Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Volume 49(5); September 2016

Original Articles

Replication of Early B-cell Factor 1 (EBF1) Gene-by-psychosocial Stress Interaction Effects on Central Adiposity in a Korean Population: Hyun-Jin Kim, Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):253-259. Published online July 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.028

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Objectives
Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene , which was associated with central obesity-related traits via interactions with stress levels. We aimed to evaluate EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction effects on central adiposity traits, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in Korean adults.
Methods
A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling.
Results
The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model (p_int<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model (p_int<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity.

Summary

Citations

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Nipping Adipocyte Inflammation in the Bud
Michael J. Griffin
Immunometabolism.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Emerging Role of Zfp217 in Adipogenesis
Hong Xiang, Zhu-Xia Zhong, Yong-Dong Peng, Si-Wen Jiang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2017; 18(7): 1367. CrossRef

The Association Between Oxidative Stress and Depressive Symptom Scores in Elderly Population: A Repeated Panel Study: Changwoo Han, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):260-274. Published online August 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.029

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Previous epidemiological studies about oxidative stress and depression are limited by hospital-based case-control design, single-time measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the small number of study participants. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association between biomarker of oxidative stress and depressive symptom scores using repeatedly measured panel data from a community-dwelling elderly population.
Methods
From 2008 to 2010, a total of 478 elderly participants residing in Seoul, Korea, were evaluated three times. Participants underwent the Korean version of the Short Form Generic Depression Scale (SGDS-K) test for screening depression, and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as an oxidative stress biomarker. We used a generalized estimating equation with a compound symmetry covariance structure to estimate the effects of oxidative stress on depressive symptom scores.
Results
A two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with a 33.88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.59% to 47.42%) increase in total SGDS-K scores. In subgroup analyses by gender, a two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with increased SGDS-K scores in both men and women (men: 30.88%; 95% CI, 10.24% to 55.37%; women: 34.77%; 95% CI, 20.09% to 51.25%). In bivariate analysis after an SGDS-K score ≥8 was defined as depression, the third and the fourth urinary MDA quartiles showed a significantly increased odds ratio(OR) of depression compared to the lowest urinary MDA quartile (third quartile OR, 6.51; 95% CI, 1.77 to 24.00; fourth quartile OR, 7.11; 95% CI, 1.99 to 25.42).
Conclusions
Our study suggests a significant association between oxidative stress and depressive symptoms in the elderly population.

Summary

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Neurochemical Research.2023; 48(6): 1798. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Physical Health and Dietary Intake of the Low-Income Elderly with Impaired Mobility for the Design of a Health Meals-on-Wheels Intervention Program in Seoul
Hyeja Chang, Junghyun Kim, Chaewon Park
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Suene Vanessa da Silva Souza, Priscila Batista da Rosa, Vivian Binder Neis, Júlia Dubois Moreira, Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues, Morgana Moretti
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Ewa A. Ogłodek
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Weight Status, Physical Activity, and Depression in Korean Older Adults
Jinkyung Cho, Youngyun Jin, Hyunsik Kang
Journal of Epidemiology.2018; 28(6): 292. CrossRef
Elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol are associated with major depressive disorder: A case-control study
Md Rabiul Islam, Md Reazul Islam, Imtiaz Ahmed, Abdullah Al Moktadir, Zabun Nahar, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Shelina Fatema Binte Shahid, Sheikh Nazrul Islam, Md Saiful Islam, Abul Hasnat
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Jay P. McLaughlin, Jason J. Paris, Dionyssios Mintzopoulos, Kristen A. Hymel, Jae K. Kim, Thomas J. Cirino, Timothy E. Gillis, Shainnel O. Eans, Gordana D. Vitaliano, Jessica M. Medina, Richard C. Krapf, Heather M. Stacy, Marc J. Kaufman
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging.2017; 2(7): 599. CrossRef

