Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Air Passengers’ Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With a 14-Day Quarantine and Accuracy Assessment of a Symptom-based Screening System at an Airport: Toonlaya Direkwutthikun, Chanapong Rojanaworarit, Isabella Andrade, Bhanasut Hunsajarupan, Nuttawoot Photisan, Pattarasuda Sookchom, Thawabhorn Jannok, Rome Buathong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):72-82. Published online November 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.517

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study aimed to validate the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, identify infection risk factors among air passengers subject to a 14-day mandatory quarantine, and evaluate the accuracy of mass symptom-based screening criteria at an airport.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 116 004 air passengers who entered Thailand through Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok from April 2020 to September 2020. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, risk characteristics, and accuracy indices of symptom-based screening were calculated.
Results
The overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 was 0.5%, or 540 infections per 100 000 air passengers. Identified risk factors included sex, nationality, continent of departure, on-arrival screening results, and month of travel. Positive screening results indicated a higher risk and positive likelihood ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the on-arrival screening criteria demonstrated low sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Conclusions
The current study confirms previous findings that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during air travel is low. However, this might result from strict pre-departure screening and the SARS-CoV-2 test requirement for arriving passengers. The symptom-based screening criteria used upon arrival showed a low probability of identifying positive cases, suggesting that incorporating additional criteria could help detect asymptomatic infections. The integrated screening and quarantine model proved effective in preventing the spread of the virus into local communities.; Summary

Key Message
The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during air travel is low given a strict pre-departure screening and the SARS-CoV-2 test requirement. The symptom-based screening criteria used upon arrival showed a low probability of identifying positive cases. The integrated screening and quarantine model proved effective in preventing the spread of the virus into local communities.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Imposed by Fully-vaccinated Air Travelers Attending an Island-confined Quarantine System Enabling Tourism During the Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Thunyaporn Sirijantradilok, Chanapong Rojanaworarit, Isabella Andrade, Worawaran Kallayanasit, Panunda Yodkhunnathum, Somruethai Khamsakhon, Supasit Suerungruang, Nuttawoot Photisan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):552-563. Published online September 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.351

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to identify the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among fully vaccinated air travelers participating in an island-confined quarantine system (Phuket Sandbox Program). It also compared the differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the difference in time-to-detection periods between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study determined the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among 63 052 air travelers who participated in a quarantine program from July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021. Using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, we estimated the relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different brands and types of COVID-19 vaccines, adjusting for relevant covariates. We visualized the time-to-detection periods for SARS-CoV-2 infection using Kaplan-Meier failure curves and compared these curves for asymptomatic and symptomatic travelers using the log-rank test.
Results
The overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.3%. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, Gam-COVID-Vac, CoronaVac, and replicating viral vector vaccines faced a significantly higher risk of infection than those who received the BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The time-to-detection periods for asymptomatic and symptomatic cases did not differ significantly.
Conclusions
Despite the relatively low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a risk of breakthrough cases remained with certain vaccines. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic cases, quarantine and intermittent testing should be implemented. The mandatory quarantine system proved effective in managing positive cases without necessitating a complete shutdown of travel. Implementing an island quarantine could be a viable strategy for reintroducing travel and tourism during a future COVID-19 outbreak or a new pandemic.; Summary

Key Message
"This study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among 63,052 fully-vaccinated air travelers participating in the Phuket Sandbox Program in 2021. A breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of 0.3% was identified. Travelers vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, Gam-COVID-Vac, CoronaVac, and replicating viral vector vaccines exhibited a higher risk of breakthrough infections than those vaccinated with BNT162b2 or other mRNA vaccines. The island-confined quarantine system combined with confirmatory COVID-19 testing effectively identified post-arrival infected travelers, demonstrating its potential as a model enabling safe tourism while preventing importation of cases into communities beyond the island during the pandemic."

A Comparison of Green, Delta, and Monte Carlo Methods to Select an Optimal Approach for Calculating the 95% Confidence Interval of the Population-attributable Fraction: Guidance for Epidemiological Research: Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Kyungsik Kim, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Woojin Lim, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):499-507. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.272

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo methods for estimating 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the population-attributable fraction (PAF). The objectives were to identify the optimal method and to determine the influence of primary parameters on PAF calculations.
Methods
A dataset was simulated using hypothetical values for primary parameters (population, relative risk [RR], prevalence, and variance of the beta estimator ) involved in PAF calculations. Three methods (Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo) were used to estimate the 95% CIs of the PAFs. Perturbation analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity of the PAF to changes in these parameters. An R Shiny application, the “GDM-PAF CI Explorer,” was developed to facilitate the analysis and visualization of these computations.
Results
No significant differences were observed among the 3 methods when both the RR and p-value were low. The Delta method performed well under conditions of low prevalence or minimal RR, while Greenland’s method was effective in scenarios with high prevalence. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo method calculated 95% CIs of PAFs that were stable overall, though it required intensive computational resources. In a novel approach that utilized perturbation for sensitivity analysis, was identified as the most influential parameter in the estimation of CIs.
Conclusions
This study emphasizes the necessity of a careful approach for comparing 95% CI estimation methods for PAFs and selecting the method that best suits the context. It provides practical guidelines to researchers to increase the reliability and accuracy of epidemiological studies.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 인구 기여 분율(PAF)의 95% 신뢰구간을 추정하는 데 있어 Delta, Greenland, Monte Carlo 방법을 비교하여 최적의 방법을 찾고, 주요 매개변수의 변화가 PAF 계산에 미치는 영향을 분석했음. Delta 방법은 상대적으로 낮은 유병률이나 위험도(RR)가 낮을 때 적합하며, Greenland 방법은 높은 유병률에서 효과적이고, Monte Carlo 방법은 전반적으로 안정적인 결과를 제공하지만, 많은 계산 자원이 필요할 수 있음.

Key Message
This study compared Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo methods for calculating the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of population-attributable fractions (PAFs). While all three methods demonstrated comparable performance under conditions of low prevalence or relative risk (RR), they diverged under other scenarios. The Delta method is effective for low-prevalence or minimal RR, Greenland for high-prevalence scenarios, and Monte Carlo is robust but computationally intensive. This research offers practical guidance for selecting the appropriate method based on study conditions, enhancing the reliability of epidemiological studies in estimating PAFs.

Citations

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Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption in Korea from 2015 to 2030
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Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025009. CrossRef

Scoping Review

Assessment of Epidemiological Data and Surveillance in Korea Substance Use Research: Insights and Future Directions: Meekang Sung, Vaughan W. Rees, Hannah Lee, Mohammad S. Jalali; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):307-318. Published online June 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.171

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Effective data collection and surveillance of epidemiological trends are essential in confronting the growing challenges associated with substance use (SU), especially in light of emerging trends and underreporting of cases. However, research and data are scarce regarding SU and substance use disorder (SUD) in Korea.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review to identify data sources and surveillance methods used in SU research in Korea up to December 2023. This review was complemented by semi-structured consultations with experts in this area in Korea, whose feedback led to revisions of previously identified data sources and assessments.
Results
Our review identified 32 publications conducting secondary analyses on existing data to examine the epidemiology of SU and SUD in Korea. Of these, 14 studies utilized clinical databases to explore the prescription patterns of addictive substances, particularly opioids. Eleven data sources showed promise for advancing SU research; however, they face substantial limitations, including a lack of available data, missing data, the absence of key variables, the exclusion of marginalized populations not captured within the clinical system, and complexities in matching individual-level data across time points and datasets.
Conclusions
Current surveillance methods for SU in Korea face considerable challenges in accessibility, usability, and standardization. Moreover, existing data repositories may fail to capture information on populations not served by clinical or judicial systems. To systematically improve surveillance approaches, it is necessary to develop a robust and nationally representative survey, refine the use of existing clinical data, and ensure the availability of data on treatment facilities.

Summary

Key Message
- A scoping review identified eleven promising data sources for substance use research in Korea but noted substantial challenges in current surveillance methods, particularly regarding accessibility, usability, and standardization.
- Existing data repositories often miss information on marginalized populations not served by clinical or judicial systems, and suffer from data gaps, missing key variables, and complexities in matching individual-level data over time.
- To address these issues, developing a robust, nationally representative survey, refining the use of existing clinical data, and ensuring data availability from treatment facilities are essential.

Citations

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Original Articles

Epidemiology of Suicide by Hanging in Fars Province, Iran (2011-2019): A Population-based Cross-sectional Study: Leila Moftakhar, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh, Sanaz Amiri, Fariba Rezaei, Habibollah Azarbakhsh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):264-271. Published online April 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.519

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Hanging is a common method of attempted suicide. This study investigated the epidemiological profile of attempted and completed suicides by hanging in southern Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on 1167 suicide attempts by hanging between 2011 and 2019. All data related to suicide attempts by hanging were collected from the Fars Suicide Surveillance System. The trends in suicide cases and the mean age of attempted and completed suicides were plotted. The chi-square test was used to identify suicide-related factors. Crude rates of incidence, mortality, and standardized fatality during the study period were calculated. Finally, logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of death in individuals who attempted suicide.
Results
The mean age of those who attempted suicide was 33.21±16.82 years; the majority were male (80.5%). The rate of attempted and completed suicide by hanging were 3.50 and 2.79 per 100 000 people, respectively. The case-fatality rate was calculated as 79.34%. The results of our study indicated an increasing trend in suicide attempts by hanging. The likelihood of death was 2.28 times higher in individuals with a previous history of suicide attempts and 1.85 times higher in those with a psychological disorder.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest an increasing trend in attempted and completed suicide by hanging, especially among individuals with a history of suicide attempts and psychological disorders. It is necessary to take action to reduce the rate of suicide attempts and identify the underlying causes of suicide attempts by hanging.

Summary

Citations

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Prevalence and analysis of Amussat’s, Martin’s and Simon’s signs in suicide by hanging in socio-demographic context in the Poznan metropolitan area and surrounding provinces in Poland in 2007–2022
Piotr Adamski, Marta Golik, Piotr Kawalec, Maria Krzemińska, Julia Malinowska, Sandra Przybysz, Jan Radomski, Szymon Rzepczyk, Klaudia Dolińska-Kaczmarek, Paweł Świderski, Czesław Żaba, Bartosz Burchardt
Legal Medicine.2025; 76: 102656. CrossRef
Epidemiological analysis of self-harm and suicide attempts in Iran: a cross-sectional study in Kurdistan’s emergency hospitals
Armin Saedi, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Ghobad Moradi, Media Babahajiani, Kourosh akhbari, Leila Azizkhani
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Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Fatemeh Jafari, Seyed Parsa Dehghani, Andishe Hamedi, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
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Annual Endovascular Thrombectomy Case Volume and Thrombectomy-capable Hospitals of Korea in Acute Stroke Care: Eun Hye Park, Seung-sik Hwang, Juhwan Oh, Beom-Joon Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Ki-Hwa Yang, Ah-Rum Choi, Mi-Yeon Kang, S.V. Subramanian; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):145-153. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.318

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Although it is difficult to define the quality of stroke care, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with moderate-to-severe neurological deficits may benefit from thrombectomy-capable hospitals (TCHs) that have a stroke unit, stroke specialists, and a substantial endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) case volume.
Methods
From national audit data collected between 2013 and 2016, potential EVT candidates arriving within 24 hours with a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 were identified. Hospitals were classified as TCHs (≥15 EVT case/y, stroke unit, and stroke specialists), primary stroke hospitals (PSHs) without EVT (PSHs-without-EVT, 0 case/y), and PSHs-with-EVT. Thirty-day and 1-year case-fatality rates (CFRs) were analyzed using random intercept multilevel logistic regression.
Results
Out of 35 004 AIS patients, 7954 (22.7%) EVT candidates were included in this study. The average 30-day CFR was 16.3% in PSHs-without-EVT, 14.8% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 11.0% in TCHs. The average 1-year CFR was 37.5% in PSHs-without-EVT, 31.3% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 26.2% in TCHs. In TCHs, a significant reduction was not found in the 30-day CFR (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.12), but was found in the 1-year CFR (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96).
Conclusions
The 1-year CFR was significantly reduced when EVT candidates were treated at TCHs. TCHs are not defined based solely on the number of EVTs, but also based on the presence of a stroke unit and stroke specialists. This supports the need for TCH certification in Korea and suggests that annual EVT case volume could be used to qualify TCHs.

