Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Scoping Review

Is Farming a Risk Occupation for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases? A Scoping Review on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Risk in Farmers: Hyeonjun Kim, Wongeon Jung, Sunjin Jung, Seunghyeon Cho, Inho Jung, Hansoo Song, Ki-Soo Park, Seong-Yong Yoon, Joo Hyun Sung, Seok-Ju Yoo, Won-Ju Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):521-529. Published online August 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.302

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
In Korea, cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is recognized as an occupational disease when sufficient evidence of a work-related burden exists. In 2021, approximately 26.8% of the payments from occupational disease insurance under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act were allocated to CCVDs. However, due to the specific nature of insurance policies for farmers, CCVD is not acknowledged as an occupational disease in their case.
Methods
We reviewed studies on the differences in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of CCVDs between farmers and the general population or other occupations and described the exposure of farmers to risk factors for CCVDs.
Results
Several studies showed that farming is a high-risk occupation for CCVDs, with the following risk factors: long working hours, night work, lack of holidays, and strenuous physical labor; physical factors (noise, cold, heat, humidity, and vibration); exposure to hazardous gases (diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, nitrogen oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), pesticides, and dust (particulate matter, silica, and organic dust); exposure to a hypoxic environment; and job-related stress. Social isolation and lack of accessible medical facilities also function as additional risk factors by preventing farmers from receiving early interventions.
Conclusions
Farmers are exposed to various risk factors for CCVDs and are an occupation at risk for CCVDs. More studies are needed in the future to elucidate this relationship. This study lays the groundwork for future research to develop guidelines for approving CCVDs as occupational diseases among farmers.; Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 농업이 뇌심혈관질환과 연관된 고위험 직업임을 입증하는 근거를 검토하였습니다. 농업인은 긴 근무 시간, 격렬한 신체 노동, 유해 가스 및 살충제 노출 등 다양한 위험 요인과 더불어 의료 접근성 부족과 같은 문제에 직면해 있습니다. 이는 뇌심혈관질환을 농업인의 업무 관련 질병으로 인정하기 위한 가이드라인 개발에 중요한 기초를 제공합니다.

Key Message
This study reviewed evidence supporting that farming is a high-risk occupation associated with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Farmers face various risk factors, including long working hours, strenuous physical labor, exposure to hazardous gases and pesticides, and challenges such as limited access to medical care. This provides an essential foundation for developing guidelines to recognize cardio-cerebrovascular diseases as work-related illnesses among farmers.

Special Article

Examining the Role of Psychosocial Stressors in Hypertension: Komal Marwaha; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):499-505. Published online November 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.266

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Despite advances in medicine and preventive strategies, fewer than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control. This could partly be due to gaps in fully elucidating the etiology of hypertension. Genetics and conventional lifestyle risk factors, such as the lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, excess salt intake, and alcohol consumption, do not fully explain the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, it is necessary to revisit other suggested risk factors that have not been paid due attention. One such factor is psychosocial stress. This paper explores the evidence for the association of psychosocial stressors with hypertension and shows that robust evidence supports the role of a chronic stressful environment at work or in marriage, low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, childhood psychological trauma, and racial discrimination in the development or progression of hypertension. Furthermore, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that link psychosocial stress to hypertension are explained to address the ambiguity in this area and set the stage for further research.

Summary

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Lifestyle Factors, Sociodemographic Characteristics and Incident Hypertension: A Prospective Analysis of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Sample Cohort
Jung-Eun Lee, Anthony Kityo, Sang-Ah Lee
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D.K. Miloslavsky, S.M. Koval
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Original Article

Effects of Marital Status and Income on Hypertension: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES): Mia Son, Yeon Jeong Heo, Hye-Jin Hyun, Ho Jong Kwak; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):506-519. Published online October 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.264

