Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Article

Association Between Serum Trace Elements and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Iranian Adults: Multiple-exposure Models: Habibolah Khazaie, Samaneh Nakhaee, Zohreh Manoochehri, Omran Davarinejad, Ayoob Rezaei, Borhan Mansouri, Adele Elahi, Saba Kakaei; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(5):498-508. Published online August 8, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.904

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
The association between trace elements and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains an active area of research, and further studies are needed to clarify these relationships. This study examined correlations between serum essential trace element concentrations and polysomnography-confirmed OSA.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included patients recruited from the Sleep Disorders Center of Farabi Hospital in western Iran. Participants were classified as patients with OSA (n=54) or controls without OSA (n=45).
Results
Iron (Fe) levels were significantly higher in participants with OSA than in controls (p=0.04). Higher Fe levels were associated with greater odds of OSA (p for trend=0.02). Participants in the fourth Fe quartile had higher odds of OSA than those in the lowest quartile, although this association was of borderline statistical significance (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 10.00; p=0.06). In contrast, participants in the second and third magnesium (Mg) quartiles had lower odds of OSA than those in the first quartile (Q2: OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.96; Q3: OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.82). In the generalized weighted quantile sum regression model, the association between the metal mixture and OSA was not statistically significant (β=–0.22, p=0.59).
Conclusions
Serum concentrations of selected micronutrients may be associated with OSA. The findings suggested a positive association between higher Fe concentrations and OSA, whereas intermediate Mg concentrations were associated with lower odds of OSA.; Summary

Special Article

The Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster in Korea: Implications for Preventive Medicine and Public Health: Sue K. Park, Woojin Lim, Dong-Wook Lee, Mina Ha, Chang Hyun Lee, Hae-Kwan Cheong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(4):337-342. Published online July 21, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.248

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Abstract Summary PDF: The humidifier disinfectant disaster in Korea was one of the most severe environmental health disasters of recent decades. It showed that indoor household chemical products used in daily life can cause fatal health effects at the population level when inhalation risks are not adequately assessed before marketing. The disaster also reaffirmed the central role of epidemiology in detecting emerging environmental health threats and guiding public health responses. Fifteen years after the disaster was recognized, major challenges remain, including defining the full spectrum of health damage, providing compensation, and ensuring long-term support. The Special Act on Remedy for Damage Caused by Humidifier Disinfectants, fully amended in 2026, represents an important institutional advance. By explicitly defining the joint liability of the state and relevant companies, the amended Act reflects a shift toward a more public, state-administered system of compensation and health support. This disaster also highlights the roles of public health professionals in generating epidemiological evidence on delayed or newly recognized diseases and sequelae, applying that evidence in clinical and policy contexts, and establishing life-course–based lifelong health management programs. For the 2026 comprehensive amendment to produce meaningful progress, continued efforts are needed to clarify long-term health effects and refine health data–based surveillance systems so that scientific evidence can be translated effectively into policy.; Summary

Korean summary
가습기살균제 참사로 인한 지연성 및 다계통 건강영향을 규명하고, 역학적 근거를 배상과 장기 지원으로 연결하는 데에는 여전히 해결해야 할 과제가 남아 있다. 본 논문은 국가와 기업의 책임, 포용적 배상, 건강데이터 기반 감시체계, 생애주기별 건강관리를 강조하면서, 참사의 정책적 교훈과 2026년 「가습기살균제 피해구제를 위한 특별법」 전부개정의 함의를 검토한다. 이러한 체계의 강화는 예방의학과 공중보건이 사후적 재난 대응을 넘어 향후 환경보건 위기의 사전 예방으로 나아가는 데 기여할 수 있다.

Key Message
Unmet needs remain in identifying delayed and multisystem health effects from the humidifier disinfectant disaster and translating epidemiological evidence into compensation and long-term support. This article reviews the disaster’s policy lessons and the implications of the 2026 full amendment of the Special Act, emphasizing state–corporate responsibility, inclusive compensation, health-data–based surveillance, and life-course health management. Strengthening these systems can help preventive medicine and public health move from post-disaster response toward proactive prevention of future environmental health crises.

Brief Report

Primary Healthcare Utilization of Undocumented Migrants in Busan, South Korea: A Retrospective Chart Review of a Free Clinic From 2020 to 2024: Yujin Lee, Hyunjin Moon, Saerom Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(4):421-427. Published online July 9, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.037

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study examined healthcare utilization patterns and health needs among undocumented migrants attending a free clinic in Busan, South Korea.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinical records from 750 undocumented migrants who made 2111 clinic visits between 2020 and 2024. The primary outcome was the number of clinic visits. Diagnoses were classified using the International Classification of Primary Care, Second Edition. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression, with nationality specified as a random intercept, was used to model visit counts and to assess interaction effects between gender and other variables.
Results
Cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were the most prevalent conditions, with chronic diseases accounting for a substantial proportion of clinic visits. In multivariable analysis accounting for gender-based effect modification (model 2), older age was significantly associated with increased visit frequency (β=0.030; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.014 to 0.045, p<0.001). The association between chronic disease and visit frequency differed significantly by gender (gender×chronic disease interaction, β=0.488; 95% CI, 0.053 to 0.924, p=0.028). Linear combination testing indicated that men with chronic diseases visited the clinic 1.9 times as frequently as men without chronic disease, whereas chronic disease status showed little association with visit frequency among women.
Conclusions
Undocumented migrants attending the free clinic experienced a substantial burden of chronic disease, and healthcare utilization patterns differed by gender. These findings highlight the need for inclusive healthcare policies and targeted interventions for this population.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2020?2024년 부산 소재 무료진료소를 방문한 미등록 이주민 750명의 진료기록 2111건을 후향적으로 분석하여 일차의료 이용 양상을 파악했다. 고혈압·당뇨병·이상지질혈증 등 만성질환이 전체 방문 사유의 45.5%를 차지했으며, 혼합효과 음이항 회귀분석 결과 연령이 높을수록 방문 빈도가 증가했고 성별과 만성질환 간 상호작용이 유의했다. 공적 의료보장에서 배제된 미등록 이주민의 의료필요를 파악하는 데에 단일 진료소의 의료이용 분석은 제한적인 정보를 제공할 뿐이며, 한국에서 함께 살아가는 이주민들의 건강과 의료접근성 개선을 위한 학술적 노력이 지속되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

Key Message
This retrospective study analyzed 2111 visits by 750 undocumented migrants attending a free clinic in Busan, South Korea (2020–2024). Chronic diseases—hypertension, diabetes, and lipid disorder—accounted for 45.5% of visit reasons, and mixed-effects negative binomial regression showed that visit frequency increased with age, with a significant interaction between gender and chronic disease. Although analysis of healthcare utilization at a single clinic provides only limited information on the healthcare needs of undocumented migrants excluded from public healthcare coverage, continued scholarly efforts appear warranted to improve the health and healthcare access of migrants living as part of Korean society.

Perspective

Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5), the Exposome, and Cumulative Health Risk: A Life-course Perspective: Sarawut Sangkham, Piyanuch Lonan, Narongsuk Munkong, Arthid Thim-Uam, Worradorn Phairuang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(4):432-436. Published online July 1, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.219

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Abstract Summary PDF

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5; aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, its health effects are often evaluated within single-exposure frameworks, limiting causal inference and reducing the translational relevance of evidence for policy development. In this study, we reconceptualise PM_2.5 within the exposome framework by integrating external exposures, internal biological responses, and structural determinants of health across the life course. PM_2.5 comprises a complex and dynamic mixture of pollutants from ambient and household sources, including biomass combustion, traffic emissions, and industrial activities. After inhalation, PM_2.5 particles can penetrate the respiratory tract, and finer fractions may enter the systemic circulation, where they induce oxidative stress, inflammation, epigenetic dysregulation, and endocrine disruption. These mechanisms contribute to a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancers. The multi-level and temporally accumulated nature of these effects highlights the limitations of reductionist exposure assessment and underscores the need for integrative, systems-based approaches. Integrating cumulative impact assessment with exposome-wide approaches that leverage satellite, clinical, land-use, urban planning, and socioeconomic data can improve the characterization of context-specific cumulative health effects. Positioning PM_2.5 as a sentinel indicator of cumulative environmental risk provides a unifying framework for exposome-informed science and supports the development of more precise, equitable, and policy-relevant interventions.

Summary

Key Message
This perspective considers PM 2.5 as a sentinel marker of cumulative environmental risk within the context of the exposome. The integration of external exposures, biological responses, and social determinants across the life course can help us understand chronic disease development. Moreover, this approach may facilitate more comprehensive, equitable, and policy-relevant environmental health strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Beyond mass and concentration: Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of damage-oriented environmental performance for air pollution and greenhouse gases
Jia Wang, Guiwen Liu, Pengpeng Xu
Building and Environment.2026; 305: 115248. CrossRef

Original Articles

Social Networking Service Usage Behaviors and Loneliness Among Adults in Seoul, Korea: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study: Kang Seo, Kun-Hee Oh, Baek-Yong Choi, Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Seok-Yoon Son, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Taehoon Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(4):381-391. Published online June 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.024

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Although social network services (SNS) are prevalent globally, the relationship between SNS use and loneliness remains complex, particularly regarding qualitative behavioral patterns. This study examined associations between specific SNS behaviors and loneliness among Seoul adults and explored differences by age and digital literacy.
Methods
Data from the 2024 Seoul Survey were analyzed (n=34 142; mean age, 52.3 years). Loneliness was assessed with 2 items measuring isolation in family and non-family relationships. Five SNS behavioral domains were examined: active use, information-seeking use, communication priority, social comparison, and exclusionary feeling. Digital literacy was dichotomized using an 8-item scale, with scores ≥6 considered high. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted associations.
Results
Overall SNS use was associated with lower odds of loneliness than non-use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.98). However, higher odds were observed for specific SNS behaviors compared with non-use: active use (aOR, 1.24), communication priority (aOR, 1.26), social comparison (aOR, 1.50), and exclusionary feeling (aOR, 1.66); information-seeking use was not significant (aOR, 1.11). A dose–response pattern peaked at 3 problematic behaviors (aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.65). Associations between SNS behaviors and loneliness were stronger among adults aged ≥60 years and participants with high digital literacy.
Conclusions
Although overall SNS use was associated with modestly lower odds of loneliness, qualitative SNS engagement—particularly problematic behaviors—was strongly associated with higher odds. Older adults and participants with high digital literacy appeared particularly vulnerable when performing problematic SNS behaviors, underscoring the need for behavior-focused, population-tailored education and interventions.; Summary

Korean summary
기존 연구는 SNS 이용량에 주로 주목해, 어떤 이용 방식이 외로움과 관련되는지는 분명하지 않았다. 서울 성인 34,142명에서 SNS 이용자는 비이용자보다 외로움 오즈가 다소 낮았으나, 일상 공유·온라인 소통 우선·사회적 비교·소외감을 보이는 이용자는 오히려 높았고 세 가지가 겹칠 때 가장 높았다. 이 경향은 60세 이상과 기능적 디지털 문해력이 높은 집단에서 더 뚜렷했으므로, 외로움 예방은 SNS 이용 여부가 아니라 이용 방식과 자기조절 역량을 다루어야 한다.

Key Message
Most population evidence treats social network service (SNS) use as a matter of quantity, leaving unclear which qualitative patterns of engagement matter for loneliness. In 34 142 Seoul adults, any SNS use was associated with slightly lower odds of loneliness, whereas self-presentation, prioritizing online contact, social comparison, and feeling excluded were each associated with higher odds - peaking when three such behaviors co-occurred, and strongest in adults aged 60 years or older and in those with high functional digital literacy. Loneliness prevention should therefore address how people use SNS, and digital education should cultivate self-regulation rather than technical skill alone.

