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- Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood
- Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):338-347. Published online June 26, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.504
- 8,660 View
- 165 Download
- 1 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDF
Supplementary Material - Objectives
Young children’s feeding characteristics can play an important role in eating habits and health during later childhood. This study was conducted to examine the associations of feeding characteristics with dietary patterns and obesity in children.
Methods
This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2017. In total, 802 toddlers were included, with information on their demographic characteristics, feeding practices and duration, and 24-hour recall obtained from their parents. Feeding characteristics were categorized into feeding type, duration of total breastfeeding, duration of total formula feeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and age when starting formula feeding. Dietary patterns were identified based on factor loadings for the food groups for 3 major factors, with “vegetables & traditional,” “fish & carbohydrates,” and “sweet & fat” patterns. Overweight/obesity was defined as ≥85th percentile in body mass index based on the 2017 Korean National Growth charts for children and adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between feeding characteristics and dietary patterns. The association between dietary patterns and obesity was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results
The early introduction of formula feeding was inversely associated with the “vegetables & traditional” pattern (β=-0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.34 to -0.02). A higher “vegetables & traditional” intake was associated with a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.95).
Conclusions
Feeding characteristics are associated with dietary patterns in later childhood, and dietary patterns were shown to have a potential protective association against obesity. -
SummaryKorean summary
생애 초기 수유 형태는 유아의 식습관 형성에 영향을 주고 아울러 성장기의 식습관에도 중요한 바탕이 된다. 특히, 생애 초기 수유 형태는 유아기의 성장 발달 또는 비만과 관련됨이 알려져 있다. 과일과 채소 섭취 증가 및 다양한 식품의 섭취는 비만을 예방하는 대표적인 식습관 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에는 영아 시기의 수유 형태가 이후 유아기의 식사 패턴에 미치는 영향 및 유아기 비만과의 관련성을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사2013-2017년까지 만2-3세 유아 802명 대상으로 수유 형태에 따른 식사 패턴 분석 결과, 4개월 이전 분유 수유를 시작할 경우 ‘vegetables & traditional’패턴 점수가 감소하였다. 식사 패턴과 비만 유병률 결과, ‘vegetables & traditional’ 패턴 요인 점수가 증가할수록 비만 유병률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 본 연구 결과들을 통해 생애 초기 수유 형태에 따라 유아기(미취학아동)의 식습관에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 판단되며, 그 식습관이 반영됨에 따라 소아 비만과 관련이 있음을 나타냈다. 따라서 국내 대규모의 표본을 대상으로 한 연구 결과로 건강하고 다양한 식습관 지도를 위한 영양 교육 프로그램의 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있다고 생각된다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Comparison of the growth and nutritional status of low birth weight and normal birth weight children
Hye-Young Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(6): 630. CrossRef
- Comparison of the growth and nutritional status of low birth weight and normal birth weight children
- Adapting the Community Readiness Model and Validating a Community Readiness Tool for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs in Iran
- Mahdieh Niknam, Nasrin Omidvar, Parisa Amiri, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Naser kalantari
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):77-87. Published online January 10, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.409
- 7,083 View
- 145 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objectives
It is critical to assess community readiness (CR) when implementing childhood obesity prevention programs to ensure their eventual success and sustainability. Multiple tools have been developed based on various conceptions of readiness. One of the most widely used and flexible tools is based on the community readiness model (CRM). This study aimed to adapt the CRM and assess the validity of a community readiness tool (CRT) for childhood obesity prevention programs in Iran.
Methods
A Delphi study that included 26 individuals with expertise in 8 different subject areas was conducted to adapt the CRM into a theoretical framework for developing a CRT. After linguistic validation was conducted for a 35-question CR interview guide, the modified interview guide was evaluated for its content and face validity. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using Stata version 13 and MAXQDA 2010, respectively.
Results
The Delphi panelists confirmed the necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of all 6 CRM dimensions. The Persian version of the interview guide was then modified based on the qualitative results of the Delphi study, and 2 more questions were added to the community climate dimension of the original CRT. All questions in the modified version had acceptable content and face validity. The final CR interview guide included 37 questions across 6 CRM dimensions.