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the associations of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age in the Korea.
Methods
The data were derived from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES; 4851-302) which included 211 576 participants. To analyze the relationships of income, marital status, and health behaviors with hypertension in male and female over 40 years of age, multiple logistic regression was conducted with adjustments for these variables.
Results
The prevalence of hypertension increased linearly as income decreased. The odds ratio for developing hypertension in people with an income of <0.5 million Korean won (KRW) compared to ≥6.0 million KRW was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.93) in the total population, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.98) in male, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.35 to 3.28) in female. The combined effect of income level and marital status on hypertension was significant. According to income level and marital status, in male, low income and divorce were most associated with hypertension (1.76 times; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.08). However, in female, the low-income, married group was most associated with hypertension (1.83 times; 95% CI, 1.71 to 1.97).
Conclusions
The results of this study show that it is necessary to approach male and female marital status separately according to income in health policies to address inequalities in the prevalence of hypertension.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 한국의 40세 이상 성인 남녀를 대상으로 소득수준, 결혼, 건강행태요인이 고혈압에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이 연구는 한국인유전체역학조사사업조사(KoGES; 4851-302, 2001-2011)에서 구축한 211576명을 대상으로 다중 로지스틱회귀모델을 이용하여 분석했다. 소득이 고혈압에 미치는 영향은 역의 선형으로 소득이 적을수록 고혈압이 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 소득수준과 혼인상태, 고혈압과의 연관성은 여성보다 남성이 더 강하게 나타났다. 소득수준과 혼인상태가 상호작용하여 고혈압에 미치는 영향에서, 저소득층에서 별거 상태가 고혈압에 미치는 전반적인 영향이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 남성의 경우 이혼 상태, 여성의 경우 결혼을 유지하고 있는 상태가 고혈압과 가장 강하게 연관되어, 남녀사이에 차이가 존재함을 보여주었다. 이 연구는 소득, 결혼이 고혈압에 중요하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 고혈압예방대책에 저소득과 별거 이혼등의 결혼상태를 고려하는것이 필요하다는 것을 제안한다.

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The impact of retirement on blood pressure: evidence from a nationwide survey in China
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Systematic Review

Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Pinki Mishra, Rizwana Parveen, Ram Bajpai, Nidhi Agarwal; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):321-333. Published online June 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.640

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the association of lower levels of vitamin D and comorbidities with the risk of COVID-19 infection.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published until August 20, 2021. Sixteen eligible studies were identified (386 631 patients, of whom 181 114 were male). We included observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated serum levels of vitamin D in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found in COVID-19-positive patients (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.66; p=0.001), but with variation by study design (case-control: -4.04; 95% CI, -5.98 to -2.10; p<0.001; cohort: -0.39; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.84; p=0.538). This relationship was more prominent in female patients (MD, -2.18; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.28; p=0.024) than in male patients (MD, -1.74; 95% CI, -3.79 to 0.31; p=0.096). Male patients showed higher odds of having low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17; p<0.001) than female patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.86; p=0.477). Comorbidities showed inconsistent, but generally non-significant, associations with COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
Low serum vitamin-D levels were significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. This relationship was stronger in female than in male COVID-19 patients. Limited evidence was found for the relationships between comorbidities and COVID-19 infection, warranting large population-based studies to clarify these associations.

Summary

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Effects of vitamin D on the incidence and severity of COVID-19
V. V. Krivosheev, L. Yu. Nikitina, I. V. Kozlovskiy, A. V. Fedorov
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Ukrainian Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults
Nataliia Grygorieva, Mykola Tronko, Volodymir Kovalenko, Serhiy Komisarenko, Tetiana Tatarchuk, Ninel Dedukh, Mykola Veliky, Serhiy Strafun, Yulia Komisarenko, Andrii Kalashnikov, Valeria Orlenko, Volodymyr Pankiv, Oleg Shvets, Inna Gogunska, Svitlana Reg
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Marharyta Sobczak, Rafał Pawliczak
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Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2
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R Bajpai
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Petra Rust, Cem Ekmekcioglu
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Nikola Schmidt, Andreas Gehlhar, Barbara Grüne, Annelene Kossow, Thomas Kraus, Johannes Nießen, Stefanie Wessely, Christine Joisten
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Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Ukrainian experts consensus statement
N.V. Grygorieva, M.D. Tronko, V.M. Kovalenko, S.V. Komisarenko, T.F. Tatarchuk, N.V. Dedukh, M.M. Veliky, S.S. Strafun, Y.I. Komisarenko, A.V. Kalashnikov, V.L. Orlenko, V.I. Pankiv, O.V. Shvets, I.V. Gogunska, S.I. Regeda
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(22): 14256. CrossRef

