Table 1.General characteristics of the study group with and without retinopathy
Variables |
Without retinopathy (n= 491) |
With retinopathy (n= 114) |
p-value2
|
Men (%) |
144 (29.3) |
39 (34.2) |
0.307 |
Age (y) |
68.7 ± 9.5 |
64.4 ± 10.9 |
<0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (y) |
7.7 ± 7.2 |
12.9 ± 9.4 |
<0.001 |
Height (cm) |
154.2 ± 8.5 |
155.4 ± 8.1 |
0.295 |
Weight (kg) |
58.8 ± 10.1 |
57.6 ± 9.7 |
0.238 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
24.7 ± 3.8 |
23.8 ± 3.5 |
0.035 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) |
193.7 ± 43.1 |
196.4 ± 48.7 |
0.558 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)1
|
153.0 (103.2-228.2) |
145.7 (99.9 -203.4) |
0.3203
|
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
47.3 ± 11.1 |
47.7 ± 12.7 |
0.729 |
HbA1c (%) |
7.3 ± 1.5 |
8.2 ± 1.8 |
<0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
65.3 ± 15.6 |
65.1 ± 17.8 |
0.909 |
Hypertension (%) |
258 (52.5) |
54 (47.4) |
0.319 |
PAD (%) |
52 (10.6) |
10 (8.8) |
0.564 |
CCA-IMT (mm) |
0.76 ± 0.42 |
0.71 ± 0.14 |
0.216 |
Carotid plaques (%) |
236 (48.1) |
60 (52.6) |
0.380 |
baPWV (m/s)1
|
17.1 (14.9-19.9) |
.17.7 (15.8-20.5) |
0.0723
|
Table 2.Association between CCA-IMT, baPWV and clinical characteristics
Variables |
CCA-IMT
|
baPWV
|
Correlation coefficient1
|
p-value |
Correlation coefficient1
|
p-value |
Duration of diabetes |
-0.059 |
0.147 |
0.018 |
0.663 |
Body mass index |
-0.005 |
0.912 |
-0.158 |
<0.001 |
Total cholesterol |
0.020 |
0.618 |
0.074 |
0.068 |
Triglycerides |
-0.013 |
0.750 |
0.131 |
0.001 |
HDL cholesterol |
-0.052 |
0.202 |
0.007 |
0.871 |
HbA1c |
-0.071 |
0.080 |
0.059 |
0.146 |
eGFR |
-0.009 |
0.827 |
-0.024 |
0.557 |
Table 3.Odds ratios for diabetic retinopathy according to CCA-IMT level, baPWV level, carotid plaque, PAD
Variables |
Range |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Model 11 OR (95% CI) |
Model 22 OR (95% CI) |
p-value for trend in Model 2 |
CCA-IMT (mm) |
|
|
|
|
|
Tertile 1 |
0.39, 0.65 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.844 |
Tertile 2 |
0.66, 0.78 |
0.86 (0.53, 1.40) |
1.12 (0.67, 1.86) |
1.16 (0.67, 2.02) |
|
Tertile 3 |
0.79, 1.30 |
0.65 (0.39, 1.08) |
0.91 (0.53, 1.58) |
1.06 (0.59, 1.90) |
|
baPWV (m/s) |
|
|
|
|
|
Tertile 1 |
9.9, 15.8 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
<0.001 |
Tertile 2 |
15.9, 18.9 |
1.45 (0.85, 2.47) |
2.48 (1.37, 4.49) |
2.41 (1.27, 4.55) |
|
Tertile 3 |
19.0, 38.0 |
1.93 (1.16, 3.24) |
4.44 (2.38, 8.31) |
4.63 (2.33, 9.21) |
|
Carotid plaque |
No vs yes |
1.20 (0.80, 1.80) |
1.43 (0.93, 2.20) |
1.20 (0.75, 1.91) |
|
PAD |
No vs yes |
0.81 (0.40, 1.65) |
1.01 (0.49, 2.10) |
0.771 (0.34, 1.73) |
|