Summary

Korean summary
급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 “혈관 내 혈전제거술(endovascular treatment, EVT)”의 치료효과는 여러 연구를 통해 증명되었으나, EVT 후보군에서 EVT를 제공하기 위한 의료서비스 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 5~7차 뇌졸중 적정성 평가 자료를 활용하여 연간 EVT 시행횟수와 EVT후보군의 30일, 1년 후 치명률 간의 연관성을 다수준 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 연간 15회 이상 EVT를 시행하면서 뇌졸중 전문치료실과 뇌줄중 관련 전문분과(신경과, 신경외과, 재활의학과) 전문의가 모두 있는 병원(TCHs)에서 치료받은 환자는 EVT를 시행하지 않는 병원(PSHs-without-EVT)에서 치료받는 환자에 비해 치명률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 뇌졸중 치료체계에서 EVT가능병원을 정의할 필요성을 잘 보여주고, “연간 EVT 시행횟수”는 TCHs를 정의하는 중요한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Trends in utilization and impact of hospital procedural volume on mortality after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Zafar Ali, Sayyeda Aleena Mufarrih, Amjad Ali, Michael G. Abraham, Gokul Ramani, Kamal Gupta
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Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
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Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: Wilawan Chaiut, Ratana Sapbamrer, Sauwaluk Dacha, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Ida Parwati, Anton Sumarpo, Rungnapa Malasao; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):212-220. Published online March 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.019

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study compared the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Methods
This retrospective observational study utilized data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. Differences in the clinical presentation of RSV infection before (2016 to 2019) and during (2020 to 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and compared.
Results
In total, 358 patients hospitalized with RSV infections were reported from January 2016 to December 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 cases of hospitalized RSV infection were reported. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, the clinical presentations of RSV infection showed statistically significant decreases in fever on admission (p=0.004), productive cough (p=0.004), sputum (p=0.003), nausea (p=0.03), cyanosis (p=0.004), pallor (p<0.001), diarrhea (p<0.001), and chest pain (p<0.001). Furthermore, vigilant measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns, also interrupted the RSV season in Thailand from 2020 to 2021.
Conclusions
The incidence of RSV infection was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which also changed the clinical presentation and seasonal pattern of RSV infection in children.

Summary

Citations

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Characterizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Saamia I. Masoom, Gina Aloisio, Elizabeth A. Camp, James J. Dunn, Sarah D. Meskill
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2025; 87: 108. CrossRef
Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization costs, rates, and seasonality in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Luis J. Ponce, Thaddaeus Wu, Darren Junfeng Sim, Jo Yi Chow, Liang En Wee, Po Ying Chia, David Chien Boon Lye, Yee-Sin Leo, Jue Tao Lim
eClinicalMedicine.2025; 86: 103350. CrossRef
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Genetic characteristics and epidemiology of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in Thailand
Napasorn Kamolvathin, Suthee Mangmee, Suphanun Phuphanitcharoenkun, Nattaya Kamchompoo, Sarocha Suthisawat, Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat, Jarinee Tongshoob, Arun Huntrup, Chayasin Mansanguan, Kobporn Boonnak
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Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Patterns and Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia at a Recently Established General Hospital
Hyejin So, Kyung Min Kim, Eun Young Cho
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Exploring the epidemiological burden of RSV pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: A Jordanian tertiary hospital experience
Enas Al-Zayadneh, Dana Marie, Farah A. Khraisat, Suzan S. Musa, Jehad Feras AlSamhori, Dina Alkhateeb Altamimi, Alia O. Khashman, Amirah Daher, Montaha AL-Iede
Journal of International Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predominance of ON1 and BA9 genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infection in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2020–2021
Rungnapa Malasao, Wilawan Chaiut, Wanwisa Tantipetcharawan, Ratchanu Tongphung, Nicha Charoensri, Piyawan Takarn, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Niwat Maneekarn
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Projection of Cancer Incidence and Mortality From 2020 to 2035 in the Korean Population Aged 20 Years and Older: Youjin Hong, Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Soseul Sung, Woojin Lim, Kyungsik Kim, Seokyung An, Jeoungbin Choi, Kwang-Pil Ko, Inah Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):529-538. Published online October 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.128

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the current patterns of cancer incidence and estimate the projected cancer incidence and mortality between 2020 and 2035 in Korea.
Methods
Data on cancer incidence cases were extracted from the Korean Statistical Information Service from 2000 to 2017, and data on cancer-related deaths were extracted from the National Cancer Center from 2000 to 2018. Cancer cases and deaths were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. For the current patterns of cancer incidence, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates were investigated using the 2000 mid-year estimated population aged over 20 years and older. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the 2020 to 2035 trends in cancer.
Results
Overall, cancer cases were predicted to increase from 265 299 in 2020 to 474 085 in 2035 (growth rate: 1.8%). The greatest increase in the ASIR was projected for prostate cancer among male (7.84 vs. 189.53 per 100 000 people) and breast cancer among female (34.17 vs. 238.45 per 100 000 people) from 2000 to 2035. Overall cancer deaths were projected to increase from 81 717 in 2020 to 95 845 in 2035 (average annual growth rate: 1.2%). Although most cancer mortality rates were projected to decrease, those of breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer among female were projected to increase until 2035.
Conclusions
These up-to-date projections of cancer incidence and mortality in the Korean population may be a significant resource for implementing cancer-related regulations or developing cancer treatments.

Summary

Korean summary
최근 고령화 시대로 접어들고 암의 위험요인들에 대한 노출률이 변화함에 따라 암의 발생률 및 사망률에 대해서 관찰하는 것은 중요한 일이 되었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 한국인에서 2035년까지의 암에 대한 발생률과 사망률을 Joinpoint regression 모델을 이용하여 예측하였다. 남성에서는 전립선암, 여성에서는 유방암이 연령표준화 발생률이 가장 높았으며 대부분의 연령표준화 사망률은 감소하는 것으로 예상되지만 여성의 유방암, 췌장암, 난소암이 증가될 것으로 예상된다.

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Sungji Moon, Jeoungbin Choi, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Seungho Ryu, Sun Ha Jee, Guen Hui Kim, Sun Young Yang, Aesun Shin, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jeongseon Kim, Jieun Jang, Sangjun Lee, Kyungsik Kim, Woojin Lim, Yoon-Jung Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Comparison of Population Attributable Fractions of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Linked to Excess Body Weight in Korea from 2015 to 2030
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Hepatitis B, C, and D Virus Infections and AFP Tumor Marker Prevalence Among the Elderly Population in Mongolia: A Nationwide Survey: Davaalkham Dambadarjaa, Yerkyebulan Mukhtar, Enkh-Oyun Tsogzolbaatar, Ser-Od Khuyag, Angarmurun Dayan, Nandin-Erdene Oyunbileg, Oyu-Erdene Shagdarsuren, Gunchmaa Nyam, Yosikazu Nakamura, Masaharu Takahashi, Hiroaki Okamoto; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):263-272. Published online May 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.573

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Infections with hepatitis B, C, and D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV) are a major public health problem and lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HDV immunoglobulin G, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and dual and triple hepatitis virus infections in Mongolia.
Methods
A total of 2313 participants from urban and rural regions were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis virus infections, and the seromarkers were measured using immunoassay kits.
Results
Among all participants, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV was 15.6%, 36.6%, and 14.3%, respectively. The infection rates were significantly higher in females and participants with a lower education level, rural residence, older age, and a history of blood transfusion. HBV and HCV co-infection was found in 120 (5.2%) participants and HBV, HCV, and HDV triple infection was detected in 67 (2.9%) participants. The prevalence of elevated AFP was 2.7%, 5.5%, and 2.6% higher in participants who were seropositive for HBsAg (p=0.01), anti-HCV (p<0.001), and anti-HDV (p=0.022), respectively. Elevated AFP was more prevalent in participants co-infected with HBV and HCV (5.8%, p=0.023), HBV and HDV (6.0%, p<0.001), and triple-infected with HBV, HCV, and HDV (7.5%) than in uninfected individuals.
Conclusions
Nearly half (49.8%) of the study population aged ≥40 years were infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, and 22.4% had dual or triple infections.

Summary

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Special Articles

Application of Standardization for Causal Inference in Observational Studies: A Step-by-step Tutorial for Analysis Using R Software: Sangwon Lee, Woojoo Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):116-124. Published online February 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.569

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Epidemiological studies typically examine the causal effect of exposure on a health outcome. Standardization is one of the most straightforward methods for estimating causal estimands. However, compared to inverse probability weighting, there is a lack of user-centric explanations for implementing standardization to estimate causal estimands. This paper explains the standardization method using basic R functions only and how it is linked to the R package stdReg, which can be used to implement the same procedure. We provide a step-by-step tutorial for estimating causal risk differences, causal risk ratios, and causal odds ratios based on standardization. We also discuss how to carry out subgroup analysis in detail.

Summary

Korean summary
본 논문에서는 standardization 방법을 이용하여 risk difference, relative risk, risk ratio와 같은 인과성 효과를 R software을 이용하여 도출하는 튜토리얼을 제공합니다. 간암환자의 치료를 예시로, 합성 데이터를 이용한 치료제의 사망에 대한 인과적 효과를 탐색하는 튜토리얼을 제공합니다. 추가적으로, 인과성 관련 기본 이론을 집약적으로 설명하였고, standardization을 이용한 subgroup analysis 수행 방법이 제공됩니다.

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Mingxuan Liu, Xinru Wang, Jin Wee Lee, Bibhas Chakraborty, Nan Liu, Victor Volovici
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Network Analysis in Systems Epidemiology: JooYong Park, Jaesung Choi, Ji-Yeob Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):259-264. Published online July 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.190

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Abstract Summary PDF

Traditional epidemiological studies have identified a number of risk factors for various diseases using regression-based methods that examine the association between an exposure and an outcome (i.e., one-to-one correspondences). One of the major limitations of this approach is the “black-box” aspect of the analysis, in the sense that this approach cannot fully explain complex relationships such as biological pathways. With high-throughput data in current epidemiology, comprehensive analyses are needed. The network approach can help to integrate multi-omics data, visualize their interactions or relationships, and make inferences in the context of biological mechanisms. This review aims to introduce network analysis for systems epidemiology, its procedures, and how to interpret its findings.

Summary

Korean summary
본 리뷰는 시스템역학연구에 활용할 수 있는 네트워크 분석의 간략한 개념과 분석 절차 그리고 결과 해석에 대하여 소개하고 있다. 기존 역학연구의 주요 한계점은 생물학적 기전과 같은 복잡한 관계를 충분히 설명하지 못한다는 것이다. 최근 역학 연구에서 대규모의 오믹스 데이터가 활용 가능하게 됨에 따라 통합적 분석의 필요성이 제기되고 있고, 네트워크 분석 기법이 이런 다중 오믹스 데이터들을 포괄적으로 분석하는데 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

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COVID-19: Original Article

Did the Timing of State Mandated Lockdown Affect the Spread of COVID-19 Infection? A County-level Ecological Study in the United States: Megh M. Trivedi, Anirudha Das; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):238-244. Published online July 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.071

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Previous pandemics have demonstrated that several demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic factors may play a role in increased infection risk. During this current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, our aim was to examine the association of timing of lockdown at the county level and aforementioned risk factors with daily case rate (DCR) in the United States.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using publicly available data was performed including Americans with COVID-19 infection as of May 24, 2020. The United States counties with >100 000 population and >50 cases per 100 000 people were included. The independent variable was the days required from the declaration of lockdown to reach the target case rate (50/100 000 cases) while the dependent (outcome) variable was the DCR per 100 000 on the day of statistical calculation (May 24, 2020) after adjusting for multiple confounding socio-demographic, geographic, and health-related factors. Each independent factor was correlated with outcome variables and assessed for collinearity with each other. Subsequently, all factors with significant association to the outcome variable were included in multiple linear regression models using stepwise method. Models with best R2 value from the multiple regression were chosen.
Results
The timing of mandated lockdown order had the most significant association on the DCR per 100 000 after adjusting for multiple socio-demographic, geographic and health-related factors. Additional factors with significant association with increased DCR include rate of uninsured and unemployment.
Conclusions
The timing of lockdown order was significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 at the county level in the United States.

Summary

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Special Article

Introduction to Mediation Analysis and Examples of Its Application to Real-world Data: Sun Jae Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(3):166-172. Published online May 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.069

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Abstract Summary PDF

Traditional epidemiological assessments, which mainly focused on evaluating the statistical association between two major components-the exposure and outcome-have recently evolved to ascertain the in-between process, which can explain the underlying causal pathway. Mediation analysis has emerged as a compelling method to disentangle the complex nature of these pathways. The statistical method of mediation analysis has evolved from simple regression analysis to causal mediation analysis, and each amendment refined the underlying mathematical theory and required assumptions. This short guide will introduce the basic statistical framework and assumptions of both traditional and modern mediation analyses, providing examples conducted with real-world data.