Original Articles

Modeling Survival in Patients With Brain Stroke in the Presence of Competing Risks: Solmaz Norouzi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Farshid Farzipoor, Ramazan Fallah; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):55-62. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.463

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
After heart disease, brain stroke (BS) is the second most common cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding preventable and treatable risk factors for the outcomes of BS. This study aimed to model the survival of patients with BS in the presence of competing risks.
Methods
This longitudinal study was conducted on 332 patients with a definitive diagnosis of BS. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by a validated checklist. Patients’ mortality status was investigated by telephone follow-up to identify deaths that may be have been caused by stroke or other factors (heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, etc.). Data were analyzed by the Lunn-McNeil approach at alpha=0.1.
Results
Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 3.48; 69-75 years: aHR, 5.04; 90% CI, 3.25 to 7.80; ≥76 years: aHR, 5.30; 90% CI, 3.40 to 8.44), having heart disease (aHR, 1.65; 90% CI, 1.23 to 2.23), oral contraceptive pill use (women only) (aHR, 0.44; 90% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and ischemic stroke (aHR, 0.52; 90% CI, 0.36 to 0.74) were directly related to death from BS. Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: aHR, 21.42; 90% CI, 3.52 to 130.39; 75-69 years: aHR, 16.48; 90% CI, 2.75 to 98.69; ≥76 years: aHR, 26.03; 90% CI, 4.06 to 166.93) and rural residence (aHR, 2.30; 90% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) were directly related to death from other causes. Significant risk factors were found for both causes of death.
Conclusions
BS-specific and non-BS-specific mortality had different risk factors. These findings could be utilized to prescribe optimal and specific treatment.; Summary

Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model to Modify Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Police Officers in Iran: A Quasi-experimental Study: Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Hassan Jafarzadeh, Mojtaba Sepandi, Keisha-Gaye N. O'Garo, Harold G. Koenig, Amir H. Pakpour; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(4):275-284. Published online June 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.095

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Police officers may be at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population due to their highstress occupation. This study evaluated how an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) may protect police officers from developing CVD.
Methods
In this single-group experimental study, 58 police officers in Iran participated in a 5-week intervention based on HBM principles. Outcomes included changes in scores on an HBM scale, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 5 HBM-based educational sessions. Follow-up was conducted at 3 months post-intervention. The paired t-test was used to examine differences between baseline and follow-up scores.
Results
All aspects of the HBM scale improved between baseline and follow-up (p<0.05), except the cues to action subscale. Self-efficacy and preventive behaviors improved the most. BMI decreased from 26.7±2.9 kg/m² at baseline to 25.8±2.4 kg/m² at follow-up. All components of the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, showed significant improvements post-intervention. Blood glucose and blood pressure also decreased, but not significantly. Nearly 25% of participants who were not physically active at baseline increased their physical activity above or beyond the healthy threshold.
Conclusions
A relatively brief educational intervention based on HBM principles led to a significant improvement in CVD risk factors among police officers. Further research is needed to corroborate the effectiveness of this intervention.

Summary

Citations

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An Intervention Program Using the Health Belief Model to Modify Lifestyle in Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial
Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Hojat Rashidi-jahan, Fardin Aghazadeh, Mehdi Raei, Fatemeh Rahmati, Faten Al Zaben, Harold G. Koenig
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2024; 31(4): 631. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Police Officers in Kozhikode Corporation
Aparna Padmanabhan, Jayakrishnan Thayyil, G Alan, Siju Kumar
Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024; 28(1): 45. CrossRef
Effect of educational intervention on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among school teachers: a quasi-experimental study in a suburb of Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Anubrata Karmakar, Aritra Bhattacharyya, Bijit Biswas, Aparajita Dasgupta, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Bobby Paul
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of educational intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension with application of health belief model: A quasi-experimental study
Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Abbas Shamsalinia, Fatemeh Rajabi, Pooyan Afzali Hasirini, Ali Khani Jeihooni
JRSM Cardiovascular Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Educational interventions in relation to the level of physical activities for police officers: a systematic literature review
Cleise Cristine Ribeiro Borges Oliveira, Carla Tatiane Oliveira Silva, Carolina de Souza-Machado, Fernanda Carneiro Mussi, Ana Carla Carvalho Coelho, Cláudia Geovana Da Silva Pires
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Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Men: Riccardo Ferraresso; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):135-142. Published online February 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.292