National Trends in Healthcare Quality in Korea: A Multidimensional Assessment Using OECD Health Care Quality Indicators (2008–2023): Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Sang-A Cho, Hyemin Jung, Youngs Chang, Jieun Yun, Sanghyun Cho, Un-Na Kim, Hye Yeon Koo, Eun Byul Cho, Do Hee Kim, Jin Yong Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(3):225-238. Published online May 20, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.233

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Assessing healthcare quality at the national level is essential for evaluating health system performance and identifying areas requiring improvement. This study examined long-term trends in healthcare quality in Korea from 2008 to 2023 using internationally comparable indicators.
Methods
We conducted a trend analysis of healthcare quality in Korea using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Health Care Quality and Outcomes framework and quality indicators. Indicators across multiple domains, including acute care, primary care, prescribing in primary care, mental healthcare, and patient experiences, were analyzed and compared with OECD averages.
Results
Healthcare quality in Korea improved across several domains. Thirty-day mortality for acute myocardial infarction decreased from 14.2% in 2008 to 10.2% in 2023, while mortality for ischemic stroke declined from 8.7% to 5.5%. Avoidable hospitalizations decreased substantially, with hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease declining by 59.7%. The proportion of patients with diabetes receiving cholesterol-lowering treatment increased from 44.1% to 82.5%. However, the proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions remained substantially higher than the OECD average (40.3 vs. 15.5%). In mental healthcare, excess mortality ratios increased from 4.3 in 2010 to 4.9 in 2023 for schizophrenia and from 3.5 to 4.3 for bipolar disorder, while post-discharge suicide rates showed little improvement. Patient experience indicators related to patient-physician communication improved and approached OECD averages.
Conclusions
Healthcare quality in Korea improved substantially between 2008 and 2023, particularly in acute care outcomes and chronic disease management. However, persistent challenges remain in areas such as antibiotic use, polypharmacy, and mental healthcare. These findings provide internationally comparable evidence to inform future health policy and healthcare quality improvement efforts.; Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 OECD Health Care Quality Indicators(HCQI)를 활용하여 2008년부터 2023년까지 한국 의료의 질 변화를 주요 OECD 국가와 비교·분석하였다. 분석 결과, 한국의 급성기 치료 성과(급성심근경색과 허혈성·출혈성 뇌졸중의 30일 사망률)와 만성질환 관리 수준(천식·만성폐쇄성폐질환·심부전·당뇨병의 입원율 감소와 당뇨병 환자의 적절한 약물치료 증가)은 전반적으로 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 광범위 항생제 사용, 고령층 다약제 처방, 중증 정신질환자의 초과사망 및 퇴원 후 자살률 등은 여전히 OECD 평균 대비 취약한 영역으로 나타나, 지속적인 질 관리와 정책 개선이 필요하다.

Key Message
This study analyzed changes in healthcare quality in Korea from 2008 to 2023 compared with major OECD countries using the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators (HCQI). Acute care outcomes and chronic disease management improved overall, including reduced 30-day mortality for acute myocardial infarction and stroke and lower hospitalization rates for major chronic diseases. However, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, polypharmacy among older adults, excess mortality among patients with severe mental illness, and post-discharge suicide rates remained worse than the OECD average, highlighting the need for continuous quality improvement and policy reform.

Spatio-temporal Distribution and Relative Risk of Dengue Fever in Peninsular Malaysia: Mohamad Afiq Amsyar Hamedin, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mohd Rahim Sulong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(4):364-372. Published online May 17, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.035

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Dengue fever remains a major public health concern in Malaysia, with marked spatial heterogeneity and evolving temporal dynamics. Although the incidence of dengue has increased substantially in recent years, district-level risk patterns and their changes over time remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of dengue risk in Peninsular Malaysia.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of dengue surveillance data was conducted using district-level monthly case counts from 2022 to 2024. Dengue risk was modeled with Bayesian spatio-temporal models incorporating spatial effects, temporal effects, and space–time interaction terms. Spatial variation was modeled using the Besag–York–Mollié 2 specification, while temporal trends were modeled using a first-order random walk. Competing models were compared using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe–Akaike information criterion (WAIC). Relative risk (RR) and exceedance probability maps were generated from the best-fitting model.
Results
Dengue incidence increased markedly after 2022, with incidence rates nearly doubling in 2023 and remaining high in 2024. Incidence maps showed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with persistent high-incidence districts concentrated in urban and peri-urban regions. Spatio-temporal models incorporating space–time interaction substantially outperformed the additive model, with lower DIC and WAIC values. The best-fitting model identified the highest RRs in districts within Selangor, while several districts in Penang, and Johor had high posterior probabilities of elevated risk [P(RR>1)>0.8].
Conclusions
This study demonstrates substantial spatial heterogeneity and evolving temporal dynamics in dengue risk across Peninsular Malaysia. Bayesian spatio-temporal disease mapping provides robust, localized, time-specific estimates of dengue risk and may support targeted surveillance and intervention in endemic settings.; Summary

Key Message
This study mapped district-level dengue risk across Peninsular Malaysia from 2022 to 2024 using Bayesian spatio-temporal models. Dengue incidence nearly doubled in 2023 and remained high in 2024, with the greatest relative risks concentrated in districts within Selangor and additional districts in Penang and Johor showing high probabilities of elevated risk. These findings demonstrate how relative risk and exceedance probability mapping can support more targeted dengue surveillance, vector control, and resource allocation.

Contribution of Medication Expenditures to Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Iran: An Inequality Analysis: Abdoreza Mousav, Rajabali Daroudi, Ali Akbari Sari, Masoomeh Gholami, Saeed Mohammadpour, Ali Akbar Fazaeli; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(3):298-307. Published online May 14, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.025

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) is a well-established indicator of financial risk protection. This study aimed to examine the contribution of medication expenditure to CHE and the associated socioeconomic inequalities.
Methods
Data were drawn from 6 nationally representative income and expenditure surveys covering the period 2019–2024. Using the budget share method, CHE was defined as out-of-pocket (OOP) health payments exceeding 25% of a household’s total consumption expenditure. The contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was then calculated as the difference in the proportion of households experiencing CHE with and without medication payments. Socioeconomic inequalities were quantified using the Concentration Index (CI), and decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the primary drivers of overall socioeconomic inequality in the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE.
Results
During the study period, medications represented a substantial share of household health expenditures and contributed to CHE. In 2024, OOP spending on medications accounted for 31.2% of total health expenditures, while the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was 1.28%. The CI indicated that the contribution of medication expenditures to CHE was concentrated among poorer households. Decomposition analysis further identified medium-sized households, male-headed households, households with employed heads, insured households, and urban households as the main contributors to this socioeconomic inequality.
Conclusions
In Iran, OOP payments for medications constitute a substantial share of household healthcare expenditures and contribute to CHE. Because the roots of inequality extend beyond the healthcare system, addressing this issue requires a comprehensive, cross-sectoral strategy that integrates broader social and economic policies.; Summary

Key Message
• Medications are a major component of out-of-pocket health expenditures in Iran. In 2024, they accounted for 31.2% of total health spending and contributed 1.28% to catastrophic health expenditures. • This burden is disproportionately concentrated among poorer households. • Addressing this issue requires policy actions beyond the health sector and stronger cross-sectoral strategies to improve financial risk protection.

Exploring Factors Influencing Decisions to Withdraw Treatment in Iranian Patients With Metastatic Cancer: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study: Faezeh Abadi, Mostafa Bijani, Esmat Nouhi, Camelia Rohani; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(3):267-277. Published online April 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.872

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The decision to withdraw treatment in patients with metastatic cancer is a complex and emotionally charged process influenced by multiple interrelated factors. Despite its significant clinical and ethical implications, this phenomenon remains insufficiently explored through qualitative inquiry. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing decisions to withdraw treatment among patients with metastatic cancer.
Methods
A qualitative study using conventional content analysis was conducted. Fourteen patients with metastatic cancer were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data organization was facilitated using MAXQDA software.
Results
The analysis yielded 1 main theme (“Finding the meaning of life, and freedom from cycles of suffering”), 4 categories, and 15 subcategories. The overarching theme suggests that understanding life’s meaning enables patients to situate their illness within a broader existential purpose, thereby affirming life’s intrinsic value beyond mere physical survival. The 4 categories were social and family influences, physical health factors, psychological determinants, and divine and spiritual beliefs.
Conclusions
This study outlines a multilevel approach to improving end-of-life care. At the clinical level, holistic nursing assessments are needed to guide transitions to palliative care. At the institutional level, implementing structured protocols with multidisciplinary support and financial counselling is essential. At the national level, policies should ensure universal health coverage and promote cultural acceptance of dignified treatment withdrawal. These findings provide actionable insights for healthcare administrators and policymakers and offer a foundation for strategies aimed at reducing barriers and improving access to supportive care services.

Summary

Key Message
This qualitative study with the conventional content analysis method explored the factors influencing treatment withdrawal decisions in 14 Iranian patients with metastatic cancer. The results revealed one overarching theme: “Finding the meaning of life and freedom from the cycles of suffering,” along with 15 subcategories and four main categories: “social and family influences,” “physical health factors,” “psychological determinants,” and “divine and spiritual beliefs.” These findings provide practical insights for healthcare administrators and policymakers to develop strategies for mitigating barriers and enhancing access to supportive care services for this vulnerable population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Why Do Cancer Patients Decide to Withdraw Their Treatment? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Faezeh Abadi, Esmat Nouhi, Mostafa Bijani, Camelia Rohani
Cancer Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

The Effect of an Educational Program Based on Orem’s Self-care Model on Treatment Adherence, Self-care Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients in Iran: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: Samira Rezaei, Mostafa Bijani, Azizallah Dehghan, Zhila Fereidouni; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(3):249-257. Published online December 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.727

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Patients undergoing hemodialysis encounter a wide range of complex challenges, underscoring the essential role of self-care in disease management. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an educational intervention grounded in Orem’s self-care model for enhancing treatment adherence, self-care behaviors, and quality of life among hemodialysis patients in southern Iran.
Methods
This single-blind randomized controlled trial included 120 hemodialysis patients who met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Data were collected between April 2023 and August 2023 at 2 university-affiliated teaching hospitals located in southern Iran. After providing informed consent, participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n=60) or the control group (n=60) through a simple randomization procedure. Three psychometrically robust instruments were used to collect data: the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, and the Self-Management Behavior Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23, and p-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
At baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in the mean scores of the measured variables. However, immediately following the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up, the intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements across all 3 variables.
Conclusions
The findings underscore the effectiveness of an educational program based on Orem’s self-care model in significantly improving self-care behaviors, treatment adherence, and quality of life among hemodialysis patients.; Summary

Key Message
Patients undergoing hemodialysis encounter a wide range of complex challenges, underscoring the essential role of self-care in disease management. The findings underscore the effectiveness of an educational program based on Orem’s self-care model in significantly improving self-care behaviors, treatment adherence, and quality of life among hemodialysis patients. The results of this trial carry implications for clinical practice and health policy. It is recommended that contemporary educational methodologies—particularly those grounded in well-established nursing theories such as Orem’s model—be systematically integrated into nursing curricula. Additionally, structured training workshops emphasizing the clinical utility and outcomes of Orem-based self-care education should be incorporated into hospital-based educational programs.

Exposure to Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes and Risk of Depression: A Cross-sectional Study of a National Sample of Korean Adults: Hyun-Wook Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Bomi Park, Wanhyung Lee, Weon-Young Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(1):95-104. Published online November 6, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.522

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are co-occurring neurotoxicants that are structurally similar aromatic hydrocarbons sharing common metabolic pathways and mechanisms of toxicity. This study investigated the effects of BTEX exposure on depression and aimed to identify the primary contributors to depression risk.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1733 adults from the 2020–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BTEX exposure was quantified based on urinary metabolite concentrations: S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) for benzene, benzylmercapturic acid for toluene, the sum of phenylglyoxylic acid and mandelic acid for ethylbenzene, and methylhippuric acid for xylenes. Depression was defined according to self-reported physician diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk associated with individual chemicals, while weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was employed to assess mixture effects and identify the primary toxicant. Sensitivity analyses were performed to address potential confounding by tobacco smoke.
Results
Urinary SPMA concentrations were significantly higher in individuals with depression. Logistic regression revealed a significant association between SPMA levels and depression (odds ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 5.13). Although the overall BTEX mixture was not significantly associated with depression after covariate adjustment in WQS models, SPMA consistently emerged as the major contributor. The association between SPMA and depression remained robust in sensitivity analyses excluding participants exposed to tobacco smoke.
Conclusions
Benzene exposure was associated with an increased risk of depression in the general Korean adult population. Therefore, strengthened environmental regulations on benzene could help reduce the public health burden of depression.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2020–2021년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 한국 성인에서 요중 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌 대사체 농도와 우울증 위험 간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 벤젠의 대사체인 요중 S-phenyl-mercapturic acid는 우울증 위험 증가와 연관성을 보였다. 흡연 요인을 제외한 민감도 분석에서도 연관성은 일관되게 유지되어, 벤젠 노출 저감을 위한 환경적 관리 강화가 우울증 예방에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Key Message
This study investigated the association between urinary metabolites of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene and depression risk among Korean adults, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2020–2021. The findings indicated a significant association between urinary S-phenyl-mercapturic acid, a metabolite of benzene, and an increased risk of depression. This association remained robust after excluding smoking factors, underscoring the potential benefits of improved environmental management in reducing benzene exposure to prevent depression.