C-reactive Protein Concentration Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Mortality in a Rural Korean Population: Jung Hyun Lee, Hyungseon Yeom, Hyeon Chang Kim, Il Suh, Mi Kyung Kim, Min-Ho Shin, Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Baek Koh, Song Vogue Ahn, Tae-Yong Lee, So Yeon Ryu, Jae-Sok Song, Hong-Soon Choe, Young-Hoon Lee, Bo Youl Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):275-287. Published online August 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.025

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker, has been widely used as a preclinical marker predictive of morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have reported a positive association between CRP and mortality, uncertainty still remains about this association in various populations, especially in rural Korea.
Methods
A total of 23 233 middle-aged participants (8862 men and 14 371 women) who were free from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and acute inflammation (defined by a CRP level ≥10 mg/L) were drawn from 11 rural communities in Korea between 2005 and 2011. Blood CRP concentration was analyzed as a categorical variable (low: 0.0-0.9 mg/L; intermediate: 1.0-3.0 mg/L; high: 3.1-9.9 mg/L) as well as a continuous variable. Each participant’s vital status through December 2013 was confirmed by death statistics from the National Statistical Office. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the independent association between CRP and mortality after adjusting for other risk factors.
Results
The total quantity of observed person-years was 57 975 for men and 95 146 for women, and the number of deaths was 649 among men and 367 among women. Compared to the low-CRP group, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of the intermediate group was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.40) for men and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.61) for women, and the corresponding values for the high-CRP group were 1.98 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.42) for men and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.95) for women. Similar trends were found for CRP evaluated as a continuous variable and for cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusions
Higher CRP concentrations were associated with higher mortality in a rural Korean population, and this association was more prominent in men than in women.

Summary

Citations

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Ju-Yeun Lee, Ji Hoon Hong, Sangjun Lee, Seokyung An, Aesun Shin, Sue K. Park, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0270510. CrossRef
Association of serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein with risk of mortality in an Asian population: the Health Examinees cohort
Sang-Ah Lee, Sung Ok Kwon, Hyerim Park, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jong-Koo Lee, Daehee Kang
BMJ Open.2022; 12(7): e052630. CrossRef
Associations of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen with mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer among U.S. adults
Junxiu Liu, Yanan Zhang, Carl J. Lavie, Fred K. Tabung, Jiting Xu, Qingwei Hu, Lixia He, Yunxiang Zhang
Preventive Medicine.2020; 139: 106044. CrossRef
Sex differences in the association between self-rated health and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Koreans: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Se-Won Park, Seong-Sik Park, Eun-Jung Kim, Won-Suk Sung, In-Hyuk Ha, Boyoung Jung
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Reconstruction of Radiation Dose Received by Diagnostic Radiologic Technologists in Korea: Yeongchull Choi, Jaeyoung Kim, Jung Jeung Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Won Jin Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):288-300. Published online August 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.064

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Objectives
Diagnostic medical radiation workers in Korea have been officially monitored for their occupational radiation doses since 1996. The purpose of this study was to design models for reconstructing unknown individual radiation doses to which diagnostic radiation technologists were exposed before 1996.
Methods
Radiation dose reconstruction models were developed by using cross-sectional survey data and the personal badge doses of 8167 radiologic technologists. The models included calendar year and age as predictors, and the participants were grouped into six categories according to their sex and facility type. The annual doses between 1971 and 1995 for those who were employed before 1996 were estimated using these models.
Results
The calendar year and age were inversely related to the estimated radiation doses in the models of all six groups. The annual median estimated doses decreased from 9.45 mSv in 1971 to 1.26 mSv in 1995, and the associated dose variation also decreased with time. The estimated median badge doses from 1996 (1.22 mSv) to 2011 (0.30 mSv) were similar to the measured doses (1.68 mSv to 0.21 mSv) for the same years. Similar results were observed for all six groups.
Conclusions
The reconstruction models developed in this study may be useful for estimating historical occupational radiation doses received by medical radiologic technologists in Korea.