Summary

Korean summary
본 리뷰에서는 전통적으로 쓰여왔던 회귀분석 기반 매개요인분석방법과 인과적 매개요인분석방법에 대하여 간략히 소개하며, 또한 예시를 들어 설명하고 있다. 매개요인 분석 전에는 필요한 가정들이 맞는 지를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 분석결과를 올바르게 해석하는 것 또한 요구된다. 이러한 방법은 그동안의 노출-결과만을 다루는 단순 역학연구을 뛰어넘어, 인구집단연구에서 매커니즘을 밝히는 도구로서 유용하게 쓰일 것이다.

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COVID-19: Perspective

A Chinese Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Did Not Show Infectivity During the Incubation Period: Based on an Epidemiological Survey: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):67-69. Published online March 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.048

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Abstract Summary PDF

Controversy remains over whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus may have infectivity during the incubation period before the onset of symptoms. The author had the opportunity to examine the infectivity of COVID-19 during the incubation period by conducting an epidemiological survey on a confirmed patient who had visited Jeju Island during the incubation period. The epidemiological findings support the claim that the COVID-19 virus does not have infectivity during the incubation period.

Summary

Korean summary
잠복기 동안 제주도를 방문했던 중국인 COVID-19 확진자에 대한 역학조사를 수행하였다. 환자와 직접 접촉한 11명을 14일간 격리조치 하였는데, 이들 모두 격리해제까지 COVID-19 감염증상을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 역학조사 결과는 잠복기때는 감염력이 없다는 주장을 뒷받침한다.

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Sources of Infection Among Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Jeju Province, Korea
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Airborne SARS-CoV-2: Weighing the Evidence for Its Role in Community Transmission
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Methods

Health Indicators Related to Disease, Death, and Reproduction: Jeoungbin Choi, Moran Ki, Ho Jang Kwon, Boyoung Park, Sanghyuk Bae, Chang-Mo Oh, Byung Chul Chun, Gyung-Jae Oh, Young Hoon Lee, Tae-Yong Lee, Hae Kwan Cheong, Bo Youl Choi, Jung Han Park, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(1):14-20. Published online January 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.250

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population’s health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.

Summary

Korean summary
본 논문에서는 질병과 사망, 출생 관련 지표들의 개념과 종류를 설명하고, 특히 연구자들이 흔히 혼동하여 사용하는 지표들에 대한 적절한 정의를 제시하였다. 또한 지표들의 예시를 부록으로 수록하여 독자들이 지표의 개념을 보다 쉽게 습득하도록 돕고자 하였다.

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Perspectives

Introduction of Phylodynamics for Controlling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):326-328. Published online October 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.150

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: As over 1000 new cases of HIV/AIDS occur in Korea annually, preventive health programs against HIV/AIDS are urgently needed. Since phylodynamic studies have been suggested as a way to understand how infectious diseases are transmitted and evolve, phylodynamic inferences can be a useful tool for HIV/AIDS research. In particular, phylodynamic models are helpful for dating the origins of an epidemic and estimating its basic reproduction number. Thus, the introduction of phylodynamics would be a highly valuable step towards controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Korea.; Summary

Korean summary
국내 HIV/AIDS 신환자가 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 상황에서, 다른 나라에서는 HIV 감염관리에 계통역동학을 적용하고 있다. 이는 감염원과 감염경로를 알아내고, 기본재생산지수를 산출하도록 해주기 때문이다. 따라서 국내 HIV/AIDS 관리를 위해 계통역동학 적용을 적극 제안한다.”

Necessity of Epigenetic Epidemiology Studies on the Carcinogenesis of Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(5):263-264. Published online July 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.076

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Based on epidemiological and genomic characteristics, lung cancer in never smokers (LCNS) is a different disease from lung cancer in smokers. Based on current research, the main risk factor for LCNS may be air pollution. A recent case-control study in Koreans reported that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may be a risk factor for LCNS. Additionally, a cohort study showed that exposure to NO2 was associated with significant hypomethylation. Thus, epigenetic epidemiology studies are needed in the near future to evaluate the carcinogenesis of LCNS according to chronic exposure to air pollution and/or viral infections.; Summary

Original Articles

Risk of Hemorrhage Attributed to Underlying Chronic Diseases and Uninterrupted Aspirin Therapy of Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Chanapong Rojanaworarit, Soontaree Limsawan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):165-176. Published online April 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.121

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the risk of bleeding following minor oral surgical procedures and uninterrupted aspirin therapy in high-risk patients or patients with existing chronic diseases compared to patients who did not use aspirin during minor oral surgery at a public hospital.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 2912 patients, aged 20 years or older, who underwent 5251 minor oral surgical procedures at a district hospital in Thailand. The aspirin group was comprised of patients continuing aspirin therapy during oral surgery. The non-aspirin group (reference) included all those who did not use aspirin during surgery. Immediate and late-onset bleeding was evaluated in each procedure. The risk ratio of bleeding was estimated using a multilevel Poisson regression.
Results
The overall cumulative incidence of immediate bleeding was 1.3% of total procedures. No late-onset bleeding was found. A significantly greater incidence of bleeding was found in the aspirin group (5.8% of procedures, p<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, a multilevel Poisson regression model estimated that the bleeding risk in the aspirin group was 4.5 times higher than that of the non-aspirin group (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 10.0; p<0.001). However, all bleeding events were controlled by simple hemostatic measures.
Conclusions
High-risk patients or patients with existing chronic diseases who continued aspirin therapy following minor oral surgery were at a higher risk of hemorrhage than general patients who had not used aspirin. Nonetheless, bleeding complications were not life-threatening and could be promptly managed by simple hemostatic measures. The procedures could therefore be provided with an awareness of increased bleeding risk, prepared hemostatic measures, and postoperative monitoring, without the need for discontinuing aspirin, which could lead to more serious complications.

Summary

Citations

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Emergency of oral haemorrhage: Retrospective study over 2 years
M. Pinana, I. Rodriguez‐Perron, G. Lescaille, R. Toledo, M. Mondoloni, J. Rochefort
Oral Diseases.2025; 31(2): 648. CrossRef

Meeting Recommended Levels of Physical Activity in Relation to Preventive Health Behavior and Health Status Among Adults: Peter D. Hart, Gabriel Benavidez, James Erickson; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(1):10-17. Published online December 19, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.080

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313 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of meeting the recommended levels of physical activity (PA) with health status and preventive health behavior in adults.
Methods
A total of 5630 adults 18 years of age or older were included in this study. PA was assessed using a series of questions that categorized activities based on their metabolic equivalent values and then categorized individuals based on the reported frequency and duration of such activities. Participants reporting 150 minutes or more of moderate-intensity PA per week were considered to have met the PA guidelines. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the relationships between meeting PA guidelines and health status and preventive health behavior, while controlling for confounding variables.
Results
Overall, 53.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9 to 55.9%) of adults reported meeting the recommended levels of PA. Among adults with good general health, 56.9% (95% CI, 54.7 to 59.1%) reported meeting the recommended levels of PA versus 43.1% (95% CI, 40.9 to 45.3%) who did not. Adults who met the PA guidelines were significantly more likely not to report high cholesterol, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, asthma, depression, or overweight. Furthermore, adults meeting the PA guidelines were significantly more likely to report having health insurance, consuming fruits daily, consuming vegetables daily, and not being a current cigarette smoker.
Conclusions
In this study, we found meeting the current guidelines for PA to have a protective relationship with both health status and health behavior in adults. Health promotion programs should focus on strategies that help individuals meet the current guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity PA.

Summary

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Determinants of Poor Self-rated Health in Korean Adults With Diabetes: Hwi-Won Lee, Minkyo Song, Jae Jeong Yang, Daehee Kang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):287-300. Published online October 23, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.048

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Self-rated health is a measure of perceived health widely used in epidemiological studies. Our study investigated the determinants of poor self-rated health in middle-aged Korean adults with diabetes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Health Examinees Study. A total of 9759 adults aged 40 to 69 years who reported having physician-diagnosed diabetes were analyzed with regard to a range of health determinants, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, and physical variables, in association with self-rated health status using multivariate logistic regression models. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results
We found that negative psychosocial conditions, including frequent stress events and severe distress according to the psychosocial well-being index, were most strongly associated with poor self-rated health (odds ratio [OR]_{Frequent stress events}, 5.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.63 to 6.29; OR_{Severe distress}, 11.08; 95% CI, 8.77 to 14.00). Moreover, younger age and being underweight or obese were shown to be associated with poor self-rated health. Physical factors relating to participants’ medical history of diabetes, such as a younger age at diagnosis, a longer duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, hemoglobin A_1c levels of 6.5% or more, and comorbidities, were other correlates of poor reported health.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, in addition to medical variables, unfavorable socioeconomic factors, and adverse lifestyle behaviors, younger age, being underweight or obese, and psychosocial stress could be distinc factors in predicting negative perceived health status in Korean adults with diabetes.

Summary

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Prevalence of Depressive Disorder of Outpatients Visiting Two Primary Care Settings: Sun-Jin Jo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Hoo Rim Song, Sang Yhun Ju, Jong Lyul Kim, Tae-Youn Jun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(5):257-263. Published online September 21, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.009

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Although the prevalence of depressive disorders in South Korea’s general population is known, no reports on the prevalence of depression among patients who visit primary care facilities have been published. This preliminary study was conducted to identify the prevalence of depressive disorder in patients that visit two primary care facilities.
Methods
Among 231 consecutive eligible patients who visited two primary care settings, 184 patients consented to a diagnostic interview for depression by psychiatrists following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, or level of education between the groups that consented and declined the diagnostic examination. The prevalence of depressive disorder and the proportion of newly diagnosed patients among depressive disorder patients were calculated.
Results
The prevalence of depressive disorder of patients in the two primary care facilities was 14.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1 to 19.2), with major depressive disorder 5.4% (95% CI, 2.1 to 8.7), dysthymia 1.1% (95% CI, 0.0 to 2.6), and depressive disorder, not otherwise specified 7.6% (95% CI, 3.7 to 11.5). Among the 26 patients with depressive disorder, 19 patients were newly diagnosed.
Conclusions
As compared to the general population, a higher prevalence of depressive disorders was observed among patients at two primary care facilities. Further study is needed with larger samples to inform the development of a primary care setting-based depression screening, management, and referral system to increase the efficiency of limited health care resources.

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Drinking Patterns Among Korean Adults: Results of the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey: So Yeon Ryu, Catherine M. Crespi, Annette E. Maxwell; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(4):183-191. Published online July 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.4.183

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

In Korea, the proportion of deaths due to alcohol is estimated at 8.9%, far exceeding the global estimate of 3.8%. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the factors associated with low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk drinking patterns in Korean adults and to identify target populations for prevention and control of alcohol-related diseases and deaths.

Methods

We analyzed data from 230 715 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between socio-demographic and health-related factors and patterns of alcohol use.

Results

A substantially larger proportion of men than women engaged in high risk (21.2% vs. 3.4%) and moderate-risk alcohol use (15.5% vs. 8.2%). In both sexes, moderate- and high-risk uses were associated with younger age, higher income, being currently employed, smoking, being overweight/obese, and good self-rated health.

Conclusions

Given the large proportion of the population that is engaging in moderate- and high-risk drinking and given the social norms that support this behavior, public health policies and campaigns to reduce alcohol consumption targeting the entire population are indicated.

Summary

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Special Articles

Methylmercury Exposure and Health Effects: Young-Seoub Hong, Yu-Mi Kim, Kyung-Eun Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(6):353-363. Published online November 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.6.353

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Abstract PDF

Methylmercury is a hazardous substance that is of interest with regard to environmental health, as inorganic mercury circulating in the general environment is dissolved into freshwater and seawater, condensed through the food chain, ingested by humans, and consequently affects human health. Recently, there has been much interest and discussion regarding the toxicity of methylmercury, the correlation with fish and shellfish intake, and methods of long-term management of the human health effects of methylmercury. What effects chronic exposure to a low concentration of methylmercury has on human health remains controversial. Although the possibility of methylmercury poisoning the heart and blood vessel system, the reproductive system, and the immune system is continuously raised and discussed, and the carcinogenicity of methylmercury is also under discussion, a clear conclusion regarding the human health effects according to exposure level has not yet been drawn. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives proposed to prepare additional fish and shellfish intake recommendations for consumers based on the quantified evaluation of the hazardousness of methylmercury contained in fish and shellfish, methylmercury management in the Korea has not yet caught up with this international trend. Currently, the methylmercury exposure level of Koreans is known to be very high. The starting point of methylmercury exposure management is inorganic mercury in the general environment, but food intake through methylation is the main exposure source. Along with efforts to reduce mercury in the general environment, food intake management should be undertaken to reduce the human exposure to methylmercury in Korea.

