Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Global Trends in Childhood Sexual Abuse and Bullying Victimization in 204 Countries: A Comprehensive Analysis From 1990 to 2019: Nasrin Borumandnia, Mohammadamin Sabbagh Alvani, Payam Fattahi, Mahmood Reza Gohari, Yashar Kheirolahkhani, Hamid Alavimajd; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):530-539. Published online August 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.007

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Objectives
No comprehensive analysis has yet been published regarding global trends in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV). The present study offers a longitudinal perspective on their prevalence worldwide.
Methods
CSA and BV rates were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, spanning the years 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries. Trends by gender, region, and human development index (HDI) were examined.
Results
For both boys and girls, and in both high-HDI and low-HDI countries, CSA rates did not significantly change from 1990 to 2019 (p>0.05). However, BV rates increased significantly in high-HDI and low-HDI countries for both genders (p<0.001). Subsequently, we analyzed trends separately by gender across all countries, without considering development level. In this analysis, CSA rates among girls decreased from 1990 to 2000, followed by an increasing tendency after 2000; overall, an upward trend was evident between 1990 and 2019 (p=0.029). In contrast, no significant pattern was observed for boys. Notably, BV demonstrated an increasing trend across all regions when HDI was not considered (p<0.05), with African populations experiencing the most pronounced rise (p<0.001). Globally, boys consistently exhibited higher BV rates than girls.
Conclusions
Our research indicates that, on a global scale, rates of CSA among girls have been rising. Additionally, BV rates have increased in all regions for both boys and girls. Notably, this trend in BV rates is occurring irrespective of HDI. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions in areas with high rates of CSA and BV.

Summary

Key Message
This study analyzes global trends in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV) from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries. Results indicate a significant rise in BV rates globally, with boys consistently exhibiting higher rates than girls. While CSA rates among girls show an upward trend, no significant change is observed for boys. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address CSA and BV worldwide.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Shadows of doubt: Ambivalent acknowledgment of abuse and identification with the aggressor
Edna Porat-Moeller, Anastasia Keidar, Lee Gafter, Yael Lahav
Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 163: 107401. CrossRef

Associations of Workplace Violence With Cardiovascular Disease Among United States Workers: Findings From a National Survey: Zheyu Hu, Jian Li; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):368-376. Published online July 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.032

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Recent research indicates a potential association between workplace violence and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the working-age population. However, the relevant evidence in the United States is sparse. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the possible relationship between workplace violence and CVD among United States workers.
Methods
We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, which included a representative sample of 18 380 workers, to investigate the associations between workplace violence and the prevalence of CVD using logistic regression. Workplace violence was determined based on self-reported threats, bullying, or harassment at work over the past 12 months, supplemented with additional information regarding frequency. CVD included all forms of heart disease and stroke.
Results
A total of 1334 workers reported experiences of workplace violence, and 1336 workers were diagnosed with CVD. After adjustment for covariates, participants who reported any instance of workplace violence had significantly higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.30) than those who reported no such violence. Furthermore, the highest odds of CVD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.63) were observed among those frequently exposed to workplace violence. Even occasional exposure to workplace violence was associated with 74% excess odds of CVD.
Conclusions
Our study indicates an association between workplace violence and CVD in United States workers, exhibiting a dose-response pattern.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

El efecto de los factores psicosociales laborales sobre el estrés y bienestar de trabajadores de restaurantes y bares de México
Claudia Saldaña Orozco, Oscar Iván Gutiérrez-Carvajal, Jean David Polo-Vargas, Guadalupe Montserrat Ibarra Rentería, Leidy Alejandra Franco
Cuadernos de Administración.2024; 40(80): e2213596. CrossRef

Social Intelligence Counseling Intervention to Reduce Bullying Behaviors Among Thai Lower Secondary School Students: A Mixed-method Study: Samith Jueajinda, Orapin Stiramon, Chatchai Ekpanyaskul; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(5):340-351. Published online August 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.110

