Figure 1
Spatial distribution of the deprivation index and standardized mortality ratio at a town level in Busan (Categorized in quintiles)
SMRs: standardized mortality ratios.
Table 1.Variables for constructing the deprivation index at the town level in Busan
Unit |
Variables |
Definition (%) |
Factor1
|
1 |
2 |
Household |
Overcrowding |
Households with more than 1.5 persons per room |
Excluded |
|
|
Rented house |
Households living in rented houses |
Excluded |
|
|
No house ownership |
Households that do not own a house |
|
O |
|
No passenger car (personal use) |
Households without a car for commuting |
|
O |
|
No car |
Households without any car |
Excluded |
|
|
Poor house environment |
Households living below the minimum housing standard (bedroom standards, Housing facilities standard, floor space standard, and the separate bedroom principle) |
O |
|
|
Single household |
Households with only one person |
|
O |
|
Female-headed |
Households with female heads-of-household |
|
O |
|
Housing in non-apartments |
Households not living in an apartment |
|
O |
Individual |
Low education level |
Individuals with high school education or below, among adults aged 25-64 years |
O |
|
|
Unemployed men |
Individuals who are jobless and actively seeking jobs, among men aged 15-64 years |
|
O |
|
Low social class2 (head-ofhousehold) |
Heads-of-household that have elementary occupations (below social class V), among adults aged 15-64 years |
O |
|
|
Low social class2 (household) |
Individuals belonging to households of the highest social class who are engaged in elementary occupations (below social class V), among adults aged 15-64 years |
Excluded |
|
|
Low social class2 (men) |
Individuals employed in elementary occupations (below social class V), among men aged 15-64 years |
Excluded |
|
|
Divorced or separated |
Individuals who are divorced or bereaved, among adults aged more than 15 years |
O |
|
|
Elderly people |
Individuals older than 65 years |
O |
|
Table 2.Distribution of the deprivation index and standardized mortality ratios in Busan
|
Mean |
SD |
Range |
IQR |
Max/Min |
Deprivation index |
-0.9 |
7.4 |
-22.6, +14.6 |
10.8 |
|
SMRs |
|
|
|
|
|
All-cause |
100.3 |
11.3 |
70.7, 139.8 |
14.9 |
2.0 |
Cancer |
99.1 |
12.8 |
57.3, 130.9 |
17.5 |
2.3 |
Heart disease |
98.7 |
19.3 |
56.6, 158.5 |
23.5 |
2.8 |
Cerebrovascular disease |
99.0 |
19.1 |
52.3, 144.3 |
23.3 |
2.8 |
Physical injury |
100.1 |
23.7 |
47.5, 202.7 |
29.1 |
4.3 |
Table 3.Spatial autocorrelation of deprivation index and SMRs at the town level in Busan
|
Deprivation index |
SMRs
|
|
All-cause |
Cancer |
Heart disease |
Cerebrovascular disease |
Physical injury |
Moran’s I coefficient1
|
0.107 |
0.339 |
0.235 |
0.231 |
0.241 |
0.654 |
p-value |
0.019 |
0.002 |
0.005 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
Table 4.Relative risks by deprivation level in Busan, using the Gaussian conditional autoregressive model
Deprivation level1
|
Relative risk (95% credible interval)
|
All-cause |
Cancer |
Heart disease |
Cerebrovascular disease |
Physical injury |
Q 1 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
Q 2 |
1.10 (1.04, 1.17) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.11) |
1.10 (1.10, 1.21) |
1.07 (0.97, 1.19) |
Q 3 |
1.13 (1.07, 1.20) |
1.05 (0.99, 1.12) |
1.06 (0.97, 1.15) |
1.12 (1.02, 1.23) |
1.20 (1.08, 1.33) |
Q 4 |
1.18 (1.11, 1.24) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.15 (1.06, 1.25) |
1.10 (1.00, 1.21) |
1.13 (1.02, 1.26) |
Q 5 |
1.23 (1.16, 1.30) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.18 (1.09, 1.29) |
1.17 (1.07, 1.30) |
1.24 (1.11, 1.37) |