Citations

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Sensitivity of Urinary Toxicant Co-Exposure Patterns to Demographic Adjustment and Marker Type: A Methodological Analysis
Basant K. Puri, Jean A. Monro
Toxics.2026; 14(7): 546. CrossRef

Systematic Review

Digital Technologies in Hospital Pharmacy: A Systematic Review of Their Impact on Efficiency, Safety, and Inventory Management: Eka Pranata Bagus Abimanyu, Satibi , Dwi Endarti; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(1):1-11. Published online October 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.495

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Objectives
Digital transformation in hospital pharmacies is a strategic priority to improve medication safety, optimize inventory management, and streamline dispensing. Although healthcare digitalization has been widely studied, evidence of its impact on key performance indicators within hospital pharmacy operations remains limited. This review consolidates available evidence on how digital technologies affect hospital pharmacy performance, focusing on dispensing time, medication safety, and inventory practices.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for English-language studies (2014–2024) conducted in general, academic, or tertiary hospitals. Eligible interventions included automation technologies (e.g., automated dispensing cabinets, robotic dispensing), digital systems (e.g., computerized physician order entry, electronic prescribing), or hybrid platforms. Outcomes included measures of dispensing efficiency, medication safety, and inventory management. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data.
Results
Of 319 records, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria, spanning Saudi Arabia, the United States, Denmark, Iran, Jordan, Australia, and France. Most reported improvements in dispensing efficiency, safety (through lower error rates), and inventory control. Secondary gains included streamlined workflows and higher staff satisfaction. Challenges included resource-intensive implementation, workflow disruption, technological downtime, interoperability issues, and reliance on user compliance. Operational gains did not always yield measurable clinical benefits such as reduced morbidity or length of stay.
Conclusions
Digital technologies can improve efficiency, safety, and inventory control in hospital pharmacies; however, their success depends on institutional readiness, infrastructure, and human factors. Robust studies are needed to evaluate long-term impacts, cost-effectiveness, and implementation strategies.

Summary

Key Message
Digital technologies such as automated dispensing cabinets, electronic prescribing, barcode medication administration, and robotic systems can substantially improve dispensing efficiency, medication safety, and inventory control in hospital pharmacies. This systematic review shows consistent reductions in dispensing time, medication errors, stock-outs, and expired drugs across diverse healthcare settings. However, the benefits of digitalization depend on institutional readiness, adequate infrastructure, staff training, and sustained user compliance, highlighting the need for context-sensitive implementation strategies.

Citations

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Emerging advancements and expanding technological scope of education and practices in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences
Jaleh Barar, Karen Fiano, Matthew Seamon, Benedict Albensi, Nile Khanfar, Yadollah Omidi
BioImpacts.2026; 16: 33047. CrossRef
Drug Inventory Management in a Pharmacy Store of a Tertiary Care Hospital Using Always Better Control (ABC) and Vital, Essential, and Desirable (VED) Analysis
Gopiga Ilango, Anandabaskar Nishanthi, Vivekraj Navabalan, Vimala Ananthy, Shanthi Manickam, Chandrakumar Suryakumar
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pharmacy inventory management practices and constraints in Asia-Pacific hospitals: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Wuan Shuen Yap, Wing Loong Cheong, Li Ling Yeap
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Impact of COVID-19 on the Profitability of General Hospitals in Korea: Jun Young Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Suk-Yong Jang, Sang Gyu Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(1):46-55. Published online September 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.303

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study was performed to quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital profitability in Korea by analyzing changes in the medical revenue-to-profit ratio (MRPR) and net income before reserve fund allocation (NIBR) before and after the pandemic onset. Additionally, it examined how financial outcomes varied by hospital ownership, geographic location, and type (secondary or tertiary), providing insights into the financial resilience of various hospital types during public health crises.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal analysis using publicly available financial disclosure data from 243 general hospitals in Korea (2016–2022). We then performed a quadrant analysis to classify hospitals based on changes in MRPR and NIBR, identifying patterns of financial impact. For inferential analysis, we employed linear mixed-effects models incorporating a difference-in-differences framework, enabling estimation of both time-varying and hospital-specific effects.
Results
Following the onset of COVID-19, MRPR declined significantly, reaching −10.62% in 2020. NIBR initially dropped but later increased, reaching 21.09 billion Korean won per 100 beds in 2022. Quadrant analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in financial responses, with national/public hospitals experiencing the most severe MRPR decline, whereas educational foundation and medical corporation hospitals displayed stronger financial recovery. Regression results confirmed significant interactions between outcomes after COVID-19 onset and hospital ownership type, indicating differential financial impacts across hospital categories.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the uneven financial effects of COVID-19 on Korean hospitals, emphasizing the importance of targeted government financial support. Policy measures should prioritize structural financial reforms to ensure hospital sustainability beyond short-term crisis management.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2016–2022년 국내 종합병원 243개소의 재무자료를 활용하여 COVID-19 팬데믹이 병원 수익성에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 팬데믹 이후 의료수익 대비 이익률은 전반적으로 감소한 반면, 정부 지원 등의 영향으로 적립금 차감 전 순이익은 증가하는 이중적 양상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 영향은 병원 소유 형태와 규모에 따라 상이하게 나타났으며, 공공병원의 재무적 취약성이 두드러졌다.

Key Message
Using longitudinal financial data from 243 Korean general hospitals (2016–2022), this study examined the impact of COVID-19 on hospital profitability. Medical revenue-to-profit ratios declined markedly after the pandemic onset, while net income before reserve fund allocation increased, reflecting substantial heterogeneity by ownership and hospital type. These findings highlight the need for targeted and structurally differentiated financial support policies to strengthen hospital resilience during future public health crises.

Prevalence and Severity of Depression Among Patients With Anemia Attending a Rural Outpatient Clinic in Faridabad, India: A Cross-sectional Study: Prince , Urvashi , Rajat Sharma, Jubair Shamsi, Satya Vir Singh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):629-634. Published online August 9, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.363

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was performed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among patients previously diagnosed with anemia and to explore associated clinical and socio-demographic factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to February 2025, among 300 patients with anemia attending the outpatient clinic at the Rural Health Training Centre, Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad, Haryana. Data on socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Associations of anemia severity with depression presence and severity were analyzed using the chi-square test, logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score>9) among patients with anemia was 31.3%. Severe anemia was significantly associated with higher odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 8.07; p=0.027) and more severe depression (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.14 to 7.27; p=0.026). Symptoms such as weakness (aOR, 3.57) and shortness of breath (aOR, 2.71) were also significantly associated with depression. Moderate anemia displayed a non-significant trend.
Conclusions
Severe anemia is independently associated with both the presence and severity of depression. Routine mental health screening should be integrated into anemia management protocols, especially in rural healthcare settings.; Summary

Key Message
Anemia is a common problem in India, whereas there is a growing awareness about mental health issues like depression. This study was conducted at a Rural Health Training Centre in India, to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression among patients with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 31.3% (PHQ-9 score > 9), and severe anemia was associated with higher odds of depression and more severe depression. Our study indicated a need of routine mental health screening in patients with anemia.

Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated With Depression in College Students in Hokkaido, Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study: Atsushi Mizumoto, Reiya Tsuji, Kotomi Echizen, Yuichi Takata; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):581-588. Published online July 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.186

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Although studies have demonstrated a decline in mental health during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the long-term psychological effects remain insufficiently understood. This study conducted a web-based questionnaire survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido, Japan, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 187 participants who responded to a questionnaire administered in April 2022 were included in this study. The survey evaluated depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and included items on exercise habits, sleep duration, food frequency score (FFS), World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), daily step count, part-time job participation, and involvement in club activities.
Results
The mean CES-D score was 18.2±9.9, with 95 participants (50.8%) exhibiting symptoms of depression. Compared to those in the depression group, participants in the non-depression group were significantly more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs, as well as higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that, even after adjusting for confounding variables, the WHO-5 score, FCV-19S score, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression scores.
Conclusions
Almost half of the participants showed symptoms of depression. These symptoms were associated with poor exercise habits and lack of part-time employment, among other factors. Among college students who had experienced more than 2 years of the pandemic, engaging in part-time work may have reduced social isolation and helped lower the risk of depression.; Summary

Key Message
This study conducted a web-based survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with students in the depression group, those without depression were more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs and had higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression showed that WHO-5, FCV-19S, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression after adjustment. Among students who had experienced more than two years of the pandemic, part-time employment may have reduced social isolation and lowered the risk of depression.

Association Between Disability and Participation in Sports or Physical Activities: Evidence From a Chilean Population-based Survey: Renzo Gianmarco Avila-Terrones, Leslie Paulina Quiroga-Morales, J. Jhonnel Alarco; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):599-608. Published online July 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.249

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the association between disability and participation in sports or physical activity during the past month among individuals in Chile.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Second National Disability Study (ENDISC II) of Chile. The dependent variable was defined as participation in sports or physical activity in the last month, while the independent variable was disability status, as determined by the ENDISC II methodology. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The analysis included data from 12 236 Chilean participants. Individuals with mild or moderate disability were 54% more likely to participate in lower levels of sports or physical activity (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.87). Those with severe disability exhibited a 73% increased likelihood (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.52) compared to individuals without disabilities, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors.
Conclusions
In Chile, individuals with disabilities participated less frequently in sports or physical activity during the past month than those without disabilities.

Summary

Key Message
This study analyzed national data from Chile to examine the relationship between disability and participation in sports or physical activity. Individuals with disabilities, particularly those with severe limitations, were significantly less likely to engage in physical activity than those without disabilities, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. These findings highlight a critical public health gap and underscore the need for inclusive and accessible physical activity strategies to reduce inequalities.

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Riding toward inclusion: the journey of adapted cycling
Stephanie Sorraghan, Sally Logan, Valerie Watchorn, Dion Williams, Danielle Hitch, Joanne M. Watson, Kathryn Aedy, Therese Dogra, Pearse Fay, Matthew Haanappel, Aarti Shukla, Glen Lebeau, James Little, John McKenna, Kerry Townsend, Kate L. M. Anderson
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Perspective

Towards Mental Health Equity: Task Shifting Strategy to Overcome Barriers in Primary Healthcare Services in India: Suganya Panneerselvam, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Sanjana Agrawal; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):548-551. Published online June 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.144

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Abstract Summary PDF: Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. According to the National Mental Health Survey of India, 10.6% of adults exhibit mental disorders. India ideally requires 3 psychiatrists per 100 000 population, yet the current ratio is only 0.7 per 100 000. The country thus faces an urgent need to strengthen mental health infrastructure and expand training programs. Vulnerable groups—particularly residents of rural and remote areas, women, and older adults—are disproportionately affected by this situation. Individuals with mental illness often suffer in silence, enduring human rights violations, stigma, and discrimination. India’s National Mental Health Programme seeks to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all, with a focus on the most vulnerable and underserved populations. The World Health Organization recommends task shifting or task sharing to improve access and deliver healthcare services in remote areas. Community Health Officers (CHOs) and Accredited Social Health Activists use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders. CHOs then ensure continuity of care through regular follow-up, bridging the gap between diagnosis and ongoing treatment. This practice significantly augments the effectiveness of community-level mental health interventions. Integrating mental health into primary health care should facilitate earlier detection and treatment of mental health disorders.; Summary

Key Message
Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. Stigma associated with these disorders exacerbates the problem, leading to social discrimination. The Ayushman Bharat initiative is a transformative step towards strengthening India’s healthcare system. CHOs and ASHAs use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders within their communities. This task-shifting approach empowers local communities and fosters participation, reducing disease burden and offering a sustainable, effective model.