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Korea. However, most of those studies have focused on IPV against women, while overlooking the problem of men IPV victimization. Considering this, the current study identified risk and protective factors for IPV and examined their influence on IPV victimization among Korean men.
Methods
We used a nationally representative sample of 1668 Korean men from the 2013 Korea National Survey on Domestic Violence. The associations between potential IPV risk factors and different types of IPV were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Specifically, separate analyses were conducted of 5 types of IPV (neglect, controlling behaviors, emotional violence, economic violence, and physical violence).
Results
The prevalence of IPV among Korean men and women showed only marginal gender differences. Controlling behaviors (men, 23.3%; women, 23.9%) and emotional violence (men, 16.5%; women, 18.8%) were the most common types of IPV reported, followed by neglect (men, 11.2%; women, 11.7%). Separate logistic regression analyses for the 5 subtypes of IPV revealed that mutual IPV was a strong predictor of IPV. Men who abused their wives were more likely to experience neglect (odds ratio [OR], 29.24; p<0.01), controlling behaviors (OR, 36.61; p<0.01), emotional violence (OR, 58.07; p<0.01), economic violence (OR, 18.78; p<0.01), and physical violence (OR, 38.09; p<0.01).
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that IPV intervention strategies should particularly focus on couples whose relationship is characterized by patterns of bidirectional violence.

Summary

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Factors Associated With Willingness To Report Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to Police in South Korea
Chunrye Kim, Riccardo Ferraresso
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2022; 37(13-14): NP10862. CrossRef
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Jacinta Waila, Herman Lule, Michael Lowery Wilson, Till Bärnighausen, Anne Abio
Journal of Prevention.2022; 43(4): 567. CrossRef

Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Dementia in the Korean Elderly: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study: Min-Ah Nah, Kyeong Soo Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):56-63. Published online January 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.117

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the risk of dementia in the Korean elderly.
Methods
A 10-year retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database. We excluded those who were under 65 years of age as of January 2006 (n=46 113), those who were diagnosed with dementia between 2002 and 2005 (n=9086), and those with a history of stroke prior to AF diagnosis (n=8392). We used a Cox proportional hazards model with a time-varying covariate to determine whether AF is associated with the risk of dementia after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
In univariable Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia according to AF status was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.33). After adjusting for potential confounders, AF was found to increase the risk of dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), Alzheimer dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), and vascular dementia (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.18). In patients diagnosed with AF, the incidence of dementia was lower (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.52) in patients who were treated with oral anticoagulants.
Conclusions
Investigating the potential risk factors of dementia in an aged society is important. We found a slightly higher risk of dementia in those with AF than in those without AF, and we therefore concluded that AF is a potential risk factor for dementia.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 국민건강보험공단 노인표본코호트 자료를 사용하여 심방세동의 유무가 치매의 발생위험과 연관되어 있는지 분석하였다. 잠재적인 교란변수들을 통제하여 분석한 결과 심방세동은 치매(HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), 알츠하이머 치매(HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), 혈관성 치매(HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.18) 발생과 연관되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한 편, 심방세동 환자에서의 항응고제 복용은 치매 발생위험(HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.52)을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

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Probability of Early Retirement Among Emergency Physicians: Jaemyeong Shin, Yun Jeong Kim, Jong Kun Kim, Dong Eun Lee, Sungbae Moon, Jae Young Choe, Won Kee Lee, Hyung Min Lee, Kwang Hyun Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):154-162. Published online May 17, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.079

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Early retirement occurs when one’s job satisfaction suffers due to employment mismatch resulting from factors such as inadequate compensation. Medical doctors report high levels of job stress and burnout relative to other professionals. These levels are highest among emergency physicians (EPs), and despite general improvements in their working conditions, early retirement continues to become more common in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing EPs intention to retire early and to develop a probability equation for its prediction.
Methods
A secondary analysis of data from the 2015 Korean Society of Emergency Physicians Survey was performed. The variables potentially influencing early retirement were organized into personal characteristics, extrinsic factors, and intrinsic factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors and to develop a probability equation; these findings were then arranged in a nomogram.
Results
Of the 377 survey respondents included in the analysis, 48.0% intended to retire early. Risk factors for early retirement included level of satisfaction with the specialty and its outlook, slanderous reviews, emergency room safety, health status, workload intensity, age, and hospital type. Intrinsic factors (i.e., slanderous reviews and satisfaction with the specialty and its outlook) had a stronger influence on early retirement than did extrinsic factors.
Conclusions
To promote career longevity among EPs, it is vital to improve emergency room safety and workload intensity, to enhance medical professionalism through a stronger vision of emergency medicine, and to strengthen the patient-doctor relationship.