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Neurological Impacts of Chronic Methylmercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Adults: Somatosensory, Motor, and Cognitive Abnormalities
Rogério Adas Ayres de Oliveira, Bruna Duarte Pinto, Bruno Hojo Rebouças, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos, Paulo Cesar Basta
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10270. CrossRef
BMAA, Methylmercury, and Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Dolphins: A Natural Model of Toxin Exposure
David A. Davis, Susanna P. Garamszegi, Sandra Anne Banack, Patrick D. Dooley, Thomas M. Coyne, Dylan W. McLean, David S. Rotstein, Deborah C. Mash, Paul Alan Cox
Toxins.2021; 13(10): 697. CrossRef
Neuroligin-1 Is a Mediator of Methylmercury Neuromuscular Toxicity
Jakob T Gunderson, Ashley E Peppriell, Ian N Krout, Daria Vorojeikina, Matthew D Rand
Toxicological Sciences.2021; 184(2): 236. CrossRef
Latent effects of early-life methylmercury exposure on motor function in Drosophila
Ashley E. Peppriell, Jakob T. Gunderson, Ian N. Krout, Daria Vorojeikina, Matthew D. Rand
Neurotoxicology and Teratology.2021; 88: 107037. CrossRef
Dietary Exposure of the Taiwan Population to Mercury Content in Various Seafood Assessed by a Total Diet Study
Pinpin Lin, Fan-Hua Nan, Min-Pei Ling
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(22): 12227. CrossRef
Association of Blood Mercury Levels with the Risks of Overweight and High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ky Young Cho
Children.2021; 8(12): 1087. CrossRef
Unlocking the Potential of Fish to Improve Food and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Rodney T. Muringai, Paramu Mafongoya, Romano T. Lottering, Raymond Mugandani, Denver Naidoo
Sustainability.2021; 14(1): 318. CrossRef
Thiol-Functionalization Carbonaceous Adsorbents for the Removal of Methyl-Mercury from Water in the ppb Levels
Evgenios Kokkinos, Aggeliki Lampou, Ioannis Kellartzis, Dimitrios Karfaridis, Anastasios Zouboulis
Water.2021; 14(1): 49. CrossRef
Metals and arsenic in marine fish commercialized in the NE Brazil: Risk to human health
Carlos Alberto da Silva, Silvia de Oliveira Santos, Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia, Gabriela Cugler de Pontes, Julio Cesar Wasserman
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal.2020; 26(3): 695. CrossRef
A critical review of mercury speciation, bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant environment: Ecotoxicology and health risk assessment
Natasha, Muhammad Shahid, Sana Khalid, Irshad Bibi, Jochen Bundschuh, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Camille Dumat
Science of The Total Environment.2020; 711: 134749. CrossRef
Mercury dynamics in macroinvertebrates in relation to environmental factors in a highly impacted tropical estuary: Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific
Diego Esteban Gamboa-García, Guillermo Duque, Pilar Cogua, José Luis Marrugo-Negrete
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2020; 27(4): 4044. CrossRef
Environmental chronic exposure to metals and effects on attention and executive function in the general population
Ata Rafiee, Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit, Peter D. Sly, Bernadette Quémerais, Fallah Hashemi, Sadaf Akbari, Mohammad Hoseini
Science of The Total Environment.2020; 705: 135911. CrossRef
Recent developments in environmental mercury bioremediation and its toxicity: A review
Shivani Kumari, Amit, Rahul Jamwal, Neha Mishra, Dileep Kumar Singh
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management.2020; 13: 100283. CrossRef
Characterization of trace elements exposure in pregnant women in the United States, NHANES 1999–2016.
Christina Vaughan Watson, Michael Lewin, Angela Ragin-Wilson, Robert Jones, Jeffery M. Jarrett, Kristen Wallon, Cynthia Ward, Nolan Hilliard, Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell
Environmental Research.2020; 183: 109208. CrossRef
Fast and sensitive fluorescent detection of inorganic mercury species and methylmercury using a fluorescent probe based on the displacement reaction of arylboronic acid with the mercury species
Lok Nath Neupane, Joohee Park, Pramod Kumar Mehta, Eun-Taex Oh, Heon Joo Park, Keun-Hyeung Lee
Chemical Communications.2020; 56(19): 2941. CrossRef
Association of blood mercury levels with nonmelanoma skin cancer in the U.S.A. using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003–2016)
J. Rhee, T.M. Vance, R. Lim, D.C. Christiani, A.A. Qureshi, E. Cho
British Journal of Dermatology.2020; 183(3): 480. CrossRef
A combined spectroscopic and ab initio study of the transmetalation of a polyphenol as a potential purification strategy for food additives
Tuhin Kumar Maji, Damayanti Bagchi, Nivedita Pan, Ali Sayqal, Moataz Morad, Saleh A. Ahmed, Debjani Karmakar, Samir Kumar Pal
RSC Advances.2020; 10(10): 5636. CrossRef
Canadian Arctic Contaminants and Their Effects on the Maternal Brain and Behaviour: A Scoping Review of the Animal Literature
Claire Fong-McMaster, Sandra Konji, Amanda Nitschke, Anne TM Konkle
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(3): 926. CrossRef
Tissue distribution of mercury and copper after Aarogyavardhini Vati treatment in rat model of CCl4 induced chronic hepatotoxicity
Shrirang Jamadagni, Pallavi Jamadagni, Binita Angom, Dhirendranath Mondal, Sachchidanand Upadhyay, Sudesh Gaidhani, Jayram Hazra
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine.2020; 11(4): 508. CrossRef
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Extraction of Heavy Metal Ions and Toxic Dyes
Gaurav Sharma, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data.2020; 65(2): 396. CrossRef
Facile synthesis of polyphenol mediated metal nanocomposites for selective sensing of methylmercury
Zarina Ansari, Pritam Singh, Kamalika Sen
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2020; 8(4): 103838. CrossRef
Fluorescent Detection of Methyl Mercury in Aqueous Solution and Live Cells Using Fluorescent Probe and Micelle Systems
Semin Oh, Jongyong Jeon, Jaewook Jeong, Joohee Park, Eun-Taex Oh, Heon Joo Park, Keun-Hyeung Lee
Analytical Chemistry.2020; 92(7): 4917. CrossRef
Health risks from trace elements in muscles of some commonly available fish in Australia and India
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Muhammad Tahir Shehzad, Amaresh Kumar Nayak, Shruti Sharma, Marjana Yeasmin, Srikanta Samanta, Ray Correll, Ravi Naidu
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2020; 27(17): 21000. CrossRef
Removal of toxic metals from water using chitosan-based magnetic adsorbents. A review
Giani de Vargas Brião, Júlia Resende de Andrade, Meuris Gurgel Carlos da Silva, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
Environmental Chemistry Letters.2020; 18(4): 1145. CrossRef
Novel nitrogen-doped carbon dots prepared under microwave-irradiation for highly sensitive detection of mercury ions
Ali Ghanem, Rama Al-Qassar Bani Al-Marjeh, Yomen Atassi
Heliyon.2020; 6(4): e03750. CrossRef
Survey of Methylmercury Exposures and Risk Factors Among Indigenous Communities in Guyana, South America
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Journal of Health and Pollution.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Environmental monitoring of total mercury content in different marine compartments after cold vapor generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination
Emilia Vassileva, Agnieszka Anna Krata, Sabine Azemard
Accreditation and Quality Assurance.2020; 25(3): 221. CrossRef
Mercury from crematoriums: human health risk assessment and estimate of total emissions in British Columbia
Haley Piagno, Reza Afshari
Canadian Journal of Public Health.2020; 111(6): 1011. CrossRef
Mercury Exposure and Associations with Hyperlipidemia and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey
Seungho Lee, Sung-Ran Cho, Inchul Jeong, Jae Bum Park, Mi-Yeon Shin, Sungkyoon Kim, Jin Hee Kim
Toxics.2020; 8(3): 47. CrossRef
Chalcogen–mercury bond formation and disruption in model Rabenstein's reactions: A computational analysis
Andrea Madabeni, Marco Dalla Tiezza, Folorunsho Bright Omage, Pablo Andrei Nogara, Marco Bortoli, João Batista Teixeira Rocha, Laura Orian
Journal of Computational Chemistry.2020; 41(23): 2045. CrossRef
Current issues of environmental mercury pollution (review)
V. N. Rakitskii, T. A. Synitskaya, Sergeii V. Skupnevskii
Hygiene and sanitation.2020; 99(5): 460. CrossRef
The Stakeholder’s Position Map Related to the Mercury Pollution Reduction Program in Bombana Area, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Basri, Masayuki Sakakibara
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2020; 536(1): 012008. CrossRef
Regulation of Single-Channel Conductance of Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel by Mercuric Chloride in a Planar Lipid Bilayer
Chetan Malik, Subhendu Ghosh
The Journal of Membrane Biology.2020; 253(4): 357. CrossRef
System Dynamics Modelling of the Global Extraction, Supply, Price, Reserves, Resources and Environmental Losses of Mercury
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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Cannabis Contaminants Limit Pharmacological Use of Cannabidiol
Zackary Montoya, Matthieu Conroy, Brian D. Vanden Heuvel, Christopher S. Pauli, Sang-Hyuck Park
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of sulfide, chloride and dissolved organic matter on mercury adsorption by activated carbon in aqueous system
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Sustainable Environment Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Mercury level in biological samples of dentists in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Ali Esrafili, Yousef Moradi, Norouz Mahmoudi
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V. N. Rakitskii, T. A. Synitskaya, Sergeii V. Skupnevskii
Hygiene and sanitation.2020; 99(5): 460. CrossRef
A New Low-Cost and Reliable Method to Evaluate the Release of Hg0 from Synthetic Materials
Marta Lazzaroni, Barbara Nisi, Daniele Rappuoli, Jacopo Cabassi, Orlando Vaselli
Processes.2020; 8(10): 1282. CrossRef
Tethered Silanoxymercuration of Allylic Alcohols
Anand H. Shinde, Shyam Sathyamoorthi
Organic Letters.2020; 22(21): 8665. CrossRef
Comparison of Resection and Liver Transplant in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Suleyman Ozkan Aksoy, Tarkan Unek, Ali İbrahim Sevinc, Baha Arslan, Haluk Sirin, Zekai Serhan Derici, Hulya Ellidokuz, Ozgul Sagol, Cihan Agalar, İbrahim Astarcıoglu
Experimental and Clinical Transplantation.2020; 18(6): 712. CrossRef
Mercury Concentration Testing in Local Fish Populations in Anguilla with Correlations of Potential Complications Related to Long Term Mercury Ingestion in Caribbean Populations
Samith Ahmed, Samira Abdul Wajid, Sean Donohue, Rachel Pennington, Samuel Pesch, Natalie Russell
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2020; 9(42): 3117. CrossRef
Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions
Angela Maria Stortini, Maria Antonietta Baldo, Giulia Moro, Federico Polo, Ligia Maria Moretto
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Rational Design of an Ion-Imprinted Polymer for Aqueous Methylmercury Sorption
Ruddy L. M. Mesa, Javier E. L. Villa, Sabir Khan, Rafaella R. Alves Peixoto, Marcelo A. Morgano, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, Maria D. P. T. Sotomayor, Gino Picasso
Nanomaterials.2020; 10(12): 2541. CrossRef
Variation in the Content of Different Forms of Mercury in River Catchments of the Southern Baltic Sea – Case Study
Karolina Gębka, Magdalena Bełdowska
Polish Hyperbaric Research.2020; 72(3): 63. CrossRef
Mercurio total en hígado de Trachemys callirostris (Gray, 1856) (Testudines: Emydidae) en tres zonas de la Mojana, Sucre-Colombia
Mayra Alejandra Meza-Martínez, Jaime De La Ossa-Velázquez, Jesús Hernández-Gómez, José Marrugo-Negrete
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The relationship between omega‐3 fatty acids and blood pressure
Christy Abraham, Robert C. Speth
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research.2019; 10(2): 161. CrossRef
Mercury mobility and effects in the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides: Uptake, transport, and toxicity and tolerance mechanisms
Maria Teresa Cabrita, Bernardo Duarte, Rute Cesário, Ricardo Mendes, Holger Hintelmann, Kevin Eckey, Brian Dimock, Isabel Caçador, João Canário
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 650: 111. CrossRef
Selenium and zinc protections against metal-(loids)-induced toxicity and disease manifestations: A review
Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain, Subrata Banik, Md. Tajuddin Sikder, Mahmuda Akter, Serene Ezra Corpus Bondad, Md. Shiblur Rahaman, Toshiyuki Hosokawa, Takeshi Saito, Masaaki Kurasaki
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2019; 168: 146. CrossRef
Association between methylmercury environmental exposure and neurological disorders: A systematic review
Bruna Puty, Luana Ketlen Reis Leão, Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez, Anna Paula Costa Ponte Sousa Carvalho Almeida, Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Lucianne Cople Maia, Rafael Rodrigues Lima
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Methyl-mercury induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways activation in rat cortical neurons
Wei Liu, Tianyao Yang, Zhaofa Xu, Bin Xu, Yu Deng
Free Radical Research.2019; 53(1): 26. CrossRef