Conclusions
By adapting the CRM and confirming linguistic, content, and face validity, the present study devised a CRT for childhood obesity prevention programs that can be used in relevant studies in Iran. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- The Community Readiness Instrument: A Quantitative Measurement Using Statistical Best Practices to Assess Systemic Change Readiness
Natalie M. Ricciutti, Jenny L. Cureton, Sijia Zhang
Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(1): 153. CrossRef - Implementation science in higher education: Identifying key determinants in the selection of evidence-based alcohol and substance prevention and treatment
Ashley C. Helle, Karla T. Washington, Joan Masters, Kenneth J. Sher, Gregory A. Aarons, Kristin M. Hawley
Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment.2025; 170: 209617. CrossRef - Improving community readiness among Iranian local communities to prevent childhood obesity
Mahdieh Niknam, Nasrin Omidvar, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Naser Kalantari, Keyvan Olazadeh, Parisa Amiri
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls
- Yong Jin Gil, Jong Hyun Park, Joohon Sung
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):59-66. Published online December 29, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.428
- 5,190 View
- 133 Download
- 1 Web of Science
- 1 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDF
- Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data.
Methods
The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates.
Results
Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche.
Conclusions
Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche. -
SummaryKorean summary
초경연령의 조기화는 세계적인 현상이나 유독 우리나라에서는 그 단축속도가 매우 빠르나. 그 위험요인은 비만 이외에 확립되어 있지 못하다. 본 연구는 한국아동청소년패널의 2010-16년도까지 추적관찰된 914 명의 여아 자료를 Gompetz 회귀모형 (다중 분절형 생존분석모형)을 통해 분석하였며, 그 결과 과체중은 1년의 초경연령 단축을 유발할 위험도가 정상체중 여아에 비해 1.63배, 수면시간이 충분하지 못한 여아는 충분한 수면을 취하는 여아에 비해 1년의 초경연령 단축이 발생할 위험도가 1.38배 높은 것으로 나타났다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Neighbourhood environment and early menarche among adolescent girls of five countries
Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Taemi Kim, Eunson Gwak, Seung-Ah Choe, Adriane Martin Hilber
The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care.2024; 29(6): 263. CrossRef
- Neighbourhood environment and early menarche among adolescent girls of five countries
- Investigating the Relationship Between Accessibility of Green Space and Adult Obesity Rates: A Secondary Data Analysis in the United States
- Junhyoung Kim, Sujung Lee, William Ramos
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(3):208-217. Published online May 18, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.625
- 10,346 View
- 205 Download
- 14 Web of Science
- 15 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDF
- Objectives
In spite of the importance of green space for reducing obesity-related problems, there has been little exploration of whether access to green space (e.g., parks and recreational facilities) influences the obesity rate of adults in the United States. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among accessibility of green space, obesity rates, and socioeconomic and demographic variables among adults living in the State of Indiana, United States.
Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis to investigate the relationships among accessibility to green space, obesity rates, and socio-demographic variables with employing Geographic Information System in order to measure the accessibility of green space.
Results
This study found that accessibility of green space served as a strong predictor of reduced obesity rates among adults (β=-2.478; p<0.10). In addition, adults with higher education levels, as well as better access to green space, were found to have even lower obesity rates (β=-0.188; p<0.05). Other control variables such as unemployment rates, food security, and physical inactivity are additional factors that influence obesity rates among adults.