Summary

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Motivation to work and attitudes towards retirement among physicians
Franziska U. Jung, Erik Bodendieck, Melanie Luppa, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
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Malaria Risk Factors in Kaligesing, Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia: A Case-control Study: Pratiwi Cahyaningrum, Sulistyawati Sulistyawati; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):148-153. Published online May 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.036

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Malaria remains a public health concern worldwide, including Indonesia. Purworejo is a district in which endemic of malaria, they have re-setup to entering malaria elimination in 2021. Accordingly, actions must be taken to accelerate and guaranty that the goal will reach based on an understanding of the risk factors for malaria. Thus, we analysed malaria risk factors based on human and housing conditions in Kaligesing, Purworejo, Indonesia.
Methods
A case-control study was carried out in Kaligesing subdistrict, Purworejo, Indonesia in July to August 2017. A structured questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data from 96 participants, who consisted of 48 controls and 48 cases. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results
Bivariate analysis found that education level, the presence of a cattle cage within 100 m of the house, not sleeping under a bednet the previous night, and not closing the doors and windows from 6 p.m. to 5 a.m. were significantly (p≤0.25) associated with malaria. Of these factors, only not sleeping under a bednet the previous night and not closing the doors and windows from 6 p.m. to 5 a.m. were significantly associated with malaria.
Conclusions
The findings of this study demonstrate that potential risk factor for Malaria should be paid of attention all the time, particularly for an area which is targeting Malaria elimination.

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Risk factors and housing effect on malaria infection: A case-control study
Noor Alis Setiyadi, Ira Handayani, Sayono Sayono, Tepanata Pumpaibool, Irfanul Chakim
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Malaria risk factors in northern Namibia: The importance of occupation, age and mobility in characterizing high-risk populations
Jennifer L. Smith, Davis Mumbengegwi, Erastus Haindongo, Carmen Cueto, Kathryn W. Roberts, Roly Gosling, Petrina Uusiku, Immo Kleinschmidt, Adam Bennett, Hugh J. Sturrock, Khin Thet Wai
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 103(2): 767. CrossRef

Hazardous Alcohol Use in 2 Countries: A Comparison Between Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia: Diana C. Sanchez-Ramirez, Richard Franklin, Donald Voaklander; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(5):311-319. Published online July 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.040

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This article aimed to compare alcohol consumption between the populations of Queensland in Australia and Alberta in Canada. Furthermore, the associations between greater alcohol consumption and socio-demographic characteristics were explored in each population. Methods: Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the associations between alcohol risk and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A higher rate of hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than in Albertans. In both Albertans and Queenslanders, hazardous alcohol use was associated with being between 18 and 24 years of age. Higher income, having no religion, living alone, and being born in Canada were also associated with alcohol risk in Albertans; while in Queenslanders, hazardous alcohol use was also associated with common-law marital status. In addition, hazardous alcohol use was lower among respondents with a non-Catholic or Protestant religious affiliation. Conclusions: Younger age was associated with greater hazardous alcohol use in both populations. In addition, different socio-demographic factors were associated with hazardous alcohol use in each of the populations studied. Our results allowed us to identify the socio-demographic profiles associated with hazardous alcohol use in Alberta and Queensland. These profiles constitute valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable preventive strategies targeting hazardous alcohol use. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of analyzing the socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol consumption in population-specific contexts.