Associations of blood mercury and fatty acid concentrations with blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study
Yiyi Xu, Karin Wahlberg, Tanzy M. Love, Gene E. Watson, Alison J. Yeates, Maria S. Mulhern, Emeir M. McSorley, J.J. Strain, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Matthew D. Rand, G.J. Myers, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Karin Broberg
Environment International.2019; 124: 278. CrossRef
Trophodynamics and mercury bioaccumulation in reef and open-ocean fishes from The Bahamas with a focus on two teleost predators
ON Shipley, CS Lee, NS Fisher, G Burruss, MG Frisk, EJ Brooks, ZC Zuckerman, AD Herrmann, DJ Madigan
Marine Ecology Progress Series.2019; 608: 221. CrossRef
Methylmercury's chemistry: From the environment to the mammalian brain
Pablo A. Nogara, Cláudia S. Oliveira, Gabriela L. Schmitz, Paulo C. Piquini, Marcelo Farina, Michael Aschner, João B.T. Rocha
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2019; 1863(12): 129284. CrossRef
Human exposure to mercury and its hematological effects: a systematic review
Angélica dos Santos Vianna, Elisabete Pedra de Matos, Iracina Maura de Jesus, Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes Asmus, Volney de Magalhães Câmara
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Spatio-temporal impact of salinated mine water on Lake Jormasjärvi, Finland
Jaakko Johannes Leppänen, Tomi P. Luoto, Jan Weckström
Environmental Pollution.2019; 247: 1078. CrossRef
An overview of worldwide and regional time trends in total mercury levels in human blood and breast milk from 1966 to 2015 and their associations with health effects
Brij Mohan Sharma, Ondřej Sáňka, Jiří Kalina, Martin Scheringer
Environment International.2019; 125: 300. CrossRef
A 2000-year sediment record reveals rapidly changing sedimentation and land use since the 1960s in the Upper Mara-Serengeti Ecosystem
Christopher L. Dutton, Amanda L. Subalusky, Troy D. Hill, Julie C. Aleman, Emma J. Rosi, Kennedy B. Onyango, Kanuni Kanuni, Jenny A. Cousins, A. Carla Staver, David M. Post
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 664: 148. CrossRef
Transgenerational Effects of Periconception Heavy Metal Administration on Adipose Weight and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice at Maturity
Cagri Camsari, Joseph K Folger, Sandeep K Rajput, Devin McGee, Keith E Latham, George W Smith
Toxicological Sciences.2019; 168(2): 610. CrossRef
Mercury-induced inflammation and autoimmunity
K. Michael Pollard, David M. Cauvi, Christopher B. Toomey, Per Hultman, Dwight H. Kono
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2019; 1863(12): 129299. CrossRef
Spatial distribution of mercury in seawater, sediment, and seafood from the Hardangerfjord ecosystem, Norway
Atabak M. Azad, Sylvia Frantzen, Michael S. Bank, Ingrid A. Johnsen, Emmanuel Tessier, David Amouroux, Lise Madsen, Amund Maage
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Mercury in aquatic fauna contamination: A systematic review on its dynamics and potential health risks
Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Luciano Neves dos Santos, Carlos Adam Conte Junior
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Plant components can reduce methylmercury toxication: A mini-review
Jie Chang, Yun Zhou, Qiang Wang, Michael Aschner, Rongzhu Lu
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Impacts of selenium supplementation on soil mercury speciation, and inorganic mercury and methylmercury uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Xiaohang Xu, Min Yan, Longchao Liang, Qinhui Lu, Jialiang Han, Lin Liu, Xinbin Feng, Jianyang Guo, Yajie Wang, Guangle Qiu
Environmental Pollution.2019; 249: 647. CrossRef
Distribution of mercury and methylmercury in surface water and surface sediment of river, irrigation canal, reservoir, and wetland in Taiwan
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2019; 26(17): 17762. CrossRef
Laparoscopic appendectomy for elemental mercury sequestration in the appendix: A case report
Gregor Norčič, Žan Čebron, Primož Sever, Jan Grosek, Aleš Tomažič
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(9): 1038. CrossRef
Effects of Methylmercury and Theaflavin Digallate on Adipokines in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Shubhangi Chauhan, Kriya Dunlap, Lawrence K. Duffy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(11): 2755. CrossRef
In vivo oral bioavailability of fish mercury and comparison with in vitro bioaccessibility
Wanze Li, Wen-Xiong Wang
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 683: 648. CrossRef
Smartphone Coupled with a Paper-Based Colorimetric Device for Sensitive and Portable Mercury Ion Sensing
M. Firdaus, Angga Aprian, Nessi Meileza, Marti Hitsmi, Rina Elvia, Lena Rahmidar, Renat Khaydarov
Chemosensors.2019; 7(2): 25. CrossRef
Minireview: Plausible Applications of Chemical Sensors for the Detection of Toxic Metal Ions
Mikolaj Wituszyñski, Shiva Prasad Kollur
Analytical Chemistry Letters.2019; 9(2): 113. CrossRef
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Alison J. Falck, Sripriya Sundararajan, Faeq Al-Mudares, Stephen A. Contag, Cynthia F. Bearer
Pediatric Research.2019; 86(4): 510. CrossRef
Nanocatalyst/Nanoplasmon‐Enabled Detection of Organic Mercury: A One‐Minute Visual Test
Paolo Donati, Mauro Moglianetti, Marina Veronesi, Mirko Prato, Giuseppina Tatulli, Tiziano Bandiera, Pier Paolo Pompa
Angewandte Chemie International Edition.2019; 58(30): 10285. CrossRef
Wastewater-based epidemiology as a novel assessment approach for population-level metal exposure
Christopher Markosian, Natella Mirzoyan
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 689: 1125. CrossRef
Curcumin protects against methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway independently of PKCδ
Bobo Yang, Changsheng Yin, Yun Zhou, Qiang Wang, Yuanyue Jiang, Yu Bai, Hai Qian, Guangwei Xing, Suhua Wang, Fang Li, Yun Feng, Yubin Zhang, Jiyang Cai, Michael Aschner, Rongzhu Lu
Toxicology.2019; 425: 152248. CrossRef
Mercury speciation in prenatal exposure in Slovenian and Croatian population – PHIME study
Ajda Trdin, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Darja Mazej, Vesna Fajon, Mladen Krsnik, Joško Osredkar, Igor Prpić, Zdravko Špirić, Oleg Petrović, Janja Marc, David Neubauer, Jana Kodrič, Alfred B. Kobal, Fabio Barbone, Ingrid Falnoga, Milena Horvat
Environmental Research.2019; 177: 108627. CrossRef
Optimising healthy and safe fish intake recommendations: a trade-off between personal preference and cost
Maria Persson, Sisse Fagt, Maarten J. Nauta
British Journal of Nutrition.2019; 122(2): 206. CrossRef
Nanocatalyst/Nanoplasmon‐Enabled Detection of Organic Mercury: A One‐Minute Visual Test
Paolo Donati, Mauro Moglianetti, Marina Veronesi, Mirko Prato, Giuseppina Tatulli, Tiziano Bandiera, Pier Paolo Pompa
Angewandte Chemie.2019; 131(30): 10391. CrossRef
Risk assessment of methylmercury in pregnant women and newborns in the island of Madeira (Portugal) using exposure biomarkers and food-frequency questionnaires
Tiago Caetano, Vasco Branco, Afonso Cavaco, Cristina Carvalho
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A.2019; 82(14): 833. CrossRef
Mercury chloride exposure induces DNA damage, reduces fertility, and alters somatic and germline cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries
Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez, Diana Madrigal-Zarraga, Rocío García-Martínez, Muriel Boube, María Elena Calderón-Segura, Justine Oyallon
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2019; 26(31): 32322. CrossRef
Oxidative Damage in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast (hPLF) after Methylmercury Exposure
Lygia S. Nogueira, Carolina P. Vasconcelos, Geovanni Pereira Mitre, Maria Sueli da Silva Kataoka, Marcelo O. Lima, Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira, Rafael R. Lima
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Mercury Concentrations in Fresh and Canned Tuna: A Review
Girish Kumar
Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture.2018; 26(1): 111. CrossRef
Atmospheric wet deposition of mercury to the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
Mary Lynam, J. Timothy Dvonch, James Barres, Kevin Percy
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health.2018; 11(1): 83. CrossRef
Mercury content of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) from southern New England coastal habitats: Contamination in an emergent fishery and risks to human consumers
David L. Taylor, Nicholas M. Calabrese
Marine Pollution Bulletin.2018; 126: 166. CrossRef
Dynamics of mercury solid phase extraction using Barbula lambarenensis
Paul N. Diagboya, Ezekiel D. Dikio
Environmental Technology & Innovation.2018; 9: 275. CrossRef
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Hg2+ Ion Probe Using Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Polyethyleneimine
Kyung Min Kim, Yun-Sik Nam, Yeonhee Lee, Kang-Bong Lee
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
A Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Alkylmercury in Seawater and Industrial Wastewater by Phenylation Pretreatment Combined with GC-MS
Kaori Shigeta, Hiroaki Tao, Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Tomoaki Kondo, Tetsuya Nakazato
Analytical Sciences.2018; 34(2): 227. CrossRef
Role of autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity
C. Pellacani, L.G. Costa
Environmental Pollution.2018; 235: 791. CrossRef
Mercury Bioaccumulation in Tropical Mangrove Wetland Fishes: Evaluating Potential Risk to Coastal Wildlife
Dung Quang Le, Behara Satyanarayana, Siau Yin Fui, Kotaro Shirai
Biological Trace Element Research.2018; 186(2): 538. CrossRef
Selenoprotein P as the major transporter for mercury in serum from methylmercury-poisoned rats
Yang Liu, Wei Zhang, Jiating Zhao, Xiaoying Lin, Jiamei Liu, Liwei Cui, Yuxi Gao, Tian-Lan Zhang, Bai Li, Yu-Feng Li
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2018; 50: 589. CrossRef
Mercury Contamination in Diamondback Terrapins in New Jersey
Natalie Sherwood, Meiyin Wu, Peddrick Weis
Environmental Management.2018; 62(4): 756. CrossRef
Activation of ornithine decarboxylase protects against methylmercury toxicity by increasing putrescine
Masayuki Sato, Takashi Toyama, Jin-Yong Lee, Nobuhiko Miura, Akira Naganuma, Gi-Wook Hwang
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2018; 356: 120. CrossRef
Personalised fish intake recommendations: the effect of background exposure on optimisation
Maria Persson, Sisse Fagt, Maarten J. Nauta
British Journal of Nutrition.2018; 120(8): 946. CrossRef
Efficient “turn-on” nanosensor by dual emission-quenching mechanism of functionalized Se doped ZnO nanorods for mercury (II) detection
A. V. R. Krishna Rao, Ramesh B. Reddy, Sagnik Sengupta, Venkatesh Chelvam
Applied Nanoscience.2018; 8(8): 1973. CrossRef
Neurobehavioral and oxidative stress alterations following methylmercury and retinyl palmitate co-administration in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring
Pedro Espitia-Pérez, Suelen Marin Albino, Lyda Espitia-Pérez, Hugo Brango, Helen da Rosa, Alexandre Kleber Silveira, Diogo Pompéu Moraes, Camila Cerveira, Moara Mingori, Camila Tiefensee Ribeiro, Daniel Pens Gelain, Carlos Eduardo Schnorr, José Cláudio Fo
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2D and 3D carbon-based adsorbents for an efficient removal of HgII ions: A review
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FlatChem.2018; 11: 1. CrossRef
Colorimetric detection and ratiometric quantification of mercury(ii) using azophenol dye: ‘dip & read’ based handheld prototype device development
Gagandeep Singh, Pushap Raj, Harupjit Singh, Narinder Singh
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Burden of Mild Mental Retardation attributed to prenatal methylmercury exposure in Amazon: local and regional estimates
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos, Paulo Rubens Guimarães Barrocas, Claudia Maribel Vega Ruiz, Dennys de Souza Mourão, Sandra de Souza Hacon
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2018; 23(11): 3535. CrossRef
Methylmercury Induces Cytotoxicity through Inhibition of PTEN Activity by a Decrease in Its Solubility
Takumi Kobayashi, Takashi Toyama, Jin-Yong Lee, Nobuhiko Miura, Shusuke Kuge, Akira Naganuma, Gi-Wook Hwang
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Memantine, a Low-Affinity NMDA Receptor Antagonist, Protects against Methylmercury-Induced Cytotoxicity of Rat Primary Cultured Cortical Neurons, Involvement of Ca2+ Dyshomeostasis Antagonism, and Indirect Antioxidation Effects
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Molecular Neurobiology.2017; 54(7): 5034. CrossRef
Temporal variability of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in elderly panel study (2008–2014)
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International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2017; 220(2): 407. CrossRef
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Serum heavy metals and lung function in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort
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The Singapore Field Epidemiology Service: Insights Into Outbreak Management: Peng-Lim Ooi, Theresa Seetoh, Jeffery Cutter; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(5):277-282. Published online September 28, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.5.277