Conclusions
Accessibility of green space may play an important role in facilitating physical activity participation and reducing obesity rates. -
SummaryKorean summary
본 연구는 미국 인디애나 주의 녹지공간의 접근성 (공원 및 레크레이션 시설), 성인 비만 및 다양한 변수 (교육열, 실업률 및 임금) 사이의 관계를 분석하기위해 지리정보시스템 (GIS) 와 다중회귀 방법을 함께 사용하였습니다. 이 연구는 녹지공간의 접근성이 성인 비만율을 감소시키는 역활을 한다고 밝혀내었습니다. 녹지공간 접근성이 높은 카운티는 접근성이 낮은 카운티에 비해 성인들의 비만 가능성이 낮다는것을 시사하였습니다. 게다가, 녹지공간에 더 잘 접근할 뿐만 아니라 더 높은 교육 수준을 가진 카운티는 더 낮은 비만율을 가지고 있다는것으로 밝혀졌습니다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Urban parks and public health: A multi-scale assessment of park and Covid-19 dynamics on public health in the US
Mahran Gamal N. Mahran, Haoying Han, Mahmoud Mabrouk, Salma Antar A. AbouKorin
Social Science & Medicine.2026; 389: 118829. CrossRef - The relationship between natural environments and obesity: a systematic review
Melissa Lu, Mischion Murphy, Andrew Kim, Mary Lingwall, Emily Anne Barr
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2025; 35(7): 1772. CrossRef - Obesity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Social and Biobehavioral Pathways
Izza Shahid, Faiza Zakaria, Ryan Chang, Umair Javed, Zahir Malik Amin, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Khurram Nasir, Zulqarnain Javed
Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal.2025; 21(2): 23. CrossRef - Role of Diabetes Self-management Education for Our Health Systems and Economy
Betul Hatipoglu, Peter J Pronovost
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 110(Supplement): S91. CrossRef - Veterinary clinicians as One Health messengers: opportunities for preventing zoonoses while promoting biophilia in the United States
Macon Overcast
Frontiers in Conservation Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The Role of Urban Built Environment in Enhancing Cardiovascular Health in Chinese Cities: A Systematic Review
Wenyu Zhao, Jialei Li, Yu Li, Yuejia Xu, Pinghao Liu
Buildings.2025; 15(18): 3364. CrossRef - Reimagining Urban Spaces: Green Spaces, Obesity, and Health Resilience in an Era of Extreme Heat
Lucy Tu, Sammer Marzouk, Kimberly N. Dowdell, Fatima Cody Stanford
Journal of Urban Health.2024; 101(2): 344. CrossRef - Racial and geographic disparities in neonatal brain care
Zachary A. Vesoulis, Stephanie Diggs, Cherise Brackett, Brynne Sullivan
Seminars in Perinatology.2024; 48(5): 151925. CrossRef - Exposure to useable green space and physical activity during active travel: A longitudinal GPS and accelerometer study before and after retirement
S. Pasanen, J.I. Halonen, K. Suorsa, T. Leskinen, C. Gonzales-Inca, Y. Kestens, B. Thierry, J. Pentti, J. Vahtera, S. Stenholm
Health & Place.2024; 90: 103366. CrossRef - Household food insecurity and associated factors in the Northeast of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Mohammad Reza Honarvar, Masoomeh Gholami, Zahra Abdollahi, Farzaneh Sadeghi Ghotbabadi, Farhad Lashkarboluki, Majid Najafzadeh, Mohsen Mansouri, Gholamreza Veghari, Nasser Behnampour
BMC Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Relationship between Body Mass Index and Diagnosis of Overweight or Obesity in Veterans Administration Population
Onur Baser, Erdem Baser, Gabriela Samayoa
Healthcare.2023; 11(11): 1529. CrossRef - Non-traditional data sources in obesity research: a systematic review of their use in the study of obesogenic environments
Julia Mariel Wirtz Baker, Sonia Alejandra Pou, Camila Niclis, Eugenia Haluszka, Laura Rosana Aballay
International Journal of Obesity.2023; 47(8): 686. CrossRef - A review of factors influencing sensitive skin: an emphasis on built environment characteristics
Xiangfeng Chen, Jing Wen, Wenjuan Wu, Qiuzhi Peng, Xiangfen Cui, Li He
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Neighborhood Social Environment and Body Mass Index: The Mediating Role of Mental Wellbeing
Shayna D. Cunningham, Jennifer Mandelbaum, Fatma M. Shebl, Mark Abraham, Kathleen O’Connor Duffany
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(16): 6602. CrossRef - Association of decreases in PM2.5 levels due to the implementation of environmental protection policies with the incidence of obesity in adolescents: A prospective cohort study
Xiaohua Liang, Fangchao Liu, Fengchao Liang, Yanling Ren, Xian Tang, Shunqing Luo, Daochao Huang, Wei Feng
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2022; 247: 114211. CrossRef
- Urban parks and public health: A multi-scale assessment of park and Covid-19 dynamics on public health in the US
- Relationship Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Decreased Bone Mineral Density: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea
- Jisun Sung, Seungho Ryu, Yun-Mi Song, Hae-Kwan Cheong
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):342-352. Published online July 17, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.089
- 8,147 View
- 157 Download
- 19 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was associated with incident bone mineral density (BMD) decrease.