Original Articles

Asthma Exacerbation in Indonesia: Analysis of Mental, Socio-demographic, Behavioral, and Biological Risk Factors Using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research: Siti Isfandari, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Miharja; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):250-259. Published online May 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.719

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbations impacting quality of life. Although risk factors for asthma exacerbation (AE) have been identified, data specific to Indonesia remain scarce. We investigated risk factors for AE among Indonesian adolescents and adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 National Health Survey was conducted, including Indonesian participants aged 15 and older with diagnosed asthma. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for AE.
Results
A total respondents aged 15 years or older were 706 689 participants. The prevalence of asthma was 2.6% (18 574 participants). Among individuals with asthma, 59.7% experienced exacerbation, and 21.4% reported symptoms indicating emotional distress (ED). Both ED and diagnosed heart disease (DHD) were linked to increased odds of AE, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.37) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38), respectively. Being diagnosed with asthma at age 15 or older was associated with an aOR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.45 to 1.66). Those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) also faced comparatively high risk (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52). In contrast, physical activity was inversely related to AE (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81).
Conclusions
ED, DHD, lower SES, and later-onset asthma were identified as significant risk factors for AE. This underscores the need for comprehensive asthma management strategies that prioritize mental health, cardiovascular health, and early intervention. Addressing these factors could substantially reduce the burden of AE in Indonesia. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the causal relationships involved and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.; Summary

Key Message
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbation impacting individual quality of life. Emotional distress, diagnosed heart disease, asthma diagnosis after the age of 15 years, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation, while physical activity was not. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health comorbidities, encouraging physical activity, and considering socioeconomic disparities when developing asthma management strategies. Educating patients about asthma and its triggers can reduce exacerbations and improve disease control. Since asthma severity differs across individuals and age groups, clinicians must regularly monitor patients and adjust treatment as needed.

Mobile App-based Care Management Training to Improve Family Caregiver Competence in Caring for Children With HIV in Indonesia: A Quasi-experimental Study: Nyimas Heny Purwati, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir, Mutmainah , Dhea Natashia, Amelia Hartika Rani, Dwi Budiyati, Agus Setiawan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):516-526. Published online May 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.789

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Family caregivers play a crucial role in the care of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, they frequently face limitations in knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Mobile application (app)-based training may offer an effective solution to enhance caregiver competence. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mobile app-based care management training in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of family caregivers caring for children with HIV.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design, including pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, was conducted at a national referral hospital for infectious diseases in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study involved 44 respondents, divided equally into intervention and control groups (22 per group). The intervention group received mobile app-based training, while the control group received conventional caregiver education. Questionnaires assessing caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in managing children with HIV were utilized. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results
Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the intervention group experienced significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and skills from pretest to posttest, which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up (p<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not exhibit significant changes in any of these variables (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) throughout the study period.
Conclusions
Mobile app-based care management training significantly enhances caregiving competencies among family caregivers of children with HIV. These findings underscore the potential of digital technology as an innovative and sustainable approach for caregiver training in various healthcare settings, supporting the long-term effectiveness of educational interventions.

Summary

Key Message
This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile app-based care management training for family caregivers of children with HIV in Indonesia. The intervention significantly improved caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest that digital health tools can empower caregivers, enhance pediatric HIV care, and provide a scalable model for supportive training in resource-limited settings.

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Digital health promotion strategies to increase HIV testing uptake among key populations: a scoping review
Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir, T. Widya Naralia, Hesti Rahayu, Eny Dewi Pamungkas, Raphita Diorarta, Agus Setiawan, Rian Adi Pamungkas, Zainuddin Zainuddin
Cadernos de Saúde Pública.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Longitudinal Effects of Life Satisfaction on Smoking Status of Korean Adult Men: Baksun Sung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):388-395. Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.664

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The prevalence of smoking among adult men remains high in Korea. Additionally, life satisfaction can influence health behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of life satisfaction on smoking status among Korean adult men.
Methods
This study utilized panel data from wave 1 (2005) to wave 12 (2016) of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. Life satisfaction was measured using 8 variables, representing satisfaction with leisure, social relations, family relations, health, job, family income, residential environment, and overall life. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the causal relationship between life satisfaction and smoking status.
Results
Over the 11-year follow-up period, improved leisure satisfaction was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; p<0.01). In contrast, greater satisfaction with social relations was linked to an increased hazard (HR, 1.23; p<0.05). Improved satisfaction with family relations was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (HR, 0.84; p<0.05).
Conclusions
Certain life satisfaction variables appear to influence the incidence of smoking among Korean adult men.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국복지패널(2005년-2016년)을 이용해서 20세 ~ 64세 한국 성인 남성들의 삶의 만족도가 흡연여부에 미치는 종단적 효과를 분석하였다. 11년 동안 추적조사 한 결과, 다양한 삶의 만족도 변수들에 따라 흡연위험이 다르다는 것이 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 여가생활 만족도 또는 가족관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 감소하였다. 대조적으로, 사회관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 증가하였다. 이러한 인과관계들은 한국의 사회문화적 요소들과 얽혀 있는 것으로 추정된다.

Key Message
This longitudinal study's results demonstrated that over the 11-year follow-up period (2005-2016), the risk of smoking varied between different types of life satisfaction among Korean adult men (aged 20-64 years). Specifically, the risk of smoking decreased as satisfaction with leisure or family relations improved. In contrast, the risk of smoking increased as social relations satisfaction improved. Socio-cultural factors appear intertwined with these causal relationships.

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Association between smoking cessation duration and heated tobacco product use among people who formerly or never used combustible cigarettes in Korea
Eunsil Cheon, Sung-il Cho
Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Exposure of Volunteer Traffic Assistants to PM_2.5 From Transportation in Indonesia: An Environmental Health Risk Analysis: Iwan Suryadi, Juherah Juherah, Siti Rachmawati, Nurlaila Fitriani, Muhammad Kahfi, Syahrul Basri; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):379-387. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.004

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) from motor vehicle emissions has increased air pollution, negatively affecting both the environment and human health. This study aims to evaluate the concentration of fine particulate matter, assess associated health risks, and simulate the spatial distribution of PM_2.5.
Methods
PM_2.5 samples were collected from 36 key congestion points along the main roads of Makassar City. Measurements were taken for one hour during the morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to estimate non-carcinogenic health risks. A total of 175 volunteer traffic assistants participated in the study. Spatial analysis was performed using the kriging method.
Results
The highest recorded PM_2.5 concentration was 65 µg/m³ on Hertasning Street, while the lowest was 2 µg/m³ on AP Pettarani Street. The average concentration across all locations was 23.20 µg/m³. Although PM_2.5 levels remained below Indonesia’s regulatory limit of 65 µg/m³, they exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 15 µg/m³. The highest HQ value was 12.94, and the lowest was 0.22. The spatial analysis showed a direct correlation between higher pollutant concentrations and congested areas.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the HQ for PM_2.5 exceeds the acceptable standard (HQ>1), signifying a health risk that increases with frequent exposure. Effective air quality management strategies—including the use of masks, promotion of green transportation, and expansion of green open spaces—are essential to reduce pollutants and minimize health risks, especially for individuals with regular exposure.

Summary

Key Message
This study evaluates the exposure of volunteer traffic assistants to PM2.5 pollution from transportation in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting significant health risks. PM2.5 concentrations in high-traffic areas exceed WHO guidelines, leading to increased risks of respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and neurological disorders. The research underscores the importance of air pollution control measures, such as adopting cleaner transportation, increasing green spaces, and promoting public awareness. Effective strategies are crucial to preserving quality of life, protecting heart health, and reducing long-term health impacts, particularly for individuals regularly exposed to high levels of urban pollution.

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Management of Urban Air Quality: Evaluating the Sequestration Potential of Green Infrastructure Against Domestic Transportation Emissions
Muhammad Mahfuzh Huda, Susana Elmira Uba Lamadoken, Wahyu Atiq Widiantoro, Dwi Fitrianingsih, Raely Harza Wiltianza Wiltianza
Industrial and Domestic Waste Management.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Vulnerability Assessment and Enhanced Community-based Care and Management of Patients With Tuberculosis in Korea: A Crossover Design: Jeongmi Seo, Dawoon Jeong, In-Hyuk Lee, Jiyeon Han, Yunhyung Kwon, Eunhye Shim, Hongjo Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):317-325. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.597

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
People-centered care and social protection are critical for improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether a vulnerability assessment tool, developed for an enhanced community-based care and management (ECCM) program in 2 Korean cities, could predict and improve final TB treatment outcomes based on patients’ vulnerability levels.
Methods
Treatment outcomes in the ECCM group were compared with those in a control group, stratified by vulnerability level. During stage 1, one city served as the intervention region and the other as the control, with a crossover in stage 2. The vulnerability assessment included all notified patients with TB, and those identified as highly vulnerable in the intervention group received social support following a consultation with a case manager.
Results
The vulnerability assessment tool demonstrated moderate predictive ability for unfavorable outcomes, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.77). The patients with high vulnerability who received ECCM treatment demonstrated a 19.8-percentage point (%p) higher treatment success rate than the high vulnerability subcategory of the control group. ECCM also appeared to reduce loss to follow-up and TB-related mortality by 8.4%p and 7.3%p, respectively, although these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Conclusions
The results suggest that providing social support tailored to patient vulnerability at the time of diagnosis could improve TB treatment outcomes.

Summary

Korean summary
결핵 진단 시점의 임상적, 사회적, 그리고 결핵 관련 취약성 평가는 부정적인 치료 결과를 예측하는 데 유의미한 지표가 될 수 있다. 높은 취약성을 지닌 집단에 대해 지역사회 기반의 맞춤형 사례관리를 시행한 결과, 부정적 치료 결과를 일정 수준 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결핵의 사회적 결정요인과 노년 결핵환자 증가라는 역학적 상황은 지역사회 기반의 사회적 지원을 통해 개선 가능할 것이다.

Key Message
Clinical, social, and tuberculosis-related vulnerabilities assessed at the time of TB diagnosis can serve as meaningful predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes. Community-based, ehnahced case management for highly vulnerable groups has been shown to reduce such negative outcomes to some extent. The social determinants of tuberculosis and the increasing prevalence of TB among the elderly may be addressed through community-based social support.

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Suicide risk in people with tuberculosis in Republic of Korea: a nationwide cohort, 2012–2021
Chiwook Chung, Seung Won Lee, Dawoon Jeong, Hongjo Choi, Hojoon Sohn, Young Ae Kang
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Reduces Mortality Among People Living With HIV in Indonesia: A Retrospective Observational Study: Ifael Yerosias Mauleti, Krishna Adi Wibisana, Djati Prasetio Syamsuridzal, Sri Mulyati, Vivi Lisdawati, Harimat Hendarwan, Ika Saptarini; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):360-369. Published online February 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.622

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Current recommendations for managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) propose that initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) promptly after diagnosis, regardless of CD4 cell count, may decrease illness and mortality risk. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with reduced mortality, including the time to ART initiation after diagnosis with HIV.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the medical records of 326 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) aged 18 years or older who initiated ART at a tertiary hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. We employed Cox regression models to estimate survival and identify mortality predictors, considering variables with p-values less than 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results
From 2018 to 2022, 19.9% of PLHIV initiated ART within 7 days of diagnosis, and 57 participants died. The final multivariable Cox proportional hazards model indicated that earlier ART initiation significantly reduced mortality risk compared with starting ART more than 60 days after diagnosis, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.36 for initiation within 7 days and 0.42 for initiation between 8 days and 60 days. Additional characteristics associated with reduced mortality risk included a CD4 count above 200 cells/mm 3 before ART initiation, a lower World Health Organization clinical stage, and tuberculosis post-exposure prophylaxis.
Conclusions
Earlier ART initiation significantly lowered mortality rates. Furthermore, a pre-ART CD4 count above 200 cells/mm³, a lower clinical stage, and tuberculosis preventive therapy were associated with reduced mortality risk among PLHIV. Future studies should investigate additional predictors of mortality within a prospective cohort study framework.

Summary

Key Message
In a retrospective cohort of 326 people living with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia, rapid ART initiation within 7 days of diagnosis reduced mortality by 64% compared to initiation after 60 days (aHR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14–0.93). Initiating ART between 8 and 60 days conferred a 58% reduction in mortality risk (aHR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.81). Additionally, pre-ART CD4 counts >200 cells/mm³, lower WHO clinical stage, and receipt of TB post-exposure prophylaxis independently predicted improved survival.