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Abstract PDF

Field epidemiology involves the implementation of quick and targeted public health interventions with the aid of epidemiological methods. In this article, we share our practical experiences in outbreak management and in safeguarding the population against novel diseases. Given that cities represent the financial nexuses of the global economy, global health security necessitates the safeguard of cities against epidemic diseases. Singapore's public health landscape has undergone a systemic and irreversible shift with global connectivity, rapid urbanization, ecological change, increased affluence, as well as shifting demographic patterns over the past two decades. Concomitantly, the threat of epidemics, ranging from severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza A (H1N1) to the resurgence of vector-borne diseases as well as the rise of modern lifestyle-related outbreaks, have worsened difficulties in safeguarding public health amidst much elusiveness and unpredictability. One critical factor that has helped the country overcome these innate and man-made public health vulnerabilities is the development of a resilient field epidemiology service, which includes our enhancement of surveillance and response capacities for outbreak management, and investment in public health leadership. We offer herein the Singapore story as a case study in meeting the challenges of disease control in our modern built environment.

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English Abstract

Epidemiological Investigation for Outbreak of Food Poisoning Caused by Bacillus cereus Among the Workers at a Local Company in 2010.: Kum Bal Choi, Hyun Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Gyoung Yim Ha, Kwang Hyun Jung, Chang Kyu Sohn; J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(2):65-73.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.2.65

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OBJECTIVES
In July 2 2010, a diarrhea outbreak occurred among the workers in a company in Gyeungju city, Korea. An epidemiological investigation was performed to clarify the cause and transmission route of the outbreak. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey among 193 persons, and we examined 21 rectal swabs and 6 environmental specimens. We also delegated the Daegu Bukgu public health center to examine 3 food service employees and 5 environmental specimens from the P buffet which served a buffet on June 30. The patient case was defined as a worker of L Corporation and who participated in the company meal service and who had diarrhea more than one time. We also collected the underground water filter of the company on July 23. RESULTS: The attack rate of diarrhea among the employees was 20.3%. The epidemic curve showed that a single exposure peaked on July 1. The relative risk of attendance and non-attendance by date was highest for the lunch of June 30 (35.62; 95% CI, 2.25 to 574.79). There was no specific food that was statistically regarded as the source of the outbreak. Bacillus cereus was cultured from two of the rectal swabs, two of the preserved foods and the underground water filter. We thought the exposure date was lunch of June 30 according the latency period of B. cereus. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded the route of transmission was infection of dishes, spoons and chopsticks in the lunch buffet of June 30 by the underground water. At the lunch buffet, 50 dishes, 40 spoons, and chopsticks were served as cleaned and wiped with a dishcloth. We thought the underground water contaminated the dishes, spoons, chopsticks and the dishcloth. Those contaminated materials became the cause of this outbreak.

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Microbiological Contamination of Shellfish Jeotgal Sold in Traditional Markets in the Southeastern Region During Winter
Hyuk Soo HONG, Eun Bi JEON, Eun Hee PARK, Hee Bum JUNG, Shin Young PARK
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Bacillus cereus: A review of “fried rice syndrome” causative agents
Sui Sien Leong, Figen Korel, Jie Hung King
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Outbreaks, Germination, and Inactivation of Bacillus cereus in Food Products: A Review
Won Choi, Sang-Soon Kim
Journal of Food Protection.2020; 83(9): 1480. CrossRef
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Nadja Jessberger, Richard Dietrich, Per Einar Granum, Erwin Märtlbauer
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Surveillance of Bacillus cereus Isolates in Korea from 2012 to 2014
Su-Mi Jung, Nan-Ok Kim, Injun Cha, Hae-young Na, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyo Sun Kawk, Sahyun Hong
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(1): 71. CrossRef
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Jungho Yu, Changkeun Wang, Inchul Shin, Donguk Kim, Kwisung Park
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2016; 42(3): 189. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Microbiology.2016; 52(3): 260. CrossRef
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Reviews

Identification and Application of Biomarkers in Molecular and Genomic Epidemiologic Research.: Kyoung Mu Lee, Sohee Han, Woong Yang Park, Daehee Kang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(6):349-355.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.6.349

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Abstract PDF

Biomarkers are characteristic biological properties that can be detected and measured in a variety of biological matrices in the human body, including the blood and tissue, to give an indication of whether there is a threat of disease, if a disease already exists, or how such a disease may develop in an individual case. Along the continuum from exposure to clinical disease and progression, exposure, internal dose, biologically effective dose, early biological effect, altered structure and/or function, clinical disease, and disease progression can potentially be observed and quantified using biomarkers. While the traditional discovery of biomarkers has been a slow process, the advent of molecular and genomic medicine has resulted in explosive growth in the discovery of new biomarkers. In this review, issues in evaluating biomarkers will be discussed and the biomarkers of environmental exposure, early biologic effect, and susceptibility identified and validated in epidemiological studies will be summarized. The spectrum of genomic approaches currently used to identify and apply biomarkers and strategies to validate genomic biomarkers will also be discussed.

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Could 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 Ser326Cys polymorphism be a biomarker of susceptibility in cancer?
Bensu Karahalil, Ayşe Başak Engin, Erdem Coşkun
Toxicology and Industrial Health.2014; 30(9): 814. CrossRef
Application of classic epidemiological studies and proteomics in research of occupational and environmental exposure to lead, cadmium and arsenic
Barbara Kossowska, Ilona Dudka, Roman Gancarz, Jolanta Antonowicz-Juchniewicz
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2013; 216(1): 1. CrossRef
The vanishing zero revisited: Thresholds in the age of genomics
Helmut Zarbl, Michael A. Gallo, James Glick, Ka Yee Yeung, Paul Vouros
Chemico-Biological Interactions.2010; 184(1-2): 273. CrossRef

Issues in the Design of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiologic Studies.: Jay H Fowke; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(6):343-348.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.6.343

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The final decision of study design in molecular and genetic epidemiology is usually a compromise between the research study aims and a number of logistical and ethical barriers that may limit the feasibility of the study or the interpretation of results. Although biomarker measurements may improve exposure or disease assessments, it is necessary to address the possibility that biomarker measurement inserts additional sources of misclassification and confounding that may lead to inconsistencies across the research literature. Studies targeting multi-causal diseases and investigating gene-environment interactions must not only meet the needs of a traditional epidemiologic study but also the needs of the biomarker investigation. This paper is intended to highlight the major issues that need to be considered when developing an epidemiologic study utilizing biomarkers. These issues covers from molecular and genetic epidemiology (MGE) study designs including cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, clinical trials, nested case-control, and case-only studies to matching the study design to the MGE research goals. This review summarizes logistical barriers and the most common epidemiological study designs most relevant to MGE and describes the strengths and limitations of each approach in the context of common MGE research aims to meet specific MEG objectives.

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The Search for Clinically Useful Biomarkers of Complex Disease: A Data Analysis Perspective
Elizabeth C. Considine
Metabolites.2019; 9(7): 126. CrossRef
Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders
Beate Pesch, Tobias Weiss, Benjamin Kendzia, Jana Henry, Martin Lehnert, Anne Lotz, Evelyn Heinze, Heiko Udo Käfferlein, Rainer Van Gelder, Markus Berges, Jens-Uwe Hahn, Markus Mattenklott, Ewald Punkenburg, Andrea Hartwig, Thomas Brüning
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology.2012; 22(3): 291. CrossRef

English Abstract

The Current Trend of Avian Influenza Viruses in Bioinformatics Research.: Insung Ahn, Hyeon S Son; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):185-190.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.185

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OBJECTIVES
Since the first human infection from avian influenza was reported in Hong Kong in 1997, many Asian countries have confirmed outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. In addition to Asian countries, the EU authorities also held an urgent meeting in February 2006 at which it was agreed that Europe could also become the next target for H5N1 avian influenza in the near future. In this paper, we provide the general and applicable information on the avian influenza in the bioinformatics field to assist future studies in preventive medicine. METHODS: We introduced some up-to-date analytical tools in bioinformatics research, and discussed the current trends of avian influenza outbreaks. Among the bioinformatics methods, we focused our interests on two topics: attern analysis using the secondary database of avian influenza, and structural analysis using the molecular dynamics simulations in vaccine design. RESULTS: Use of the public genome databases available in the bioinformatics field enabled intensive analysis of the genetic patterns. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations have also undergone remarkable development on the basis of the high performance supercomputing infrastructure these days. CONCLUSIONS: The bioinformatics techniques we introduced in this study may be useful in preventive medicine, especially in vaccine and drug discovery.

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Identification of novel conserved functional motifs across most Influenza A viral strains
Mahmoud ElHefnawi, Osama AlAidi, Nafisa Mohamed, Mona Kamar, Iman El-Azab, Suher Zada, Rania Siam
Virology Journal.2011;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Current Status of Genomic Epidemiology Research.: Daehee Kang, Kyoung Mu Lee; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):213-222.

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Abstract PDF: Genomic epidemiology is defined as "an evolving field of inquiring that uses the systematic application of epidemiologic methods and approaches in population-based studies of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease (Khoury, 1998) ". Most human diseases are caused by the intricate interaction among environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility factors. Susceptibility genes involved in disease pathogenesis are categorized into two groups: high penetrance genes (i.e., BRAC1, RB, etc.) and low penetrance genes (i.e., GSTs, Cyps, XRCC1, ets.), and low penetrance susceptibility genes has the higher priority for epidemiological research due to high population attributable risk. In this paper, the summarized results of the association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer in Korea were introduced and the international trends of genomic epidemiology research were reviewed with an emphasis on internet-based case-control and cohort consortium.; Summary

Specimen Storage and Analysis for Genomic Epidemiology.: Yun Chul Hong, Kwan Hee Lee; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):209-212.

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Abstract PDF: Because of advances of technologies in the field of genomic epidemiology in the recent years, specimen collection, storage and analysis became an essential part of research methodologies. DNA is now being used in epidemiologic studies to evaluate genetic risk factors and specimens other than the fresh whole blood can be used for PCR. Therefore, All nucleated cells, such as buccal swabs and urine specimens, are suitable for DNA analysis. For an unlimited source of genomic DNA, EBV transformation of lymphocytes can be used for immortalization. However, the type of specimen collected in genomic epidemiologic studies will depend on the study where the epidemiologist play a leading role for the design. We also briefly described various kinds of analysis for SNP that is an essential part of the genomic epidemiology.; Summary

H2 Receptor Antagonists and Gastric Cancer in the Elderly: A Nested Case-Control Study.: Yooni Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Seung Mi Lee, Kyoung Eun Youn, Hye Won Koo, Jong Myon Bae, Byoung Joo Park; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):245-254.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To test if the intake of H2 receptor antagonists (H2-RAs) increases the risk of gastric cancer in the elderly. METHODS: The source population for this study was drawn from the responders to a questionnaire survey administered to the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC), who were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, were at least 65 years old, and residing in Busan in 1993. The information on H2-RAs exposure was obtained from a drug prescription database compiled between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 1994. The cases consisted of 76 gastric cancer patients, as confirmed from the KMIC claims data, the National Cancer Registry and the Busan Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998. Cancer free controls were randomly selected by 1:4 individual matching, which took in to consideration the year of birth and gender. Information on confounders was collected by a mail questionnaire survey. The odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: After adjusting for a history of gastric ulcer symptoms, medication history, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (aOR) was 4.6 (95% CI=1.72-12.49). The odds ratio of long term use (more than 7 days) was 2.3 (95% CI=1.07-4.82). The odds ratio of short term use was 4.6 (95% CI=1.26-16.50). The odds ratio of parenteral use was 4.4 (95% CI=1.16-17.05) and combination use between the oral and parenteral routes (aOR, 16.8; 95% CI=1.21-233.24) had the high risk of gastric cancer. The aOR of cimetidine was 1.7 (95% CI=1.04-2.95). The aOR of ranitidine was 2.0 (95% CI=1.21-3.40). The aOR of famotidine was 1.7 (95% CI=0.98-2.80). CONCLUSION: The intake of H2-RAs might increase the risk of gastric cancer through achlorhydria in the elderly.; Summary

Epidemiologic Methods and Study Designs for Investigating Adverse Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution.: Jong Tae Lee, Ho Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(2):119-126.