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188 Download
5 Web of Science
9 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
To develop and investigate the effectiveness of an integrative counseling intervention for enhancing social intelligence and reducing bullying behaviors among lower secondary school students in Bangkok, Thailand.
Methods
An interventional mixed-method design was employed in 2 phases. Phase 1 involved the development of a qualitative method-based integrative counseling program from key informants using the eclecticism technique. In phase 2, a randomized controlled trial with a wait-list control was conducted and qualitative research was performed with students who demonstrated bullying behaviors. Demographic data, Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) scores, and Bullying-Behavior Scale (BBS) scores were collected at baseline. Changes in SIS scores and qualitative findings obtained from in-depth interviews were examined after counseling ended, and BBS scores were collected again 1 month later.
Results
The developed social intelligence counseling program included eight 1-hour weekly sessions consisting of 3 components: (1) social awareness, (2) social information processing, and (3) social skills. After receiving this intervention, scores for the SIS overall (p<0.001) and all of its components (p<0.05) were significantly enhanced in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, the mean BBS scores in the experimental group significantly decreased 1 month after counseling (p=0.001). With regard to the qualitative research results, the experimental students demonstrated improvements in all components of social intelligence.
Conclusions
The results indicated that a preventive counseling program may enhance social intelligence, decrease bullying behaviors among lower secondary school students, and prevent further incidents of school violence. However, further studies in various population subgroups should also be performed.

Summary

Citations

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Liangqi Shen, Shan Jiang, Shilin Tan
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Panita Kleawaom, Vineekarn Kongsuwan, Weena Chanchong
Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research.2025; 29(2): 384. CrossRef
Model for social intelligence and teachers’ innovative work behavior: serial mediation
Rita Aryani, Widodo Widodo, Susila Susila
Cogent Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
МЕТОДИ РОЗВИТКУ META SKILLS У ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE, SELF-MANAGEMENT, INNOVATION, EMPLOYABILITY
І.К. Лядський
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Iyus Yosep, Ai Mardhiyah, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Indra Maulana
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Louise Lambert, Mohsen Joshanloo, Meg A. Warren, Kayla Christiani, Tim Lomas, Brettjet Cody, Intisar Al Sabah, Ali El Chalabi, Gaya Kruchlik
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Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Hanie Dameshghi, Hamideh Bidel, Reyhane Sefidkar, Milad Abbasi, Ehsan Abouee, Mahdi Jafari Nodoushan
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School Violence, Depressive Symptoms, and Help-seeking Behavior: A Gender-stratified Analysis of Biethnic Adolescents in South Korea: Ji-Hwan Kim, Ja Young Kim, Seung-Sup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):61-68. Published online January 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.060

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169 Download
19 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
In South Korea (hereafter Korea), the number of adolescent offspring of immigrants has rapidly increased since the early 1990s, mainly due to international marriage. This research sought to examine the association between the experience of school violence and mental health outcomes, and the role of help-seeking behaviors in the association, among biethnic adolescents in Korea.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data of 3627 biethnic adolescents in Korea from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Based on the victim’s help-seeking behavior, adolescents who experienced school violence were classified into three groups: ‘seeking help’ group; ‘feeling nothing’ group; ‘not seeking help’ group. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between the experience of school violence and depressive symptoms for males and females separately.
Results
In the gender-stratified analysis, school violence was associated with depressive symptoms in the ‘not seeking help’ (odds ratio [OR], 7.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.76 to 13.23) and the ‘seeking help’ group (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.73 to 4.44) among male adolescents after adjusting for potential confounders, including the nationality of the immigrant parent and Korean language fluency. Similar associations were observed in the female groups. However, in the ‘feeling nothing’ group, the association was only significant for males (OR, 8.34; 95% CI, 2.82 to 24.69), but not females (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.18 to 3.28).
Conclusions
This study suggests that experience of school violence is associated with depressive symptoms and that the role of victims’ help-seeking behaviors in the association may differ by gender among biethnic adolescents in Korea.

Summary

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Psychology in the Schools.2019; 56(8): 1301. CrossRef
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