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The HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Challenges: Why is HIV Incidence Rising While AIDS Incidence and Mortality are Declining in Brazil?
Henrique Fernando Lopes-Araujo, Maria Carolina Santos Guedes, Wlisses Henrique Veloso Carvalho-Silva, Rafael Lima Guimarães
Journal of Community Health.2026; 51(5): 785. CrossRef
Marginal structural Cox model for estimating the effect of Chinese medicine on the survival of people living with HIV: a 17-year real-world retrospective cohort study
Wanqi Pan, Qianlei Xu, Yanmin Ma, Liran Xu, Huangchao Jia, Dongli Wang, Keying Zhu, Miao Zhang, Juan Wang, Huijun Guo, Yantao Jin
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Exploring the Role of Social Welfare Expenditures in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Korea: Ji-Su Lee, Eun Sil Yoon, Yeongchae Song, Seowoo Park, Young Kyung Do; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):370-378. Published online February 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.403

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the role of community-level social welfare expenditures in depressive symptoms among older adults in Korea, with a particular focus on living arrangements.
Methods
Multi-level data—comprising individual-level data from the 2019 Community Health Survey and regional-level data from the Korean Statistical Information Service—were analyzed using multi-level ordered logistic regression. The dependent variable was the severity of depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, and the primary independent variables were per capita social welfare expenditure, living arrangements, and their cross-level interaction term.
Results
Older adults living alone exhibited more severe depressive symptoms compared to those living with others (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; p=0.006). Higher community social welfare expenditure was significantly associated with reduced depressive symptom severity (OR, 0.73; p=0.019). Moreover, the protective effect of social welfare expenditure was more pronounced among older adults living alone than among those not living alone (OR, 0.92; p=0.046). Social welfare expenditure was highly correlated with social cohesion, which weakened its independent association with depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of community-level social welfare expenditure to mitigate depressive symptoms among older adults, particularly those who live alone. In light of the rising number of older adults living alone, these findings suggest that non-medical interventions, such as enhanced social welfare programs, may help alleviate depression in this vulnerable population. The strong positive correlation between social welfare expenditure and social cohesion also raises further research questions regarding their interrelationship.

Summary

Korean summary
자치단체의 일인당 사회복지 지출이 증가할수록 해당 지역에 거주하는 노인의 우울 증상이 전반적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였고 이러한 연관성은 특히 독거 노인에게서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이 결과는 노인인구 규모 및 독거 노인 비율의 증가가 초래할 수 있는 노인 정신 건강의 부정적 영향을 비의료적, 사회적 개입을 통해 완화할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Key Message
Higher community-level social welfare expenditure was associated with lower severity of depressive symptoms among older adults, with this association more pronounced among those living alone. Given the rising number of older adults living alone, these findings highlight the potential of non-medical, social interventions to alleviate depression in this vulnerable population.

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Social Isolation and Suicidal Ideation Among Older Adults in Korea: The Role of Community Welfare Spending and Community Trust
Bomi Choi, Susanna Joo, Hyoun K. Kim
Research on Aging.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Association Between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Older Adults: Kyu-Taek Lim, Ji-won Choe, Seung-sik Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):103-112. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.569

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study examined the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as assessed by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among Korean older adults.
Methods
Data from 5413 participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. GOHAI scores were categorized as either “poor” (<40) or “not poor” (≥40). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between GOHAI scores and CVD prevalence, with analyses stratified by sex.
Results
Poor GOHAI score was significantly associated with elevated odds of CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.19; p<0.001). This association was stronger in female (OR, 1.36) compared to male (OR, 1.12). Poor oral health is indicative of systemic inflammation and age-related vulnerabilities, underscoring the utility of the GOHAI as an instrument for early identification of CVD risk.
Conclusions
Poor oral health, as measured by the GOHAI, is associated with an increased risk of CVD among older adults, especially female. These findings support the use of the GOHAI as a cost-effective screening tool for the early assessment of CVD risk. Further research is warranted to explore inflammatory biomarkers and sex-specific mechanisms that could inform targeted interventions.

Summary

Korean summary
노년층에서 구강건강 관련 삶의 질(OHRQoL)이 낮을수록 심혈관계 질환(CVD) 위험이 높아지며, 특히 여성에서 더 두드러졌습니다. 본 연구는 노년 구강 건강 평가 지수(GOHAI)를 사용했습니다.

Key Message
Poor GOHAI scores are associated with higher CVD risk, with stronger effects in females. This highlights the potential of GOHAI as an effective tool for early detection and prevention of CVD.

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Oral health-related quality of life in cardiovascular patients- a systematic review
Kamyar Nasiri, Farzaneh Nikfarjam, Ali keshavarzian, Naghmeh shenasa, Wissam Hamid Al-janabi, Radhwan Abdul Kareem, Hayder Naji Sameer, Fateme Moradi
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Breaking the silos: a systematic review of oral health integration strategies for improved oral health and cardiovascular outcomes
Wania Usmani, Charlotte Park, Sharta Ogato, Millicent Raymond, Maximilian Pangratius de Courten, Peter W. Lange, Fahad Hanna
Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea: Exploring the mediating role of oral health-related quality of life
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
GeroScience.2026; 48(5): 6463. CrossRef
Assessment of oral health-related quality of life and its association with periodontal status in geriatric patients
Seval Ceylan Şen, Özlem Saraç Atagün, Gülbahar Ustaoğlu, Zeynep Hazan Yildiz
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Based on Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Status of Older Adults in Gangneung-si
Jin-Sun Choi, Hye-Rim Jeon, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sun-Jung Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, Hye-Young Yoon, Hyo-Jin Lee
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(4): 360. CrossRef

Associations Between Multiple Falls and Mental Health Indices in Korean Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study: Chaelyn Lim, Hyun-Jin Son, Byung-Gwon Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Jiwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):269-277. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.482

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of falls, mental health issues, and health behaviors among older adults, as well as to analyze the association between multiple falls and mental health status in this population.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 Korean Community Health Survey, a nationwide survey organized by region and conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Participants were categorized into no-fall, single-fall, and multiple fall groups based on responses to an index question regarding fall experiences and the number of such incidents reported in the survey. The chi-square test was applied to understand the characteristics of the elderly population in the community. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the association between falls and mental health.
Results
Integrated data analysis revealed that 11.3% of participants experienced a single fall, while 5.7% reported multiple falls. Participants from low-education and low-income backgrounds exhibited relatively high rates of falls. Additionally, non-drinkers and non-smokers reported falls more frequently than their counterparts who consumed alcohol and smoked. Multinomial logistic regression revealed significant associations between multiple falls and mental health factors. In particular, the severity of depression was directly proportional to the likelihood of experiencing multiple falls, with an odds ratio of 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 2.49 to 3.50).
Conclusions
We identified associations between various mental health-related factors—including sleep duration, subjective stress, the presence of depression, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score—and the occurrence of multiple falls.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국의 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 낙상 경험과 정신건강 지표 간의 연관성을 분석한 단면 연구이다. 다회 낙상은 수면 시간, 주관적 스트레스, 우울감, PHQ-9 점수 등 다양한 정신건강 요인과 유의한 관련이 있었으며, 특히 우울증이 심할수록 낙상 발생 위험이 높아지는 경향을 보였다.

Key Message
Multiple falls among Korean older adults were significantly associated with mental health-related factors, including sleep duration, subjective stress, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions targeting both physical and mental health to prevent recurrent falls in the elderly.

Multi-group Causal Model of Mental Health Literacy and Helping Behavior Toward People at Risk of Depression Among Thai and Vietnamese Health Science Students: Anchalee Jansem, Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Charin Suwanwong, Krittipat Chuenphitthayavut, Sudarat Tuntivivat, Khuong Le, Le Thi Mai Lien, Pitchada Prasittichok; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):241-249. Published online January 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.449

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Depression affects 23.3% of Thai and 15.2% of Vietnamese health science students, rates that exceed the global average of 4.4%. This study compared the causal models of mental health literacy and helping behavior toward individuals at risk of depression between these 2 groups.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to October 2023 and included 422 students from Thailand and Vietnam, who were studying medicine, nursing, psychology, and physical therapy. Stratified random sampling was used to select 211 students from each country. Data collection was performed using a Likert scale, which showed total-item correlations ranging from 0.24 to 0.83 and Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.74 and 0.86. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model.
Results
The causal models were consistent with the empirical data. The helping behavior of students toward peers at risk of depression was significantly influenced by their mental health literacy (effect size [ES], 0.91). This influence was also mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77). Collectively, these factors accounted for 83% of the variance in helping behavior. Social support had a more pronounced effect on mental health literacy among Vietnamese students than among their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27, p<0.05). Conversely, positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students than among Vietnamese students (ES, 0.17 vs. 0.01, p<0.05).
Conclusions
The causal models of helping behavior among Thai and Vietnamese health science students exhibited no significant differences. However, improving mental health literacy is crucial, as it significantly impacts helping behavior.

Summary

Key Message
This study compared causal models of mental health literacy (MHL) and helping behavior toward people at risk of depression between Thai and Vietnamese health science students. Findings indicated that MHL significantly impacted helping behavior (effect size [ES], 0.91), mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77), with no significant differences in the overall causal models between groups. However, variations in effects were noted, such as social support having a more pronounced effect on MHL among Vietnamese students than their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27), while positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students (ES, 0.17) than Vietnamese (ES, 0.01).

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Relationship between extraversion and mental health literacy in Chinese adolescents: a chain mediation model
Zhanfang Liu, Fangru Yuan, Jianzheng Du
Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mental Health Literacy, Related Knowledge, and Depression Risk Among Thai Undergraduate Health Science Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Tipvarin Benjanirat, Jatuporn Ounprasertsuk, Jutatip Sillabutra, Khwanruedi Phoowadkean
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychometric validation and predictive efficacy of a comprehensive depression risk model for undergraduates
Xue Liang, Liuying Lu, Qian Liao, Jinghua Long, Bing Wei, Liying Mo, Yiqian Qin, Caixia Lv
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Health and Mental Well-Being of Academic Staff and Students in Thailand: Validation and Model Development
Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Cholvit Jearajit, Hanvedes Daovisan, Phoobade Wanitchanon, Saichol Panyachit, Kanchana Pattrawiwat
Education Sciences.2025; 15(10): 1310. CrossRef

The Relationship Between Park Access and Quality and Various Health Metrics in a Metropolitan Area in South Carolina Using the CDC PLACES Dataset: Jenna Pellizzari, Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Andrew T. Kaczynski; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):208-217. Published online December 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.325

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Limited access to high-quality green spaces could contribute to growing rates of chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. Public parks provide numerous benefits for population well-being. However, past research has shown mixed results regarding the association between proximal parks and residents’ physical and mental health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple health outcomes.
Methods
Seventy-three unique parks within 70 census tracts in 4 cities in South Carolina were analyzed. Data about 7 aspects of park quality (transportation access, facility availability, facility quality, amenity availability, park aesthetics, park quality concerns, neighborhood quality concerns) were collected via on-site observations using the Community Park Audit Tool. Health data for each tract (obesity, no leisure time physical activity, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, depression, poor mental health) were collected from the CDC PLACES dataset. Linear regression analyses examined the association between 10 park access and quality metrics and 8 health metrics, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
All associations were in the unexpected direction except 1 relationship involving mental health. Specifically, positive associations were found between the number of parks and obesity, the number of parks and no leisure time physical activity, transportation access and obesity, and transportation access and high blood pressure. As concerns about neighborhood quality increased, poor mental health status worsened.
Conclusions
This study provides valuable information for public health professionals and researchers. Further research is needed to expand on and elucidate these findings.

Summary

Key Message
Parks can be key components of healthy communities, but more research is needed about how park availability and characteristics affect health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple physical and mental health outcomes. The results were largely mixed, with some positive and some negative relationships; these findings can be expanded upon with further study.

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More Parks Are Linked to Lower Tract-Level Mental Distress in Less-Walkable Neighborhoods: A South Carolina Analysis
Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Jennifer Fillo, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Andrew T. Kaczynski
Ecopsychology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Urban green space dimensions, visit behavior, and mental well-being: A comparative study of Singapore and Hong Kong
Kwan Ok Lee, Alex Hey Yeung
Cities.2026; 171: 106734. CrossRef
Spatially varying associations between a small-area index of livability and mental health outcomes in New York City: A geographically weighted Poisson regression approach
Khushboo Agarwal, Rachel L. Thompson, Glen D. Johnson
Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology.2026; 57: 100806. CrossRef
Linking urban green space characteristics to physical activity: observational evidence from Casablanca
Sammila Andrade Abdala, Filipe Canto Oliveira, Asmae Khattabi, Sanaa Belabbes, Safwane Mouwafaq
Cities & Health.2026; : 1. CrossRef

Prevalence, Sources, and Correlates of Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in India: Farheen Ahmed, Nilesh Gawde, Sulabha Parasuraman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):136-145. Published online December 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.278

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women. This study aimed to address the research gap concerning the prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at home and in public settings among non-smoking pregnant women in India.
Methods
The dataset from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-17), India, was utilised to evaluate the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women both at home and in public spaces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of SHS exposure among this population.
Results
The prevalence of SHS exposure at home was 36.9%, while exposure outside the home was 26.5%. Among non-smoking pregnant women, 10.0% were exposed to SHS on public transport. The risk of SHS exposure at home was significantly higher in the North (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45 to 11.60), Central (aOR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.98 to 10.02), and Northeast (aOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.78 to 9.81) regions compared to the South. Pregnant women aged 25-34 (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.93) and those aged 35 and above (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86), as well as those with secondary (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) or higher education (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58), had lower odds of SHS exposure at home. For SHS exposure outside the home, the North region (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.36), employment status (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.47), and belonging to scheduled tribes (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.25 to 8.21) were associated with higher odds.
Conclusions
The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant non-smoking women was notably high both at home and in external environments.