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Relationship between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and substance use among college students in southeastern Iran
Mansoor Kodori, Sajjad Khosravi, Nadia Oroomiei, Maryam Abdoli, Morteza Ali Moradi, Tahereh Fani, Leili Abedi Gheshlaghi
Journal of Substance Use.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Predicting Hazardous Alcohol Drinking Behaviors in Family Members of Hazardous Alcohol-Drinker Patients
Ching-Yen Chen, Chen-Chun Lin, Jung-Ta Kao, Wen-Ling Yeh, Chiao-Yun Lin, Yun-Fang Tsai
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5497. CrossRef
Alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among residents in Southern Ethiopia during the era of COVID-19
Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, Abdene Weya Kaso, Berhanu Gidisa Debela, Lulu Abebe, Daniel Sisay W/tsadik, Reta Kassa Abebe, Chalachew Kassaw
SAGE Open Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with alcohol use and abuse in Brazilian primary health care settings
Tatiana Longo Borges, Ligiane Paula da Cruz de Sousa, Emilene Reisdorfer, Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana, Sandra Cristina Pillon, Adriana Inocenti Miasso
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A scoping review of female drowning: an underexplored issue in five high-income countries
Kym Roberts, Ogilvie Thom, Susan Devine, Peter A. Leggat, Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin
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Alcohol use disorder among prisoners in Debre Berhan prison, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Yohannes Gebreegziabhere Haile, Kaleab Berhanu Kebede, Asnake Limenhe, Kassahun Habatmu, Atalay Alem
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Todd A. Norwood, Clarissa Encisa, Xiaotian Wang, Laura Seliske, Jessie Cunningham, Prithwish De
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Prevalence of alcohol consumption and related factors among students of higher education centers in one of the northeastern cities of Iran
Behrad Pourmohammadi, Moahammad Ali Jalilvand
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Breathalysing and surveying river users in Australia to understand alcohol consumption and attitudes toward drowning risk
Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin, Peter A. Leggat
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Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka, Zbigniew Barabasz, Marek Sobolewski, Edyta Nizioł-Babiarz, Beata Penar-Zadarko, Agnieszka Szybisty, Emilian Zadarko
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Seroreactivity to Q Fever Among Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea: Hyuk Chu, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kyu-Jam Hwang, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Mi-Yeoun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):195-200. Published online May 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.017

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide; however, little is known about its prevalence in South Korea. We attempted to determine the prevalence of Q fever seroreactivity among Korean slaughterhouse workers and the risk factors for seroreactivity according to the type of work.
Methods
The study was conducted among 1503 workers at a total of 73 slaughterhouses and 62 residual-product disposal plants. During the study period, sites were visited and surveys were administered to employees involved in slaughterhouse work, and serological tests were performed on blood samples by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Serological samples were grouped by job classification into those of slaughter workers, residual-product handlers, inspectors and inspection assistants, and grading testers and testing assistants. Employee risk factors were analyzed according to the type of work.
Results
Out of 1481 study subjects who provided a blood sample, 151 (10.2%) showed reactive antibodies. When these results were analyzed in accordance with the type of work, the result of slaughter workers (11.3%) was similar to the result of residual-product handlers (11.4%), and the result of inspectors and assistants (5.3%) was similar to the result of grading testers and assistants (5.4%). Among those who answered in the affirmative to the survey question, “Has there been frequent contact between cattle blood and your mouth while working?” the proportions were 13.4 and 4.6%, respectively, and this was identified as a risk factor that significantly varied between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.
Conclusions
This study found a Q fever seroreactivity rate of 10.2% for slaughterhouse workers, who are known to be a high-risk population. Contact with cattle blood around the mouth while working was the differential risk factor between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.

