Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Exposure of Volunteer Traffic Assistants to PM_2.5 From Transportation in Indonesia: An Environmental Health Risk Analysis: Iwan Suryadi, Juherah Juherah, Siti Rachmawati, Nurlaila Fitriani, Muhammad Kahfi, Syahrul Basri; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):379-387. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.004

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) from motor vehicle emissions has increased air pollution, negatively affecting both the environment and human health. This study aims to evaluate the concentration of fine particulate matter, assess associated health risks, and simulate the spatial distribution of PM_2.5.
Methods
PM_2.5 samples were collected from 36 key congestion points along the main roads of Makassar City. Measurements were taken for one hour during the morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to estimate non-carcinogenic health risks. A total of 175 volunteer traffic assistants participated in the study. Spatial analysis was performed using the kriging method.
Results
The highest recorded PM_2.5 concentration was 65 µg/m³ on Hertasning Street, while the lowest was 2 µg/m³ on AP Pettarani Street. The average concentration across all locations was 23.20 µg/m³. Although PM_2.5 levels remained below Indonesia’s regulatory limit of 65 µg/m³, they exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 15 µg/m³. The highest HQ value was 12.94, and the lowest was 0.22. The spatial analysis showed a direct correlation between higher pollutant concentrations and congested areas.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the HQ for PM_2.5 exceeds the acceptable standard (HQ>1), signifying a health risk that increases with frequent exposure. Effective air quality management strategies—including the use of masks, promotion of green transportation, and expansion of green open spaces—are essential to reduce pollutants and minimize health risks, especially for individuals with regular exposure.; Summary

Key Message
This study evaluates the exposure of volunteer traffic assistants to PM2.5 pollution from transportation in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting significant health risks. PM2.5 concentrations in high-traffic areas exceed WHO guidelines, leading to increased risks of respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and neurological disorders. The research underscores the importance of air pollution control measures, such as adopting cleaner transportation, increasing green spaces, and promoting public awareness. Effective strategies are crucial to preserving quality of life, protecting heart health, and reducing long-term health impacts, particularly for individuals regularly exposed to high levels of urban pollution.

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Suicide Risk in Iran: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Repeated Cross-sectional Data: Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Kamyar Mansori, Hajar Nazari Kangavari, Ahmad Shojaei, Shahram Arsang-Jang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):164-172. Published online February 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.385

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Objectives
We aimed to estimate the space-time distribution of the risk of suicide mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2016.
Methods
In this repeated cross-sectional study, the age-standardized risk of suicide mortality from 2006 to 2016 was determined. To estimate the cumulative and temporal risk, the Besag, York, and Mollié and Bernardinelli models were used.
Results
The relative risk of suicide mortality was greater than 1 in 43.0% of Iran’s provinces (posterior probability >0.8; range, 0.46 to 3.93). The spatio-temporal model indicated a high risk of suicide in 36.7% of Iran’s provinces. In addition, significant upward temporal trends in suicide risk were observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Kermanshah, and Gilan. A significantly decreasing pattern of risk was observed for men (β, -0.013; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.010 to -0.007), and a stable pattern of risk was observed for women (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.010 to 0.007). A decreasing pattern of suicide risk was observed for those aged 15-29 years (β, -0.006; 95% CrI, -0.010 to -0.0001) and 30-49 years (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.018 to -0.002). The risk was stable for those aged >50 years.
Conclusions
The highest risk of suicide mortality was observed in Iran’s northwestern provinces and among Kurdish women. Although a low risk of suicide mortality was observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Gilan, the risk in these provinces is increasing rapidly compared to other regions.

Summary

Citations

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The effect of COVID-19 on completed suicide rate in Iran: an Interrupted Time Series study (ITS)
Azadeh Nouhi Siahroudi, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Mahshid Namdari, Mohammad Hossein Panahi, Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi, Ali Khademi
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Space-time clustering and Bayesian network modelling of suicide dynamics in India
Anjali, B. Rushi Kumar
Journal of Computational Social Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatio-temporal trends and socio-environmental determinants of suicides in England (2002–2022): an ecological population-based study
Connor Gascoigne, Annie Jeffery, Ioannis Rotous, Xuewen Yu, Sara Geneletti, Bethan Davies, Gianluca Baio, James B. Kirkbride, Alexandra Pitman, Marta Blangiardo
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Masoud Ghadipasha, Ramin Talaie, Zohreh Mahmoodi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Mehdi Forouzesh, Masoud Morsalpour, Seyed Amirhosein Mahdavi, Seyed Shahram Mousavi, Shayesteh Ashrafiesfahani, Roya Kordrostami, Nahid Dadashzadehasl
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Trends and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Dengue Cases in Northeast Malaysia: Afiqah Syamimi Masrani, Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ahmad Syaarani Yasin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(1):80-87. Published online January 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.461