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Abstract PDF: Air pollution epidemiologic studies are intrinsically difficult because the expected effect size at general environmental levels is small, exposure and misclassification of exposure are common, and exposure is not selective to a specific pollutant. In this review paper, epidemiologic study designs and analytic methods are described, and two nationwide projects on air pollution epidemiology are introduced. This paper also demonstrates that possible confounding issues in time-series analysis can be resolved and the impact on the use of data from ambient monitoring stations may not be critical. In this paper we provide a basic understanding of the types of air pollution epidemiologic study designs that be subdivided by the mode of air pollution effects on human health (acute or chronic). With the improvements in the area of air pollution epidemiologic studies, we should emphasize that elaborate models and statistical techniques cannot compensate for inadequate study design or poor data collection.; Summary

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in High School Students in Cheju Province .: Seong Chul Hong, Hyun Jong Yang, Jong Myon Bae, Hyun Sik Choi, Hwan Sik Hwang, Hoon Kyu Oh, Dong Hyun Yun; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(3):271-279.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in high school students in Cheju Province, Korea. METHODS: A total of 4,570 high school students from 18 schools in Cheju Province were investigated for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies(IgG) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Risk factors for toxoplasmosis, such as place of residence, type of house, contact with cats and other pets, and rare meat consumption, were examined by questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall antibody positive rate was 5.5% and ranged from 2.6 to 11.5% by school. There was no significant difference between males and females. Statistical analyses of the questionnaire data indicated that the risk factors for seropositivity were: (1) birth place (Cheju/others), (2) place of residence (rural/urban), (3) dietary habits (vegetarian/non vegetarian), (4) eating rare meat, (5) exposure to pets and (6) hepatitis B. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody in a population of high school students in Cheju Province was to the previously reported prevalence.; Summary

Epidemiologic Investigation of an Outbreak of Shigella sonnei among Students in Bonghwa, 1999.: Hyun Sul Lim, Geun Ryang Bae; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(1):10-16.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate the sources of infection and modes of transmission of an outbreak of shigellosis that occurred among students of B middle and high school in Bonghwa, Korea from May 1 to 21, 1999. METHODS: We conducted questionnaires to 468 students, 38 staffs and 9 food handlers twice times (May 6, May 21) for follow up and secondary attack rate. Personal details and history of illness and exposure to particular foods were sought. And we conducted rectal swab for culture to 243 students, 33 staffs and 9 food handlers. Bacteriological examinations of water in the school were done. Cases were identified as subjects who had diarrhea (two or more loose stools in a 24-hour periods) on or after May 1. RESULTS: A total of 307 cases (attack rate: 59.6%) of 515 subjects were identified, including 50 confirmed (46 students and 4 staffs) by S. sonnei. All 9 food handlers denied illness and were had rectal swab for culture at May 6 that were negative for S. sonnei. 146 of 307 reported fever, 156 had tenesmus, 44 reported vomiting, and only 5 of 307 reported blood in the stool. The median duration of diarrhea was 4 days (range: 1-18 days). The mean incubation period until onset of diarrhea was 63 hours (range: 16-144 hours) and the secondary attack rate was 2.8% (43 cases of 1,561 family members). Risk for illness was higher among students who had eaten watered kimchi at March 30 than among those who did not [301(72.7%) of 417 versus 5(9.6%) of 52; RR=7.51; 95% CI=3.26-17.31]. CONCLUSION: The source of infection was estimated to be contaminated watered kimchi by one or two food handler who is presumed to be carrier.; Summary

Epidemiologic Investigation of an Outbreak of Shigellosis in Kyongju, Korea.: Hyun Sul Lim, Cheol Jung, Geun Ryang Bae, Yeong Joo Hur, Sang Won Lee, Eun Kyeong Jeong; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(1):1-9.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate the sources of infection and modes of transmission of an outbreak of shigellosis that occurred among pupils of "M" primary school and residents near the school in Kyongju from Sept. 24 to Oct. 24, 1998. METHODS: The subjects who completed a questionnaire and a rectal swab for microbiologic examinations were 1,534 persons (781 males, 753 females), including 469 pupils of "M" primary school (268 males, 201 females). Bacteriological examinations of underground water and simple piped water were done. RESULTS: The attack rate of diarrhea was 28.7% in the subjects from Sept. 24 to Oct. 24, 1998. There was no difference in attack rate of diarrhea by gender, but it was significantly higher in the pupils of "M" primary school than others (p<0.01). The attack rate of diarrhea by resident areas was no different to the pupils of "M" primary school, but was significantly higher in the residents of Mohwa 2 Ri except pupils that "M" primary school is located in (p<0.01). The distribution of date of onset revealed the exposure date to be Sept, 22 and 23 in consideration of incubation periods and common source outbreak followed propagative spread in the epidemic curve. The major characteristics of diarrhea were watery (89.1%) in nature, 1~3 days (72.5%) in duration, 2~3 times (63.9%) in frequency. The clinical symptoms among the diarrheal cases included abdominal pain (74.1%), fever (56.4%), headache (55.9%), chill (40.4%) and tenesmus (31.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The source of infection was estimated to be contaminated underground water and simple piped water caused by leakage from the cess pool. It is highly necessary that the management of drinking water and cess pools should be done thoroughly.; Summary

A Cohort Study on Risk Factors for Chronic Liver Disease: Analytic Strategies Excluding Potentially Incident Subjects.: Moo Song Lee, Dae Sung Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Myun Bae, Myung Hee Shin, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(4):452-458.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The authors conducted the study to evaluate bias when potentially diseased subjects were included in cohort members while analyzing risk factors of chronic liver diseases. METHODS: Total of 14,529 subjects were followed up for the incidence of liver diseases from January 1993 to June 1997. We have used databases of insurance company with medical records, cancer registry, and death certificate data to identify 102 incident cases. The cohort members were classified into potentially diseased group(n=2,217) when they were HBsAg positive, serum GPT levels higher than 40 units, or had or has liver diseases in baseline surveys. Cox' model were used for potentially diseased group, other members, and total subjects, respectively. RESULTS: The risk factors profiles were similar for total and potentially diseased subjects: HBsAg positivity, history of acute liver disease, and recent quittance of smoking or drinking increased the risk, while intake of pork and coffee decreased it. For the potentially diseased, obesity showed marginally significant protective effect. Analysis of subjects excluding the potentially diseased showed distinct profiles: obesity increased the risk, while quitting smoking or drinking had no association. For these intake of raw liver or processed fish or soybean paste stew increased risk; HBsAg positivity, higher levels of liver enzymes and history of acute liver diseases increased the risk. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested the potential bias in risk ratio estimates when potentially diseased subjects were included in cohort study on chronic liver diseases, especially for lifestyles possibly modified after disease onset. The analytic strategy excluding potentially diseased subjects was considered appropriate for identifying risk factors for chronic liver diseases.; Summary

A Meta-analysis of Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to Daily Mortality in Seoul, 1991~1995.: Jong Tae Lee, Douglas W Dockery, Chun Bae Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Yong Chung; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(2):177-182.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To reexamine the association between air pollution and daily mortality in Seoul, Korea using a method of meta-analysis with the data filed for 1991 through 1995. METHODS: A separate Poisson regression analysis on each district within the metropolitan area of Seoul was conducted to regress daily death counts on levels of each ambient air pollutant, such as total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), controlling for variability in the weather condition. We calculated a weighted mean as a meta-analysis summary of the estimates and its standard error. RESULTS: We found that the p value from each pollutant model to test the homogeneity assumption was small (p<0.01) because of the large disparity among district-specific estimates. Therefore, all results reported here were estimated from the random effect model. Using the weighted mean that we calculated, the mortality at a 100 microgram/m3 increment in a 3-day moving average of TSP levels was 1.034 (95% CI 1.009-1.059). The mortality was estimated to increase 6% (95% CI 3-10%) and 3% (95% CI 0-6%) with each 50 ppb increase for 3-day moving average of SO2 and 1-hr maximum O3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Like most of air pollution epidemiologic studies, this meta-analysis cannot avoid fleeing from measurement misclassification since no personal measurement was taken. However, we can expect that a measurement bias be reduced in a district-specific estimate since a monitoring station is better representative of air quality of the matched district. The similar results to those from the previous studies indicated existence of health effect of air pollution at current levels in many industrialized countries, including Korea.; Summary

Nationwide Incidence Estimation of Uterine Cervix Cancer among Korean Women.: Byung Joo Park, Moo Song Lee, Yoon Ok Ahn, Young Min Choi, Yeong Su Ju, Keun Young Yoo, Hun Kim, Ha Seung Yew, Tae Soo Park; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(4):843-852.

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Abstract PDF: To estimate the incidence of uterine cervix cancer among Korean women, we have conducted a study using the claim data on the beneficiaries of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). All medical records of the potential cases with diagnosis of ICD-9 180, 181, 182, 199, 219, 233 in the claims sent by medical care institutions in the whole country to the KMIC from January 1988 to December 1989, were abstracted and Gynecology specialist reviewed the records to identify the new cases of uterine cervix cancer among the potential cases during the corresponding period. Using these data, the incidence of uterine cervix cancer among Korean women was estimated as of July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989. The crude rate was estimated to be 17.34(95% CI: 16.76~17.92) per 100,000 and the cumulative rates for the ages 0~64 and 0~74 were 1.7% and 2.2%, respectively. The age-adjusted rate for the world population was 19.93 per 100,000 which was higher than those of other Asian countries including China and Japan in 1983~1987. The truncated rate for ages 35~64 was 52.05 per 100,000 which was one of the highest in the world. With increasing age, the incidence rate increased to 78.11 per 100,000 in women aged 55~59 years, then it decreased in the older groups. This finding suggests that detecting rate of uterine cervix cancer may decrease in women aged 60 years or older due to detecting rate of uterine cervix cancer may decrease in women aged 60 years or older due to inadequate medical care seeking behavior. In the geographical area, the SIR of Jeju province was significantly low but it might be due to statistical unstability by small case numbers.; Summary

Association of Liver Dysfunction with Self-Medication History in Korean Healthy Male Adults.: Jong Myon Bae, Byung Joo Park, Moo Song Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Shin, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(4):801-814.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Korean people could abuse healthy foods as well as medications, which might cause serious side effects. The aim of this study was elucidating liver dysfunction due to the self-medications of hepatotonics, healthy foods and herb medications by nested case-control study. METHODS: Study subjects were drawn from male members of seoul Cohort Study who were recruited by self-administered structured questionnaire survey through mailing to the healthy men between the age of 40 and 59 years through the program of biennial health check-up offered by Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). The liver dysfunction was defined as the level of serum AST and ALT above 40 IU/L and increased in more than one hundred per-cent during the 2 year follow-up period. To estimate the odds ratio between self-medication and liver dysfunction after controlling for potential confounders, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 30 members were identified to fit into case criteria and 2,625 members were selected as control. In logistic regression analyses, history of healthy foods intake, age under 45 years, obesity, and habit of regular exercise were significantly associated with liver dysfunction. The following factors exhibited no statistical significance: intake of hepatotonics, of herb medicine; history of disease in family, of operation, and of radiologic examination; smoking habits and drinking amounts. CONCLUSION: The significant association between the intake of healthy foods and the liver dysfunction illustrates that chronically optional overuse of healthy foods might bring to hazards to health. As the increasing trend of the size of purchasing healthy foods in Korea, pharmacoepidemiologic studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of the widely used healthy foods should be performed in the near future.; Summary

Nationwide incidence estimation of colorectal cancer by subsite of origin in Korea.: B J Park, M S Lee, Y O Ahn, D S Heo, D H Kim, H Kim, H S Yew, T S Park; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):555-564.