Summary

Key Message
Our secondary analysis of GATS-2 India data (2016-17) showed that the prevalence of Second-hand Tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home was high (36.9%) among non-smoking pregnant women in India. Among pregnant women, younger age, lower education levels, and residing in the country's North, Central, and Northeast regions were significantly associated with higher odds of SHS exposure at home. Overall, about a quarter (26.5%) of pregnant women reported SHS exposure outside their home. Tribal women, employed ones, and those residing in the North region were at higher risk of SHS exposure outside their homes during their pregnancies.

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Household secondhand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk among never-smoking women: a literature review
Ali Hussein Choker
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Biomarker–questionnaire discordance in secondhand smoke exposure among Korean children: A secondary analysis of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2016-2017 and 2019-2020
Hee-jeong Lee, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Induced Diseases.2026; 24(September): 1. CrossRef

Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study: Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):156-166. Published online November 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.
Results
Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 µg/g to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.
Conclusions
Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.

Summary

Key Message
- Pb and Cd level was not significant difference between e-waste workers and community-dwelling adults. - Pb and Cd can adversely affect symptoms in the MSD and PSQ affects the CNS in e-waste workers. - E-waste workers had a higher chance of having musculoskeletal disorder, central nervous system disorder, and skin disorder problems than community-dwelling adults but a lower chance of having depression and anxiety than community-dwelling adults.

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Estimated Dietary Lead Exposure Through Aquatic Animal Consumption and Health Symptoms in a Lake-Dependent Community: Evidence from Nong Han Lake, Northeast Thailand
Birabongse Hardthakwong, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Panchamapohn Rattanahon, Sribud Srichaijaroonpong, Piyapong Chaiyasarn, Narita Fakkaew, Nutta Taneepanichskul, Ratanee Kammoolkon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2026; 23(7): 899. CrossRef

The Development of an Assessment Instrument for Behavior Toward Hypoglycemia Risk Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia: Putu Rika Veryanti, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Berna Elya, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):31-43. Published online November 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.313

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients’ behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients’ behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.
Methods
The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.
Results
The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.; Summary

Key Message
The development of an assessment instrument for behavior toward hypoglycemia risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia have been carried out. The instrument contains 9 domains, included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times. The instrument developed is valid and reliable.

The Associations Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Problems in Middle-aged Indonesians: Sri Handayani, Siti Isfandari, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Irfan Ardani, Arief Priyo Nugroho, Yunita Fitrianti; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):379-387. Published online July 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.003

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians.
Methods
The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points.
Results
Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.

Summary

Key Message
This study revealed a significant association between physical activity (PA) and mental problems (MHPs) among middle-aged Indonesians. Individuals who engaged in moderate to vigorous PA were less likely to experience MHPs compared to those who did not meet recommended PA levels. This association remained strong after adjusting confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio- demographic factors. Therefore, promoting regular physical activity could be a beneficial strategy for improving mental health status in this population.

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Mind and Motion: A Systematic Review on Physical Activity and Mental Health in Indonesia
Farahdina Bachtiar, Afsana Anwar, Grace McKeon, Holly Seale, Davy Vancampfort, Dicky Pelupessy, Chiara Mastrogiovanni, Simon Rosenbaum
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mapping global research on dance movement therapy and Madya dance: a bibliometric study of mental health and well-being in middle age
Ujang Maulana Yusup, Juju Masunah
Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy.2026; : 1. CrossRef
USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E ANSIOLÍTICOS PÓS PANDEMIA E SEUS IMPACTOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Francivania Silva de Oliveira, Francisca Sabrina Vieira Lins, José Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão, Diego Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo, Rafaela de Oliveira Nóbrega
Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro.2025; 10(1): 1. CrossRef
Domain-specific physical activity and depressive symptoms in Korean adults: An isotemporal substitution study using KNHANES data
Jungmi Park, Hee-Kyoung Nam, Sung-Il Cho, Henri Tilga
PLOS One.2025; 20(12): e0338722. CrossRef
PREVALÊNCIA DO USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E/OU ANSIOLÍTICOS EM PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE UMA ACADEMIA DE TERESINA
Mariana Lima Teixeira, Ivair de Sousa Lima, Luís Felipe Araújo Pereira Lustosa, Paula Lins Gonçalves, Aureliano Machado de Oliveira
Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(12): e7097. CrossRef

Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Indonesia: An Analysis of Data From the 2018 Basic Health Research: Arum Ariasih, Besral , Meiwita Budiharsana, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):388-398. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.082

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues.
Methods
This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a crosssectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.
Results
The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use.
Conclusions
CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.

Summary

Key Message
A significant proportion of women experience common mental disorders (CMDs) during pregnancy (12.6%) and postpartum (10.1%) in Indonesia. Poor health status is the strongest predictor of CMDs in both periods. Other significant factors include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, hypertension history, and smoking. Additional pregnancy-specific factors are first-trimester pregnancy, previous complications, and small upper arm circumference. In contrast, postpartum factors include rural living, abortion history, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications, and contraceptive use. Integrating early diagnosis and management of CMDs into primary healthcare is essential.

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Nutrition and non-nutrition determinants of maternal mental disorders, stress and depression in pregnancy amidst a global pandemic: findings from Action against Stunting Hub Indonesia
Umi Fahmida, Min Kyaw Htet, Amanda Safiera Ameline, Tiffany Cornelia Angelin, Risatianti Kolopaking, Hilary Davies-Kershaw, Elaine L. Ferguson
British Journal of Nutrition.2026; 135(6): 653. CrossRef
Perinatal mental health myths in South Asia: Extending midwives’ perspectives from Pakistan to the Indonesian context
Nur'aini Inayah, Eufrasia Kartika Hanindraputri
Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2026; 122: 105057. CrossRef
Bridging the governance gap in perinatal mental health: Lessons from Indonesia
Neny Ayu Nourmanita, Adam Jamal
Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2026; 125: 105152. CrossRef
Mental disorders in uncomplicated pregnancy: a systematic review
V.O. Zhilin, S.V. Ivanov, Yu.A. Chaika, E.S. Dyadin
S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry.2026; 126(8): 21. CrossRef
Pregnant Women's Depression and Mental Health Knowledge
Lutfatul Latifah, Nina Setiawati, Aprilia Kartikasari, Reza Fajar Amalia, Dian Susmarini, C. Jan, I. Anwer, L. Li, S. Ferse, M. Nishi, P. Puangprakhon
E3S Web of Conferences.2025; 609: 04002. CrossRef
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Adji Suwandono, Busyra
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Bekahegn Girma, Migbar Sibhat, Addisu Getnet, Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot, Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu, Jemberu Nigussie
BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Linda Wati, Amrina Amran, Radian Ilmaskal
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Rawan AlSaad, Alaa Youssef, Sara Kashani, Majid AlAbdulla, Alaa Abd-alrazaq, Salma M. Khaled, Arfan Ahmed, Javaid Sheikh
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Mental Health of Medical Students After Combating the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Duc Minh Cap, Anh Quang Nguyen, Tham Thi Nguyen; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):347-355. Published online May 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.108

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health (MH) symptoms and associated factors among medical students who were engaged in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 4 provinces/cities of Vietnam.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with 580 participants was conducted at a medical university in Northern Vietnam. MH was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, which was previously standardized in Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the association between MH symptoms and relevant factors.
Results
Out of a total of 2703 medical students, 21.5% responded to the questionnaire. Among the 580 respondents, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression included being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Similarly, being female and having a COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of MH symptoms, working more than 8 hr/day, and having a COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
COVID-19 has adversely impacted the MH of medical students. Our findings are valuable in their potential to motivate universities, MH professionals, and authorities to offer mental healthcare services to this group. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for training courses designed to equip future healthcare workers with the skills to manage crises effectively.; Summary

Key Message
This study investigated mental health symptoms among medical students after being involved in combating COVID-19 in Vietnam. Out of 580 participants, depression, anxiety, and stress rates were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression and anxiety were being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of mental health symptoms, working more than 8 hours per day, and having a COVID-19 infection. The study emphasizes the importance of providing psychological support for medical students and the necessity for training programs to enhance crisis management skills.

Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea: Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM_2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM_2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM_2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m³. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM_2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM_2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM_2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM_2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM_2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM_2.5.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.

Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.

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A time-series analysis of the short-term effects of daily PM2.5 exposure on cause-specific mortality in Mashhad, Iran (2019–2024)
Majid Kermani, Ehsan Mosa Farkhani, Fatemeh Joulaei, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Abbas Shahsavani
Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of atmospheric patterns and processes affecting springtime PM10 interannual variability in South Korea
Changok Han, Ahyeong Im, Eungul Lee
Journal of Climate Change Research.2026; 17(2): 363. CrossRef
Personal PM2.5 Exposure Using Time-Weighted Average Scenarios in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Jae-Won Choi, Shin-Young Park, Cheol-Min Lee
Toxics.2026; 14(5): 426. CrossRef
Temporal dynamics of mortality risk from short-term air pollution exposure in Canada: An epidemiological analysis using time-varying non-linear models
Tianyi Pan, Glen McGee, Alex Stringer, Hwashin Hyun Shin
Environmental Research.2026; 305: 124938. CrossRef
Association between annual air pollutant exposure and thyroid function: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Sinyoung Cho, Seo Eun Hwang, Jae Moon Yun, Soon Tae Kim, Yoon Hee Kang, Hyun-Jin Kim, Jin-Ho Park
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Wintertime Trends of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in South Korea, 2012–2022: Response of Nitrate and Organic Components to Decreasing NOx Emissions
Drew C. Pendergrass, Daniel J. Jacob, Yujin J. Oak, Ruijun Dang, Laura Hyesung Yang, Ellie Beaudry, Nadia K. Colombi, Shixian Zhai, Hwajin Kim, Jin‐soo Choi, Jin‐soo Park, Soontae Kim, Ke Li, Hong Liao
Geophysical Research Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of PM2.5 and particle constituents on overall, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Seoul
Oh Beom Kwon, Eun Ju Lee, Myoung Nam Lim, Young Ji Han, Jun Young Ahn, Hye Jung Shin, Jung Min Park, Jeeyoung Kim, Woo Jin Kim
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Symptoms, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Patients After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Hai Nguyen Thanh, Duc Cap Minh, Hien Hoang Thu, Duc Nguyen Quang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):128-137. Published online February 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.511

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to characterize the symptoms, mental health, quality of life (QoL), and associated factors following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 394 participants previously infected with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Mental health was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Participants self-reported health-related QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale.
Results
Among the participants, 76.4% reported experiencing at least one symptom following COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms were fatigue (42.1%), cognitive dysfunction (42.9%), and hair loss (27.9%). According to the DASS-21 results, the proportions of depression, anxiety, and stress were 28.7%, 26.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. The mean scores on the EQ-5D-5L and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were 0.94±0.11 and 84.20±13.11, respectively. Regarding QoL issues, the highest proportion of participants (32.7%) reported experiencing anxiety or depression, followed by pain or discomfort (25.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection included female (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 4.91) and having QoL issues (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.19).
Conclusions
The study investigated the prevalence rates of various symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These findings underscore the need to prioritize comprehensive care for individuals recovering from COVID-19 and to implement strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of the disease on mental health and QoL.

Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional study in Vietnam investigated symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among patients recovering from COVID-19. The study found that most participants experienced post-infection symptoms, with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and hair loss being the most common. Mental health issues were prevalent, and participants reported varying levels of quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive care and strategies to address the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life.