Summary

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Trends in Occupational Radiation Doses for U.S. Radiologic Technologists Performing General Radiologic and Nuclear Medicine Procedures, 1980–2015
Daphnée Villoing, David Borrego, Dale L. Preston, Bruce H. Alexander, André Rose, Mark Salasky, Martha S. Linet, Choonsik Lee, Cari M. Kitahara
Radiology.2021; 300(3): 605. CrossRef
Estimation of the historical radiation dose of Korean radiation workers, 1961–1983
Dalnim Lee, Won Jin Lee, Young Woo Jin, Jiyeong Kim, Soojin Park, Sunhoo Park, Songwon Seo
Journal of Radiological Protection.2021; 41(4): 1005. CrossRef
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RADIATION DOSES AMONG KOREAN RADIATION WORKERS
Jiyeong Kim, Songwon Seo, Dal Nim Lee, Soojin Park, Ki-Jung Im, Sunhoo Park, Young Woo Jin
Radiation Protection Dosimetry.2020; 189(1): 106. CrossRef
Thyroid cancer risks among medical radiation workers in South Korea, 1996–2015
Won Jin Lee, Dale L. Preston, Eun Shil Cha, Seulki Ko, Hyeyeun Lim
Environmental Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
ESTIMATION OF ORGAN DOSES AMONG DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS IN SOUTH KOREA
Yeongchull Choi, Eun Shil Cha, Ye Jin Bang, Seulki Ko, Mina Ha, Choonsik Lee, Won Jin Lee
Radiation Protection Dosimetry.2018; 179(2): 142. CrossRef
Projected lifetime cancer risks from occupational radiation exposure among diagnostic medical radiation workers in South Korea
Won Jin Lee, Yeongchull Choi, Seulki Ko, Eun Shil Cha, Jaeyoung Kim, Young Min Kim, Kyoung Ae Kong, Songwon Seo, Ye Jin Bang, Yae Won Ha
BMC Cancer.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the health effects associated with occupational radiation exposure in Korean radiation workers: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Songwon Seo, Wan Young Lim, Dal Nim Lee, Jung Un Kim, Eun Shil Cha, Ye Jin Bang, Won Jin Lee, Sunhoo Park, Young Woo Jin
BMJ Open.2018; 8(3): e017359. CrossRef

Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Biethnic Adolescents in South Korea: Gum Ryeong Park, Inseo Son, Seung-Sup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):301-307. Published online August 24, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.041

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Perceived ethnic discrimination was measured using the question “Have you ever been discriminated against or ignored because either of your parents is not a Korean?” with an assessment of depressive symptoms over the past 12 months. Logistic regression was applied to examine potential associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms.
Results
Among 4141 biethnic adolescents, 558 (13.5%) reported having experienced ethnic discrimination. The most common discriminatory perpetrators were friends (n=241, 5.8%), followed by strangers (n=67, 1.6%). Depressive symptoms were related to experience of ethnic discrimination (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.98) after adjusting for potential confounders. In an analysis focusing on the perpetrators of discrimination, depressive symptoms were found to be associated with perceived ethnic discrimination from friends (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.75 to 5.68), teachers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51), family members and relatives (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.59 to 9.48), neighbors (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.38), and strangers (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30 to 4.79). Furthermore, the OR for depressive symptoms among those exposed to 1, 2, or 3 or more discriminatory perpetrators were 3.61 (95% CI, 2.49 to 5.24), 3.61 (95% CI, 1.68 to 7.74), and 6.69 (95% CI, 2.94 to 15.22), respectively.
Conclusions
According to our findings, friends were the most common perpetrators of discrimination and the experience of ethnic discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.