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Q Fever in Greece and Factors of Exposure: A Multiregional Seroprevalence Study
Magdalini K Christodoulou, Konstantinos Tsaras, Charalambos Billinis, Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis, Dimitrios Papagiannis
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Q fever infection in slaughterhouse workers in Fars province, Iran
Alireza Zakeri, Maryam Montaseri, Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(4): 597. CrossRef
First report of an outbreak of “Q” fever IN an abattoir from Argentina
Natalia Marina Cardillo, Reginaldo Bastos, Araceli García, Rosendo Pérez, Ezequiel García, Susana Lloveras, Carlos Suarez
Zoonoses and Public Health.2023; 70(8): 674. CrossRef
Seroepidemiologic evidence of Q fever and associated factors among workers in veterinary service laboratory in South Korea
Dilaram Acharya, Ji-Hyuk Park, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Mi Yeon Kim, Seok-Ju Yoo, Antoine Lewin, Kwan Lee, José Reck
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(2): e0010054. CrossRef
Exposure of South African Abattoir Workers to Coxiella burnetii
Liesl De Boni, Sumaya Mall, Veerle Msimang, Alex de Voux, Jennifer Rossouw, John Frean
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Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in a dairy cattle herd from the Al Ain region, United Arab Emirates
Robert Barigye, Nabeeha Abdelgaleel D. Hassan, Ibrahim M. Abdalla Alfaki, Mike B. Barongo, Mohamed Elfatih H. Mohamed, Khaja Mohteshamuddin
Tropical Animal Health and Production.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii in an Agricultural Population and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ticks of a Non-Endemic Region for Q Fever in South Korea
Jeong-Rae Yoo, Mi-Sun Kim, Sang-Taek Heo, Hyun-Joo Oh, Jung-Hwan Oh, Seo-Young Ko, Jeong-Ho Kang, Sung-Kgun Lee, Woo-Seong Jeong, Gil-Myeong Seong, Hyun-Jung Lee, Chul-Hoo Kang, Ji-Hyun Moon, Keun-Hwa Lee, Sung-Wook Song
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Isolation of Coxiella burnetii in patients with nonspecific febrile illness in South Korea
Seung Hun Lee, Jae Hoon Lee, Sungdo Park, Hae Kyung Lee, Seon Do Hwang, Hye Won Jeong, Jung Yeon Heo, Yeong Seon Lee
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Coxiella burnetiiinfection in humans: to what extent do cattle in infected areas free from small ruminants play a role?
M. Pouquet, N. Bareille, R. Guatteo, L. Moret, F. Beaudeau
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Hepatitis in slaughterhouse workers
Hassan Tariq, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Jasbir Makker, Sara Azam, Usman Ali Pirzada, Vaniza Mehak, Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel
World Journal of Hepatology.2019; 11(1): 37. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics of acute Q fever patients in South Korea and time from symptom onset to serologic diagnosis
Jung Yeon Heo, Young Wha Choi, Eun Jin Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Seung Kwan Lim, Seon Do Hwang, Ju Young Lee, Hye Won Jeong
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Serologic Survey and Risk Factors forCoxiella burnetiiInfection among Dairy Cattle Farmers in Korea
Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyuk Chu, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kyu-Jam Hwang, Hyun-Sul Lim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroreactivity and Risk Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea
Ji-Hyuk Park, Seon Do Hwang, Dilaram Acharya, Seung Hun Lee, Kyu Jam Hwang, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kwan Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(10): 2264. CrossRef

Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study: Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Kamyar Mansori, Manoochehr Karami, Farid Zayeri, Reza Khosravi Shadman, Shiva Mansouri Hanis, Hamid Soori; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(2):83-90. Published online February 6, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.085

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden.
Methods
The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios.
Results
The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads.
Conclusions
On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

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Safe Traffic Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Alireza Shahab Jahanlou, Laleh Hassani, Vahid Ranaei, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Sonja Forward, Kristin Haglund, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors of Road Traffic Accidents in Rural and Urban Areas of Indonesia Based on the National Survey of Year 2018
Intan Zainafree, Nadia Syukria, Silfia Addina, Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal.2022; 29(2): 82. CrossRef

Reviews

Breast Density and Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies: Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):367-375. Published online October 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.054

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women.
Methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted.
Results
Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; I²=50.0%). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47).
Conclusions
In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.

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The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parity on the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Ho Kyung Sung, Seung Hyun Ma, Ji-Yeob Choi, Yunji Hwang, Choonghyun Ahn, Byoung-Gie Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Jae Weon Kim, Sokbom Kang, Jaehoon Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Daehee Kang, Suekyung Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):349-366. Published online September 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.066

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Methods
A systematic search of relevant studies published by December 31, 2015 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used to obtain the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for EOC were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively. Small to moderate heterogeneity was observed for one birth (p<0.01; Q=59.46; I²=47.9%). Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and >13 months. The summary RRs were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively. Only small heterogeneity was observed for <6 months of breastfeeding (p=0.17; Q=18.79, I²=25.5%). Compared to nulliparous women with no history of breastfeeding, the joint effects of two births and <6 months of breastfeeding resulted in a 0.5-fold reduced risk for EOC.
Conclusions
The first birth and breastfeeding for <6 months were associated with significant reductions in EOC risk.

Summary

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