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8 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Dengue remains hyperendemic in Malaysia despite extensive vector control activities. With dynamic changes in land use, urbanisation and population movement, periodic updates on dengue transmission patterns are crucial to ensure the implementation of effective control strategies. We sought to assess shifts in the trends and spatial patterns of dengue in Kelantan, a north-eastern state of Malaysia (5°15’N 102°0’E).
Methods
This study incorporated data from the national dengue monitoring system (eDengue system). Confirmed dengue cases registered in Kelantan with disease onset between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Yearly changes in dengue incidence were mapped by using ArcGIS. Hotspot analysis was performed using Getis-Ord Gi to track changes in the trends of dengue spatial clustering.
Results
A total of 10 645 dengue cases were recorded in Kelantan between 2016 and 2018, with an average of 10 dengue cases reported daily (standard deviation, 11.02). Areas with persistently high dengue incidence were seen mainly in the coastal region for the 3-year period. However, the hotspots shifted over time with a gradual dispersion of hotspots to their adjacent districts.
Conclusions
A notable shift in the spatial patterns of dengue was observed. We were able to glimpse the shift of dengue from an urban to peri-urban disease with the possible effect of a state-wide population movement that affects dengue transmission.

Summary

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Maizatul Akma Masood, Rahmat Dapari, Mohammad Abdullah, Nazri Che Dom
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Spatiotemporal evolution of dengue hotspots in Kuantan, Malaysia: A decade-long geospatial analysis for adaptive vector control
Zulkifli Abdul Hadi, Agus Naba, Ahmad Mohiddin Mohd Ngesom, Nazri Che Dom
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Nur Athen Mohd Hardy Abdullah, Nazri Che Dom, Siti Aekbal Salleh, Hasber Salim, Nopadol Precha, Rahmat Dapari
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2025; 32: 101966. CrossRef
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The Open Public Health Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Anne Hui Yi Goei, Lay Hoon Goh, See Ming Lim
Singapore Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Fernanda Klafke, Virgínia Grace Barros, Elisa Henning
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Systematic Review

A Systematic Review of Spatial and Spatio-temporal Analyses in Public Health Research in Korea: Han Geul Byun, Naae Lee, Seung-sik Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(5):301-308. Published online August 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.160

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Despite its advantages, it is not yet common practice in Korea for researchers to investigate disease associations using spatio-temporal analyses. In this study, we aimed to review health-related epidemiological research using spatio-temporal analyses and to observe methodological trends.
Methods
Health-related studies that applied spatial or spatio-temporal methods were identified using 2 international databases (PubMed and Embase) and 4 Korean academic databases (KoreaMed, NDSL, DBpia, and RISS). Two reviewers extracted data to review the included studies. A search for relevant keywords yielded 5919 studies.
Results
Of the studies that were initially found, 150 were ultimately included based on the eligibility criteria. In terms of the research topic, 5 categories with 11 subcategories were identified: chronic diseases (n=31, 20.7%), infectious diseases (n=27, 18.0%), health-related topics (including service utilization, equity, and behavior) (n=47, 31.3%), mental health (n=15, 10.0%), and cancer (n=7, 4.7%). Compared to the period between 2000 and 2010, more studies published between 2011 and 2020 were found to use 2 or more spatial analysis techniques (35.6% of included studies), and the number of studies on mapping increased 6-fold.
Conclusions
Further spatio-temporal analysis-related studies with point data are needed to provide insights and evidence to support policy decision-making for the prevention and control of infectious and chronic diseases using advances in spatial techniques.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 국내 시공간 분석을 활용한 역학연구를 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 검토하였다. 의료이용, 형평성, 건강행동 관련 주제가 가장 많았고, 두 가지 이상의 공간분석 기법을 적용한 사례가 늘었으며, 단순 지도화를 적용한 연구가 가장 많았다. 향후 시공간 분석 결과를 이용해 질병 예방과 관리 정책에 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.

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