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Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of adolescents living with HIV aged 10–15 years and their families in Vietnam
Khanh Toan Tran, Quynh Trang Pham, An Van Pham, Thi Kim Chuc Nguyen, Huynh Linh Dinh, Tuan Quy Du, Chau Viet Do, Van Lam Nguyen, Thi Loc Nguyen, Kim Dung Khuong, Linus Olson, Mattias Larsson
BMC Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of community psychological first aid guideline in Vietnam
Tran Thuy Khanh Linh, Do Thi Ha, Huynh Tan Son, Nguyen Thanh Hiep, Huynh Thi Phuong, Phan Minh Toan
Discover Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Thanh Hoa Tran, Ngoc Thi Nhu Hoang
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2026; 17(4): 337. CrossRef
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Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi, Akbar Biglarian, Jannike Lie Karlstad, Cathrine Fredriksen Moe, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Khodaei-Ardakani, Samira Behboudi-Gandevani, Shibajee Debbarma
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0312351. CrossRef
Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies
Kidu Gidey, Yirga Legesse Niriayo, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Erica Lubetkin
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Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy
Vincenza Sansone, Silvia Angelillo, Giovanna Paduano, Claudia Pileggi, Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile, Gabriella Di Giuseppe
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Patterns of Health-related Quality of Life in Men Who Inject Drugs: A Survey in Southeast Iran: Marzieh Nojomi, Maysam Rezapour, Neda Soleimanvandi Azar, Mehdi Darabi, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):148-156. Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.379

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life.
Results
This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort.
Conclusions
We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.; Summary

Key Message
People who Inject drugs, as an at-risk population in physical and mental disorders, need support to reduce harm. This study found that the health-related quality of life of these people is affected more by the pain and discomfort dimension. This can be caused by their social exclusion and marginalization. Hence, regular planning is necessary to organize the health status of these people. Due to the hard-to-reach nature of this population, special arrangements such as utilizing peer groups may be effective to provide them with services.

Empowering Rural Housewives in Iran: Utilizing the Transtheoretical Model to Increase Physical Activity: Mahboobe Borhani, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Najme Shahabodin, Ali Mehri, Mohadese Kiani, Marzieh Abedi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):167-175. Published online January 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.457

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives.
Methods
A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21.
Results
The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (<>p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants’ model structures and their stages of change.

Summary

Key Message
The study aimed to investigate strategies for promoting and sustaining regular exercise habits among rural housewives using the transtheoretical model (TTM). A semi-experimental study was conducted with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 in Iran. The intervention group received a comprehensive educational program, and after 6 months, they exhibited significant differences in model structures, stages of change, and body mass index compared to the control group. These findings underscore the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives and suggest that the educational intervention utilizing the TTM substantially impacted the participants' model structures and stages of change.

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Associations between physical activity behavior change stages, objectively measured physical activity during physical education classes, and mental health in Chinese university students
Shuai Ye, Wei Liu, Yang Ma
Mental Health and Physical Activity.2026; 31: 100804. CrossRef
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Tayebeh Rakhshani, Zahra Jalalpour, Mohsen Jafari, Samira Taravatmanesh, Amirhossein Kamyab, Ali Khani Jeihooni
BMC Women's Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Lifestyle interventions to reduce non-communicable disease risk in female secondary school teachers of Islamabad; a quasi-experimental mixed-methods protocol
Zoha Imtiaz Malik, Shaheer Ellahi Khan, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
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The effect of trans-theoretical model stage-matched intervention on medication adherence in hypertensive patients
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Systematic Review

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Suchitra Hudrudchai, Charin Suwanwong, Pitchada Prasittichok, Kanu Priya Mohan, Nopphadol Janeaim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):8-17. Published online December 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.345

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted and adhered to, particularly among high-risk groups of MSM. The meta-analysis aimed to collect and analyze existing evidence on various factors related to PrEP adherence in MSM, including demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, substance use, and psychosocial factors.
Methods
The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search included articles published between January 2018 and December 2022, obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The studies that were included in the analysis reported the proportion of MSM who demonstrated adherence to PrEP and underwent quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results
Of the 268 studies initially identified, only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The findings indicated that education (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.40), number of sexual partners (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.31), engaging in sexual activities with an human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.26), substance use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), and lower levels of depression (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82) were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM.
Conclusions
Despite these findings, further research is necessary to investigate PrEP adherence more comprehensively. The findings of this meta-analysis can be utilized to inform interventions aimed at improving PrEP adherence among MSM and provide directions for future research in this area.

Summary

Key Message
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that factors such as education, number of sexual partners, engagement in sexual activities with an HIV-positive partner, substance use, and lower levels of depression were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM. Healthcare providers and interventions should take these aspects into consideration when developing strategies to promote optimal PrEP adherence and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

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Barriers and Facilitators to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Thai Men Who have Sex with Men in Bangkok: COM-B Model Analysis
Suchitra Hudrudchai, Charin Suwanwong, Thasuk Junprasert
AIDS and Behavior.2026; 30(3): 689. CrossRef
Resource gaps in HIV biomedical prevention for sexual minority men with childhood sexual abuse histories
Roberta E. Emetu, Remi M. C. Larson, Raine Hernandez
Journal of HIV & Social Services.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Where you live matters, but action is personal: insights from multilevel analysis of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, willingness, and use among men who have sex with men in China
Nahom Kiros Gebregziabher, Junfeng Zhang, Qinghua Shang, Qingcui Wu, Zhaoyu Cheng, Hui Gong, Maohe Yu, Zhongdan Chen, Changping Li, Zhuang Cui
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Socio‐economic status and adherence to HIV preventive and therapeutic interventions: exploring the mediating role of food insecurity among men who have sex with men and transgender and non‐binary persons from Brazil
Paula M. Luz, Thiago S. Torres, Victor C. Matos, Giovanna G. Costa, Brenda Hoagland, Cristina Pimenta, Marcos Benedetti, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea G. Veloso
Journal of the International AIDS Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intention to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Age Groups of Brazilian Men Who Have Sex With Men: National Cross-Sectional Study
Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Caique Jordan Nunes Ribeiro, Guilherme Reis de Santana Santos, Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho, Guilherme Schneider, Leticia Genova Vieira, Liliane Moretti Carneiro, Ana Paula Morais Fernandes,
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e58405. CrossRef
Understanding Factors Influencing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among men who have sex with men in Western China: a data-driven exploration using bayesian networks
Qian Wang, Qin Qin, Jiaxiu Liu, Pinyi Chen, Bing Lin, Xiaoni Zhong
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Preferences for Starting Daily, On-Demand, and Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States (2021-2022): Nationwide Online Cross-Sectional Study
Duygu Islek, Travis Sanchez, Jennifer L Glick, Jeb Jones, Keith Rawlings, Supriya Sarkar, Patrick S Sullivan, Vani Vannappagari
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Original Article

Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen, Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Cao Khoa Dang, Minh Tri Phan, Huynh Ho Ngoc Quynh, Van Tuan Le, Chinh Van Dang, Tinh Huu Ho, Van Trong Phan, Thang Van Dinh, Thang Phan, Thi Anh Thu Dang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):37-46. Published online December 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.327

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize mental health issues among Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 990 HCWs in 2021. Their mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.
Results
In total, 49.9%, 52.3%, and 29.8% of respondents were found to have depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model revealed that factors associated with increased anxiety scores included depression scores (β, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.51) and stress scores (β, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52). Factors associated with increased depression scores included being frontline HCWs (β, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.10), stress scores (β, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56), and anxiety scores (β, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.47), while working experience was associated with reduced depression scores (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.01). Factors associated with increased stress scores included working experience (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.16), personal protective equipment interference with daily activities (β, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.00), depression scores (β, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59), and anxiety scores (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.50), while age was associated with reduced stress scores (β, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.05).
Conclusions
Specific interventions are necessary to enhance and promote the mental health of HCWs so they can successfully cope with the circumstances of the pandemic.

Summary

Key Message
A cross-sectional study of 990 Vietnamese healthcare workers in Vietnam, 2021 revealed significant mental health issues: 49.9 % suffered from depression, 52.3 % from anxiety, and 29.8 % from stress. The study found a correlation between these conditions, with frontline workers being particularly vulnerable to depression. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted mental health interventions for healthcare workers, particularly those new to the field and working on the front lines, in order to better manage pandemic-related stressors.

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Sathiyanarayanan Sathiyamoorthi, Vijaya C. R. Aluva, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Navya K. Naidu, M. Shashidhara, Rashmitha Priyadarsini
Indian Journal of Community Medicine.2026; 51(Suppl 3): S573. CrossRef
Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement
Bach Xuan Tran, Taufique Joarder, Vincent Junxiong Pang, Clara Marin Carballo, Hoa Thi Do, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Ngo Van Toan, Shenglan Tang
Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Phuoc Thien Mai, Nah Pi Sa, Triet Dinh Luu, Nam Khoa Ly, Phi Duong Nguyen
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Systematic Review

Adjusting for Confounders in Outcome Studies Using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database: A Review of Methods and Applications: Seung Jin Han, Kyoung Hoon Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):1-7. Published online November 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.250

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included.
Results
Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively.
Conclusions
This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

Summary

Korean summary
건강보험청구자료를 사용한 성과연구에서는 교란요인 통제가 중요하다. 최근 발표된 연구들은 연구설계와 통계 분석 과정에 적절하게 교란요인을 통제하였다. 연구의 질을 높이기 위해서는 건강보험청구자료에서 수집 가능한 교란 요인에 대한 이해와 방법론적 가이드라인이 요구된다.

Key Message
All recently published studies using Health Insurance Claims Database adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies. The review suggests the need for careful application of confounding variables and the methodological guidance to improve the quality of outcome studies.

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Yongseop Lee, Munjeong Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Jaehoon Kim, Min Han, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Joon-Sup Yeom, Sung-In Jang, Jun Yong Choi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2027;[Epub] CrossRef
Affective morbidity after cancer diagnosis: Nationwide incidence and pharmacotherapy patterns across five major cancer types
Daun Shin, Byung-Joo Ham, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
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Reporting Quality for Comorbidity Adjustment in Studies Using Korean Health Insurance Claim Data: A Scoping Review
Kyoung-Hoon Kim
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Socioeconomic Disparities in Post-Discharge Suicide Risk Among Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Minha Hong
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Perspective

Epidemiological Model for Conventional Tobacco Control Measures and Tobacco Endgame Policies: Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):481-484. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.239

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Epidemiological models, also known as host-agent-vector-environment models, are utilized in public health to gain insights into disease occurrence and to formulate intervention strategies. In this paper, we propose an epidemiological model that incorporates both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. Our model suggests that conventional measures focus on relationships among agent-vector-host-environment components, whereas endgame policies inherently aim to change or eliminate those components at a fundamental level. We also found that the vector (tobacco industry) and environment (physical and social surroundings) components were insufficiently researched or controlled by both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. The use of an epidemiological model for tobacco control and the tobacco endgame is recommended to identify areas that require greater effort and to develop effective intervention measures.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 기존의 담배규제와 관련된 역학 모형을 확장하여 담배 수요를 줄이기 위한 조치인 MPOWER 정책과 담배 종결전의 주요 정책을 아우르는 개념적 모형을 제시하였다. 각 정책을 개념적 모형 내 배치한 결과, MPOWER 정책은 모형 내 구성요소 간의 연결을 끊는 것을 목표로 하는 반면, 종결전 정책은 모형 내 요소들을 영구적으로 변화시키거나 제거하려는 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 담배규제정책이 개체, 병원체, 벡터 및 환경 요소에 대한 균형 잡힌 포트폴리오를 갖추고 있는지 평가하기 위해 이 개념적 모형을 활용할 수 있다.

Key Message
We extended the conceptual epidemiological model for tobacco control by incorporating measures to reduce the demand for tobacco (MPOWER measures) and key endgame policies. The model suggests that MPOWER measures focus on disconnecting the relationships between model components, while endgame policies aim to permanently change or eliminate the components themselves. This model can be used to examine whether a country or jurisdiction's tobacco control policy maintains a balanced portfolio across agent, host, vector, and environmental factors.

