Table 1.Characteristics of Japanese adults by gender and urinary incontinence status
|
Men
|
Women
|
|
UI |
Without UI |
p - value1
|
UI |
Without UI |
p - value1
|
n |
49 (7.2) |
634 (92.8) |
|
82 (27.5) |
216 (72.5) |
|
Age (y) |
64.90±7.06 |
62.05±7.62 |
0.01 |
62.49±7.76 |
61.95±7.79 |
0.59 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
23.11±4.03 |
23.02±3.06 |
0.85 |
24.16±3.86 |
22.30±3.21 |
<0.001 |
Never smoker |
8 (16.3) |
105 (16.6) |
0.97 |
64 (78.0) |
169 (78.2) |
0.97 |
Alcohol drinkers2
|
29 (59.2) |
459 (72.4) |
0.05 |
32 (39.0) |
77 (35.8) |
0.61 |
Presence of co-morbidity |
25 (51.0) |
296 (46.7) |
0.56 |
44 (53.7) |
86 (39.8) |
0.03 |
Physical activity (MET)2
|
2042.3±4630.5 |
1520.2±2803.1 |
0.44 |
1452.7±4016.9 |
1482.6±2584.7 |
0.94 |
Fluid intake (mL/d)2
|
2410±1186 |
2105±1104 |
0.07 |
1895±1127 |
1794±917 |
0.43 |
Caffeine intake (mg/d) |
120.0±107.6 |
106.1±94.5 |
0.33 |
94.1±68.6 |
103.4±99.1 |
0.44 |
Table 2.Association between caffeine intake and urinary incontinence in Japanese adults
Caffeine intake (mg/d) |
UI |
Without UI |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) |
Men |
|
|
|
|
0 - 55.8 |
14 (28.6) |
211 (33.3) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
55.9 - 147 |
16 (32.7) |
213 (33.6) |
1.13 (0.54, 2.38) |
1.11 (0.52, 2.37) |
>147 |
19 (38.8) |
210 (33.1) |
1.36 (0.67, 2.79) |
1.36 (0.65, 2.88) |
Women |
|
|
|
|
0 - 51.2 |
26 (31.7) |
72 (33.3) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
51.3 - 144.8 |
27 (32.9) |
72 (33.3) |
1.04 (0.55, 1.95) |
0.94 (0.48, 1.84) |
>144.8 |
29 (35.4) |
72 (33.3) |
1.12 (0.60, 2.08) |
1.12 (0.57, 2.22) |
Table 3.Association between caffeine intake and urge incontinence in Japanese men and stress incontinence in Japanese women
Caffeine intake (mg / d) |
UI
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) |
Urge |
Without |
Men |
|
|
|
|
0 - 55.8 |
8 (30.8) |
211 (33.3) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
55.9 - 147 |
11 (42.3) |
213 (33.6) |
1.36 (0.54, 3.45) |
1.39 (0.52, 3.68) |
>147 |
7 (26.9) |
210 (33.1) |
0.88 (0.31, 2.47) |
0.92 (0.31, 2.68) |
|
|
UI
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) |
|
Stress |
Without |
|
Women |
|
|
|
|
0 - 51.2 |
18 (31.0) |
72 (33.3) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
51.3 - 144.8 |
18 (31.0) |
72 (33.3) |
1.00 (0.48, 2.08) |
0.96 (0.42, 1.98) |
>144.8 |
22 (38.0) |
72 (33.3) |
1.22 (0.61, 2.47) |
1.11 (0.52, 2.40) |