument, which was previously translated into Indonesian. The study also used the Early Child Development Index to measure child development and its 4 domains (cognitive, physical, socio-emotional, and learning). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between parental depression and early childhood development.
Results
Overall, 10.3% of children aged 36 months to 59 months were off-track for development. After adjusting for biological, parental, and social characteristics, children born to parents with depression were found to be 4.72 times more likely to be off-track for development (95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 12.15).
Conclusions
Children of depressed parents were more likely to be off-track for development. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis and timely intervention for parental depression to promote early childhood development.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Modeling of maternal behavior to improve the development of children under five based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB)
Ida Nursanti, Bhisma Murti, Sri Mulyani
Social Sciences & Humanities Open.2025; 11: 101283. CrossRef - Impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the development of 18-months-old children
Mariana Lacerda Gontijo, Janaína Matos Moreira, Thiago Rosental Silva, Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2022; 10: 100401. CrossRef
- Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey
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Anissa Rizkianti, Iram Barida Maisya, Nunik Kusumawardani, Christine Linhart, Jerico Franciscus Pardosi
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):323-331. Published online August 7, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.028
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8,713
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Abstract
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- Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS).
Methods
The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors.
Results
Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision.
Conclusions
These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.
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Summary
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version
Rahmi Lubis, Zahrotur R. Hinduan, Ratna Jatnika, Baydhowi Baydhowi, Hendriati Agustiani
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors Related to Sexual Intercourse Among Korean Middle and High School Students
Joohee Shim, Jihyun Baek, Seungwoo Han
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Investigation of the Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Sexual Health Behaviours of University Students
Şahika ŞİMŞEK ÇETİNKAYA, Esra DEMİRARSLAN
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 11(2): 425. CrossRef - Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Reproductive Health Issue of Adolescents in Rural area, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
JM Seno Adjie, Andrew Pratama Kurniawan, Raymond Surya
The Open Public Health Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - A second demographic transition in Indonesia?
Ariane Utomo, Aris Ananta, Diahhadi Setyonaluri, Calvin Aryaputra
China Population and Development Studies.2022; 6(3): 288. CrossRef
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