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Firefighters as a Key Alliance Group to Advocate for Tobacco Control Policies in Korea
Heewon Kang, Susan Park, Sung-il Cho
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2026; 59(1): 105. CrossRef
Public support for tobacco endgame policies in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey
Heewon Kang, Wonjeong Yoon, Hong Gwan Seo, Sungkyu Lee, Sujin Lim, Gil-yong Kim, Su Young Kim, Steve S Xu, Mi Yan, Anne C K Quah, Janet Chung-Hall, Lorraine V Craig, Coral E Gartner, Geoffrey T Fong, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Control.2025; 34(e1): e33. CrossRef
Extent and Characteristics of Illegal Tobacco Sales on Social Media X
Heewon Kang, Naeun Kang, Gil-yong Kim, Hun Min Jang, Woojin Jeong, Susan Park
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2025; 16(1): 17. CrossRef
Prosociality and public support for tobacco control policies among South Korean adults: A cross-sectional study
Jaeyoung Ha, Heewon Kang, Ichiro Kawachi, Jieun Hwang, Sung-il Cho
SSM - Population Health.2025; 30: 101809. CrossRef
Decrease in household secondhand smoking among Korean adolescents associated with smoke-free policies: grade-period-cohort and interrupted time series analyses
Hana Kim, Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 46: e2024009. CrossRef

Original Articles

Reliability of a Newly Developed Tool to Assess and Classify Work-related Stress (TAWS-16) for Indian Workforce: Gautham Melur Sukumar, Runalika Roy, Mariamma Philip, Gururaj Gopalkrishna; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):407-412. Published online August 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.219

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Work stress is associated with non-communicable diseases, increased healthcare costs, and decreased work productivity among employees in the information technology sector. There is a need for regular work-stress screening among employees using valid and reliable tools. The Tool to Assess and Classify Work Stress (TAWS-16) was developed to overcome limitations in existing stress assessment tools in India. This study aimed to test the reliability of TAWS-16 in a sample of managerial-supervisory employees.
Methods
This observational reliability study included data from 62 employees. Test-retest and inter-method reliability were investigated using a TAWS-16 web application and interview by telephone, respectively. Kappa values and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
For both test-retest and inter-method reliability, the agreement for both work-related factors and symptoms suggestive of work stress exceeded 80%, and all kappa values were 0.40 or higher. Cronbach’s alpha for test-retest and inter-method reliability was 0.983 and 0.941, respectively.
Conclusions
TAWS-16 demonstrated acceptable reliability. It measured stressors, coping abilities, and psychosomatic symptoms associated with work stress. We recommend using TAWS-16 to holistically identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in India.; Summary

Key Message
The study assessed test-retest and inter-method reliability of Tool to Assess Work Stress (TAWS – 16) developed by Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) on 62 employees in Bengaluru, India. Kappa statistics, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. TAWS – 16 demonstrated acceptable reliability, good internal consistency and can be used to identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in Indian setting.

Gender Inequalities in Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-based Study in Korea: Minku Kang, Sarah Yu, Seung-Ah Choe, Daseul Moon, Myung Ki, Byung Chul Chun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):413-421. Published online August 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.170

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study explored the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on psychosocial stress in prime working-age individuals in Korea, focusing on gender inequalities. We hypothesized that the impact of COVID-19 on mental health would differ by age and gender, with younger women potentially demonstrating heightened vulnerability relative to men.
Methods
The study involved data from the Korea Community Health Survey and included 319 592 adults aged 30 years to 49 years. We employed log-binomial regression analysis, controlling for variables including age, education, employment status, marital status, and the presence of children. The study period included 3 phases: the period prior to the COVID-19 outbreak (pre–COVID-19), the early pandemic, and the period following the introduction of vaccinations (post-vaccination).
Results
The findings indicated that women were at a heightened risk of psychosocial stress during the early pandemic (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.05) and post-vaccination period (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.10) compared to men. This pattern was prominent in urban women aged 30-34 years (pre–COVID-19: RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10; early pandemic: RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.25; post-vaccination period, RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31).
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unequal impacts on psychosocial stress among prime working-age individuals in Korea, with women, particularly those in urban areas, experiencing a heightened risk. The findings highlight the importance of addressing gender-specific needs and implementing appropriate interventions to mitigate the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic.

Summary

Korean summary
코로나19 대유행이 국내 경제활동인구의 정신건강에 미친 젠더화된 영향을 조사하였다. 연구대상자는 2017-2021년 지역사회건강조사 조사대상자 319,592명이다. 연구 결과, 대유행 이후 30-39세 연령대 여성의 스트레스 수준이 남성에 비하여 현저히 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 거리두기를 엄격하게 시행하였던 도시 지역에서 이러한 경향이 두드러졌다. 이번 연구 결과는 대유행 대응 노력에서 취약 집단을 지원하기 위한 중재 정책의 필요성을 강조한다

Key Message
We investigate the gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the working-age population in Korea, focusing on ages 30-49, utilizing data from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) from 2017 to 2021 including 319,592 participants. Findings reveal a notable increase in stress levels among women in the 30-39 age group after the pandemic compared to men, accentuating in urban areas with stringent social distancing measures. Our results underscore the necessity for intervention policies to support vulnerable groups in pandemic response efforts.

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Resilience Factors Mitigate the Impact of (COVID)-19 Concerns on Depressive Symptoms
Young-Mee Kim, Sung-il Cho
American Journal of Health Behavior.2025; 49(2): 27. CrossRef
Psychological distress and compliance with sanitary measures during the Covid-19 pandemic
Irwin Hecker, Solène Wallez, Honor Scarlett, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Richard Bryant, Giulia Caggiu, Claudia Conflitti, Katalin Gémes, Josep Maria Haro, Vincent Lorant, Roberto Mediavilla, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Anna Monistrol-Mula, Matteo Monzio Compa
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Health Behaviors Before and After the Implementation of a Health Community Organization: Gangwon’s Health-Plus Community Program: Joon-Hyeong Kim, Nam-Jun Kim, Soo-Hyeong Kim, Woong-Sub Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):487-494. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.121

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Community organization is a resident-led movement aimed at creating fundamental social changes in the community by resolving its problems through the organized power of its residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of health community organization (HCO), Gangwon’s Health-Plus community program, implemented from 2013 to 2019 on residents’ health behaviors.
Methods
This study had a before-and-after design using 2011-2019 Korea Community Health Survey data. To compare the 3-year periods before and after HCO implementation, the study targeted areas where the HCO had been implemented for 4 years or longer. Therefore, a total of 4512 individuals from 11 areas with HCO start years from 2013 to 2016 were included. Complex sample multi-logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, age, residential area, income level, education level, and HCO start year) was conducted.
Results
HCO implementation was associated with decreased current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and subjective stress recognition (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97). Additionally, the HCO was associated with increased walking exercise practice (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.71), and attempts to control weight (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64). No significant negative changes were observed in other health behavior variables.
Conclusions
The HCO seems to have contributed to improving community health indicators. In the future, a follow-up study that analyzes only the effectiveness of the HCO through structured quasi-experimental studies will be needed.

Summary

Korean summary
건강주민운동은 지역사회 건강지표 향상에 기여한 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 주민참여형 건강증진사업이 주민들의 건강을 향상하기 위해서는 주민이 주체가 되어 조직화된 힘으로 지역사회의 근본적인 변화를 만들어가는 주민운동의 관점으로 시행될 필요가 있다.

Key Message
The Health Community Organization (HCO) appears to contribute to the enhancement of community health indicators. Therefore, in order to improve the health of residents through community-based participatory health promotion programs, it is necessary to implement them from the perspective of the HCO in which residents organize themselves as a mobilized force to bring about fundamental changes in the community.

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Prevalence and trends of cigarette smoking among adults with HIV infection compared with the general population in Korea
Boyoung Park, Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Jun Yong Choi, Hyo Youl Kim, Joon Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Dae Won Park, Young Kyung Yoon, Sang Il Kim
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Special Article

National Cancer Control Plan of the Korea: Current Status and the Fourth Plan (2021-2025): Kyu-Tae Han, Jae Kwan Jun, Jeong-Soo Im; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):205-211. Published online May 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.115

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Abstract Summary PDF

Cancer management has become a major policy goal for the government of the Korea. As such, the government introduced the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) to reduce the individual and social burdens caused by cancer and to promote national health. During the past 25 years, 3 phases of the NCCP have been completed. During this time, the NCCP has changed significantly in all aspects of cancer control from prevention to survival. The targets for cancer control are increasing, and although some blind spots remain, new demands are emerging. The government initiated the fourth NCCP in March 2021, with the vision of “A Healthy Country with No Concerns about Cancer Anywhere at Any Time,” which aims to build and disseminate high-quality cancer data, reduce preventable cancer cases, and reduce gaps in cancer control. Its main strategies include (1) activation of cancer big data, (2) advancement of cancer prevention and screening, (3) improvement in cancer treatment and response, and (4) establishment of a foundation for balanced cancer control. The fourth NCCP has many positive expectations, similar to the last 3 plans; however, cross-domain support and participation are required to achieve positive results in cancer control. Notably, cancer remains the leading cause of death despite decades of management efforts and should continue to be managed carefully from a national perspective.

Summary

Korean summary
- 기존 1~3차 국가암관리계획의 전반적인 성과를 소개합니다. - 제4차 국가암관리계획의 목표 및 내용을 기존 계획과 비교하여 설명합니다.

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Original Article

A Peer-support Mini-counseling Model to Improve Treatment in HIV-positive Pregnant Women in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: Artha Camellia, Plamularsih Swandari, Gusni Rahma, Tuti Parwati Merati, I Made Bakta, Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):238-247. Published online April 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.516

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222 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers’ knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services.
Methods
This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants.
Results
Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs’ side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services.
Conclusions
There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

Summary

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Assessing the impact, barriers and facilitators of peer‐driven interventions on the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
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Brief Report

How Well Do U.S. Primary Care and Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinicians Screen for Pregnancy Complications at Well Woman Visits? A Retrospective Cohort Study: Eli D. Medvescek, Sorana Raiciulescu, Andrew S. Thagard, Katerina Shvartsman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):190-195. Published online March 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.492

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), impact long-term health. We compared the frequency of screening documentation for pregnancy complications versus a general medical history at well woman visits between providers in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects with at least 1 prior birth who presented for a well woman visit in 2019-2020. Charts were reviewed for documentation of a general medical history (hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorders) versus screening for comparable obstetric complications (pre-eclampsia, GDM, and PMADs). The results were compared using the McNemar and chi-square tests as appropriate.
Results
In total, 472 encounters were identified, and 137 met the inclusion criteria. Across specialties, clinicians were significantly more likely to document general medical conditions than pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 5.48), diabetes (OR, 7.67; 95% CI, 3.27 to 22.0), and mood disorders (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 3.81 to 40.3). Obstetrics and gynecology providers were more likely to document any pregnancy history (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.24 to 16.27); however, they were not significantly more likely to screen for relevant obstetric complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.90 to 6.89). Overall, the rate of pregnancy complication documentation was low in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology clinics (8.8 and 19.0%, respectively).
Conclusions
Obstetrics and gynecology providers more frequently documented a pregnancy history than those in primary care; however, the rate was low across specialties, and providers reported screening for clinically relevant complications less frequently than for general medical conditions.; Summary

Perspective

Gender in Climate Change: Safeguarding LGBTQ+ Mental Health in the Philippine Climate Change Response From a Minority Stress Perspective: Rowalt Alibudbud; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):196-199. Published online March 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.501

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Abstract PDF

Climate-related events unevenly affect society, worsening mental health disparities among vulnerable populations. This paper highlights that lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, queers, and other individuals identifying as sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) could be considered a climate-vulnerable population in the Philippines, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries. As such, this paper elucidated that LGBTQ+ Filipinos can be marginalized in climate response efforts due to their sexual orientation and gender minority identities. According to the minority stress theory, discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals may predispose them to mental health problems. Thus, there is a need to institute an LGBTQ+ inclusive mental health response for climate-related events to address discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals and uphold their mental health.

Summary

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Original Article

The Outcomes of an e-Wellness Program for Lupus Patients in Thailand: A Participatory Action Research Approach: Nop T. Ratanasiripong, Steven Cahill, Christine Crane, Paul Ratanasiripong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):154-163. Published online March 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.491

10,419 View
191 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus patients usually experience various physical and psychological challenges. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these challenges have become even harsher. Using the participatory action research approach, this study evaluated how an e-wellness program (eWP) impacted SLE-related knowledge and health behaviors, mental health, and quality of life among lupus patients in Thailand.
Methods
A 1-group, pretest-posttest design study was conducted among a purposive sample of lupus patients who were members of Thai SLE Foundation. The 2 main intervention components were: (1) online social support, and (2) lifestyle and stress management workshops. Sixty-eight participants completed all the study requirements, including the Physical and Psychosocial Health Assessment questionnaire.
Results
After being in the eWP for 3 months, participants’ mean score for SLE-related knowledge increased significantly (t=5.3, p<0.001). The increase in sleep hours was statistically significant (Z=-3.1, p<0.01), with the percentage of participants who slept less than 7 hours decreasing from 52.9% to 29.0%. The percentage of participants reporting sun exposure decreased from 17.7% to 8.8%. The participants also reported significantly lower stress (t(66)=-4.4, p<0.001) and anxiety (t(67)=-2.9, p=0.005). The post-eWP quality of life scores for the pain, planning, intimate relationship, burden to others, emotional health, and fatigue domains also improved significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The overall outcomes showed promising results of improved self-care knowledge, health behaviors, mental health status, and quality of life. It is recommended that the SLE Foundation continues to use the eWP model to help the lupus patient community.

Summary

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Influencing factors and path analysis of posttraumatic growth in patients with autoimmune diseases
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Lupus.2024; 33(5): 470. CrossRef

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