Summary

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The Association Among Individual and Contextual Factors and Unmet Healthcare Needs in South Korea: A Multilevel Study Using National Data: Seung Eun Lee, Miyeon Yeon, Chul-Woung Kim, Tae-Ho Yoon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):308-322. Published online September 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.035

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The objective of this study is to investigate associations between contextual characteristics and unmet healthcare needs in South Korea after accounting for individual factors.
Methods
The present study used data from the 2012 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) of 228 902 adults residing within 253 municipal districts in South Korea. A multilevel analysis was conducted to investigate how contextual characteristics, defined by variables that describe the regional deprivation, degree of urbanity, and healthcare supply, are associated with unmet needs after controlling for individual-level variables.
Results
Of the surveyed Korean adults, 12.1% reported experiencing unmet healthcare needs in the past. This figure varied with the 253 districts surveyed, ranging from 2.6% to 26.2%. A multilevel analysis found that the association between contextual characteristics and unmet needs varied according to the factors that caused the unmet needs. The degree of urbanity was associated with unmet need due to “financial burden” (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.66 for rural vs. metropolitan), but not unmet need due to “service not available when needed.” There were no significant associations between these unmet need measures and regional deprivation. Among individual-level variables, income level showed the highest association with unmet need due to “financial burden” (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 4.76 to 6.66), while employment status showed a strong association with unmet need due to “service not available when needed.”
Conclusions
Our finding suggests that different policy interventions should be considered for each at-risk population group to address the root cause of unmet healthcare needs.

Summary

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Unsafe Disposal of Child Faeces: A Community-based Study in a Rural Block in West Bengal, India: Preeti PS, Sanjaya Kumar Sahoo, Dhiraj Biswas, Aparajita Dasgupta; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):323-328. Published online September 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.020

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
A clean India is the responsibility of all Indians. One of the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Initiative) is to bring about behavioural changes regarding healthy sanitation practices. While large-scale programs in India have increased latrine coverage, they have to some extent failed to bring behavioural changes ensuring optimal latrine use, including the safe disposal of child faeces, which is a significant source of exposure to faecal pathogens. Hence, this study was done to explore child faeces disposal practices in rural West Bengal and to elicit the determinants of unhygienic faeces disposal.
Methods
Data collection was done using an interview method among the mothers of 502 under-5 children, following a pre-designed, semi-structured schedule during house-to-house visits in a set of villages in the Hooghly district of West Bengal.
Results
The prevalence of unsafe disposal of child faeces was 72.4%, and maternal education, per capita income, and water source were found to be significantly associated with unsafe child faeces disposal.
Conclusions
This study draws attention to the unsafe disposal of child faeces in this area of India and raises questions about the efficiency of sanitation campaigns in rural India that focus on expanding coverage rather than emphasizing behavioural changes, which are crucial to ensure the safe disposal of child faeces. Thus, it is urgently necessary to strengthen efforts focusing on behavioural changes regarding the safe disposal of child faeces in order to minimise adverse health outcomes.

Summary

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Short-term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: An Assessment of Effect Modification by Prior Allergic Disease History: Juhwan Noh, Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Seong-Kyung Cho, Yoon Jung Choi, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):329-341. Published online September 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.038

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits in Seoul for asthma according to patients’ prior history of allergic diseases.
Methods
Data on ED visits from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. To evaluate the risk of ED visits for asthma related to ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10]), a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution was used; a single-lag model and a cumulative-effect model (average concentration over the previous 1-7 days) were also explored. The percent increase and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in the concentration of each air pollutant. Subgroup analyses were done by age, gender, the presence of allergic disease, and season.
Results
A total of 33 751 asthma attack cases were observed during the study period. The strongest association was a 9.6% increase (95% CI, 6.9% to 12.3%) in the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in O3 concentration. IQR changes in NO2 and PM10 concentrations were also significantly associated with ED visits in the cumulative lag 7 model. Among patients with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in PM10 concentration was higher (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 6.7%) than in patients with no such history.
Conclusions
Ambient air pollutants were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, especially among subjects with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.

Summary

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