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Abstract PDF: Nationwide incidence survey was conducted to estimate the annual incidence rates of colorectal cancer among Koreans between Jan 1, 1988 and Dec 31, 1989. The population of the incidence survey was the beneficiaries of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC), Which were about 4,500,000 persons. The medical records of patients with diagnosis of either ICD-9 153(colon cancer), 154(rectal caner), 197(secondary malignat neoplasm of digestive and respiratory system), or 211(benign neoplasm of digestive system) were abstracted for the period with the standard format. The diagnosis was confirmed by one oncologist through the review of these abstracts. The numerator of the rate was finally defined as the incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1989. The crude annual incidence of colorectal cancer for men was 13.1 per 100,000 and 10.6 for women, which was still low when compared with those of Japan and China during the same period. Age-adjusted sex ratio was 1.2 for fight-sided colon cancer and 1.9 for left-sided colon cancer. The excess of right colon cancer among postmenopausal women was remarkable, so further analytical approach would be needed to investigate which factors are related with this phenomenon.; Summary

Survey Methods on Cancer Epidemic.: Byung Joo Park, Jong Myon Bae, Yoon Ok Ahn, Keun Young Yoo; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(3):411-424.

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Abstract PDF: The survey methods for confirming the epidemicity and identifying the possible causes of the cancer epidemic can be different from those for infectious diseases. The procedure for confirming whether the outbreak is epidemic or not is quite different. Household survey for identifying cancer cases and residents actually living at the area should be done. Hospital survey for medical record review should be performed to identify all cancer cases among the residents of the outbreak area and confirming the final diagnoses of the cancer cases. Comparing the level of cancer incidence or mortality with other areas can be done by using poison distribution, or calculating SIR (standard Incidence Ratio) from cumulative incidence rates. Case-control study can be conducted to identify the etiologic factors of the cancer epidemic and to establish strategy for preventing further recurrence of the outbreak.; Summary

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B virus Infection in Healthy Korean Adults in Seoul.: Keun Young Yoo, Byung Joo Park, Yoon Ok Ahn; Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(1):89-98.

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Abstract PDF: While there have been not a few reports on the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Korea, most of them, however, have had several limitations; operational definition of HBV infection, validity of detection methods of HBV serologic markers, size of the study population, and confirmation of the vaccination history against HBV, etc. In order to avoid such limitations, authors randomly selected 1,495 healthy adults among the 217,511 insured (target population) of Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, living in seoul, and tested HBV(HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) of all the subjects were tested, 392(26.2%) of interview failure cases 742 nonvaccinee were excluded from the actual population. Finally, the serologic markers tested of 742 nonvaccinee (study population) only were analyzed for the seroepidemiologic observation of the natural infection of HBV. The seroepidemiological characteristics of HBV infection in Korea were as follows ; 1 Point prevalence of HBs antigenemia was 11.7(9.1-14.3)% in male, which was slightly higher than that of female, 9.5(3.7-15.3)%. This level was one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. Decreasing tendency of HBsAg prevalence after the age of 50 was observed, which seems to be due to selective attrition of HBV chronic carriers among the healthy adults and/or to the limited-lasting duration of the HBs antigenemia, in part. 2. Point prevalence of anti-HBc(78.8% in male, 50.9% in female) was higher than that of anti-HBs(65.2% in male, 46.6% in female), respectively. And both of them were higher in male than in female. Increasing tendency of the prevalence of both antibodies was observed by age, which seems to be largely due to recurrent infection in adults and to some cumulative effect, in part, of their relatively longer-lasting duration. 3. The level of HBV infection defined by positive for at least one of the 3 serologic markers of HBV by RIA method was 84.7(81.8-87.6)% in male and 61.2(51.9-70.5)% in female, which was also one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. The proportion of susceptible population to HBV infection among healthy adults was 15.3% in male and 38.8% in female. 4. The relative frequency of current or past infection and chronic carrier among HBV infected person was estimated. The currently or past infected was estimated 75.7% in male and 71.8% in female, and chronic carrier state, 13.8% in male and 14.1% in female. The analysis of the geometric mean of the antibody titer in anti-HBs positive sera indicated also to be compatible with the above findings, suggesting that active, even though inapparent, infection of HBV occur so frequently among healthy adults in Korea.; Summary

English Abstracts

Perspectives of Preventive Medicine: Focused on Epidemiology.: Jin Su Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(3):190-194.

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Abstract PDF: Epidemiology is the key element of public health and preventive medicine. Reversely, public health and social equity are the basic ground for epidemiologists. Current progress in the various fields of epidemiologic study in Korea calls for the increased participation of the trained epidemiologists. Expanding epidemiologic concepts to the wide spectrum of health and medical programs, active participation to the diversified health service fields and strengthening the role of epidemiology in the social and political decision making should be included in the perspectives of epidemiology in Korea. The future of epidemiology is certainly depend on the efforts of present epidemologists.; Summary

Modelling the Impact of Pandemic Influenza.: Byung Chul Chun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(4):379-385.

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Abstract PDF: The impact of the next influenza pandemic is difficult to predict. It is dependent on how virulent the virus is, how rapidly it spreads from population to population, and the effectiveness of prevention and response efforts. Despite the uncertainty about the magnitude of the next pandemic, estimates of the health and economic impact remain important to aid public health policy decisions and guide pandemic planning for health and emergency sectors. Planning ahead in preparation for an influenza pandemic, with its potentially very high morbidity and mortality rates, is essential for hospital administrators and public health officials. The estimation of pandemic impact is based on the previous pandemics- we had experienced at least 3 pandemics in 20th century. But the epidemiological characteristics - ie, start season, the impact of 1st wave, pathogenicity and virulence of the viruses and the primary victims of population were quite different from one another. I reviewed methodology for estimation and modelling of pandemic impact and described some nations's results using them in their national preparedness plans. And then I showed the estimates of pandemic influenza impact in Korea with FluSurge and FluAid. And, I described the results of pandemic modelling with parameters of 1918 pandemic for the shake of education and training of the first-line responder health officials to the epidemics. In preparing influenza pandemics, the simulation and modelling are the keys to reduce the uncertainty of the future and to make proper policies to manage and control the pandemics.; Summary

Overview of Pandemic Influenza.: Woo Joo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(4):373-378.

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Abstract PDF: Influenza virus has a unique characteristics of annual epidemics of acute respiratory disease with attack rate of 10%-30% of the population. It is also the classical emerging infectious disease causing global pandemics when new antigenic shift occur. This antigenic shift is the key to its ability to evoke periodic pandemics, and it has caused at least 3 pandemics in 20th century. I reviewed these 3 pandemics in their natural courses and the epidemiology of the recent emerging influenza A viruses, especially the H5 and H7 subtypes. I described the epidemics of these viruses in human population and why we should be prepared to these viruses.; Summary

Health Policy and Social Epidemiology.: Young Jeon Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(3):252-258.

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Abstract PDF: Major approaches of Social epidemiology; 1) holistic, ecological approach, 2) population based approach, 3) development and life-course approach, 4) contextual multi-level approach, have stressed the importance of not only social context of health and illness, but also the population based strategy in the health interventions. Ultimately, it provides the conceptual guidelines and methodological tools to lead toward the healthy public policies; integrated efforts to improve condition which people live: secure, safe, adequate, and sustainable livelihoods, lifestyles, and environments, including housing, education, nutrition, information exchange, child care, transportation, and necessary community and personal social and health services.; Summary

Epidemiology and Social Epidemiology.: Yun Mi Song; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(3):237-240.

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Abstract PDF: Social epidemiology is a sub-discipline of epidemiology explicitly investigating social determinants of population distributions of health, disease, and well-being. Persistent pattern of social inequalities in health in spite of the broad improvement in the physical environment over the last centuries necessitated the development of this field as an approach to understand disease etiology that incorporates social experiences as more direct determinant of health. Social epidemiology incorporates theories, measurement tools, and techniques from a wide variety of other social sciences. A population perspective, the social context of behavior, contextual multilevel analysis, a developmental and life-course perspective, and general susceptibility to disease are the most important guiding concepts in social epidemiology.; Summary

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Epidemiologic Investigation on Sporadic Occurrence of Shigellosis in a Subcounty of Cheongwon County in Chungbuk Province in 2003.: Yong Jae Lee, Ue Kyoung Hwang, Jong Suk Kim, Jun Young Kim, Ja Seol Koo, Bok Kwon Lee, Jong Won Kang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(2):182-188.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to investigate the source of infection and mode of transmission of shigellosis, which occurred sporadically among residents and students in a subcounty of Cheongwon county, Chungbuk province, Korea, from June 4 to July 3 2003. METHODS: 692 subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a swab for microbiological examinations, and 7 environmental specimens were examined for bacterial organisms. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and fingerprinting were performed to find the genetic relationship among the temporally associated sporadic isolates. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients had symptoms consistent with the case definition, with 13 confirmed and 16 suspected cases. The frequency of diarrhea was 6 times or more a day (80.8%), with a duration of 1 to 4 days (88.5%) in most cases. The most common symptoms accompanying the diarrhea were fever (80.9%) followed by abdominal pain (76.9%), headache (65.4%), chill (61.5%), vomiting (46.2%) and tenesmus (15.4%). The epidemic curve was characteristic of a person-to-person transmission. The PFGE and fingerprinting demonstrated identical or similar DNA patterns among the 3 Shigella sonnei isolates (A51, A53 and A61 types) found in this outbreak. CONCLUSION: A genetically identical strain of S. sonnei was estimated to be the cause of this outbreak, and the mode of transmission was most likely person-to-person.; Summary

Comparative Study

Epidemiology and Control of Injury.: Soonduck Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(2):125-131.

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Abstract PDF: Injury has recently become a major world-wide health problem. Injury related deaths occur in many actively working young people and produce major social and economical losses. However health related specialists do not recognize the importance of injury and there have not been many studies related to this problem. This research studied the trends of injury related research in Korea, mortality rate and prevalence rate, socio-economical losses and control in Korea and out of the country, based on literature from Korea and without such as statistical yearly reports on causes of deaths and OECD health reports, as well as WHO web sites. Studies in Korea about injury were very few, with 9 in the 1960's, 5 in the 1980's, 4 in the 1990's and 5 in 2000's. Mortality rate of injury was higher in Korea than in England, USA or Japan, especially in car accidents, suicide and falls. In Korea, the yearly trends in mortality rates were highest in car accidents but those rates are falling, suicide is steadily rising, with highest rate in 2003. Falls is in second rank with no change in rates. In 2003, the ten causes of death in Korea were suicide in 5th rank, transport accidents in 7th rank, and falls in 10th rank. Considering age groups, in the teens, transport accidents were 1st rank, in the 20's and 30's, suicide was 1st rank, and although there were some differences, falls, drowning, assault, fire were in the top 10. Prevalence rates of injury could not be known, but in 2001, according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey, lifelong injury was 10%, and yearly major injury was 1.3%, major injury for two weeks was 0.1%, and minor injury was 10%. In other foreign countries, injury has become to be recognized as a major health related problem, and much programs are being set up to reduce injury related deaths and injuries. WHO is putting much effort in prevention of violence and transport accidents, and in the USA, Canada and Europe, there are injury surveillance systems. Recently, as suicide is increasing rapidly and providing much problems, each country are managing suicide prevention programs. In Korea, Ministry of Construction and Transportation is managing and guiding the policies for prevention of transport accidents. In September of 2004, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has set up a 5 year plan of suicide prevention.; Summary

English Abstract

Correlates of Self-rated Fatigue in Korean Employees.: Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Myung Gun Kang, Sook Jung Hyun, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park, Jun Ho Park, Seong Ah Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Seong Sil Chang, Kyung Jae Lee, Eun Hee Ha, Mina Ha, Jong Min Woo, Jung Jin Cho, Hyeong Su Kim, Jung Sun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(1):71-81.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the correlates of self-rated fatigue in Korean employees. METHODS: The data for 10, 176 (men, 7, 984; women, 2, 192; mean age, 34.2; SD: 8.8) employees recruited from a nationwide sample were examined. A structured questionnaire was used to measure the participants' fatigue, sociodemographics (sex, age, education, and marital status), job-related characteristics (work duration, grade at work, work hours, shiftwork, employment type, and magnitude of workplace), and health-related habits (smoking, drinking, coffee intake, and exercise). Two types of measurement for fatigue were used to evaluate the magnitude of fatigue: self-rated question and a standardized measurement tool (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale: MFS). RESULTS: According to the self-rated fatigue, 32% of employees reported that they felt fatigue for the past two weeks, and 9.6% of males and 8.7% of females had experienced excessive fatigue (6 months or more). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that fatigue measured by MFS was more common in women, younger, college or more graduated, single, and employees who do not regularly exercise. Fatigue was also associated with long work hours, and the size of the workplace (< 1, 000 employees). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fatigue has been considered as a common complaint, and that it is affected by job-related factors like work hours and the workplace size as well as sociodemographics or health-related behaviors. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of fatigue on adverse health outcomes, work performance, work disability, sick absence and medical utilization, and to examine the relationship of job characteristics (e.g.: work demand, decision latitude) to fatigue.; Summary

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