Methods
This study included 4536 subjects with normal BMD at baseline. NAFLD was defined as the presence of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography without significant alcohol consumption or other causes. Decreased BMD was defined as a diagnosis of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or BMD below the expected range for the patient’s age based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of incident BMD decrease in subjects with or without NAFLD. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the relevant factors.
Results
Across 13 354 person-years of total follow-up, decreased BMD was observed in 606 subjects, corresponding to an incidence of 45.4 cases per 1000 person-years (median follow-up duration, 2.1 years). In the model adjusted for age and sex, the hazard ratio was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.82), and statistical significance disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic factors. In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD was associated with a lower risk of incident BMD decrease in females even after adjustment for confounders. The direction of the effect of NAFLD on the risk of BMD decrease changed depending on BMI category and body fat percentage, although the impact was statistically insignificant.
Conclusions
NAFLD had a significant protective effect on BMD in females. However, the effects may vary depending on BMI category or body fat percentage. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with bone health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Xingzhi Li, Wei Luo, Ke Chen, Yong Peng
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - The contested association between MASLD and osteoporosis: a narrative review of heterogeneous evidence and modifying factors
Ya-Jun Xiao, Yan-Ling Zhang, Xiao-Zhou Mao, Di Yang, Yan-Qun Liu, Yan Cheng, Xiao-Ling Liu, Chang-Feng Sun, Hao Sun, Cun-Liang Deng
Archives of Osteoporosis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics in Asia Adults
Xinjuan Huang, Ruoling Yu, Xinyun Tan, Manjie Guo, Yuanqin Xia, Huihui Zou, Xuelian Liu, Chunxiang Qin
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2025; 15(1): 102420. CrossRef - Role of traditional Chinese medicine on fracture, hospitalization, and total mortality risks in patients with hyperthyroidism and osteoporosis
Yuan-Chih Hsiao, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chien-Jung Lin, Li-Jen Tsai, Shi-Wen Kuo, Chieh-Hua Lu, Wu-Chien Chien
Medicine.2025; 104(20): e42484. CrossRef - Increased BMD in SLD Patients Without Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis: Evidence From the NHANES 2017–2020 Database
Tianhao Wu, Lu Li, Yayuan Mei, Peizhen Lv, Jiawei Cui, Lin Liu, Yuemin Nan, Ang Li, Yu-Chen Fan
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Maria Eleni Chondrogianni, Ioannis Kyrou, Theodoros Androutsakos, Christina-Maria Flessa, Evangelos Menenakos, Kamaljit Kaur Chatha, Yekaterina Aranan, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Eva Kassi, Harpal S. Randeva
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Alpesh Goyal, Suraj Kubihal, Yashdeep Gupta, Shalimar, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, Mani Kalaivani, Nikhil Tandon
Endocrine.2024; 86(2): 790. CrossRef - Effects of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease on Bone Density and Fragility Fractures: Associations and Mechanisms
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- The Relationship Between Obesity, Overweight, and the Human Development Index in World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries
- Amin Ataey, Elnaz Jafarvand, Davoud Adham, Eslam Moradi-Asl
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):98-105. Published online March 31, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.100
- 22,091 View
- 324 Download
- 122 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Obesity is regarded as one of the most prominent health threats worldwide and a serious risk factor for non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Given the role that societal development—as reflected by the Human Development Index (HDI)—may play in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, this study aimed to investigate the degree to which the prevalence of obesity and overweight is affected by HDI and its components.
Methods
In this ecological study, the required data on HDI and its components were gathered from the latest report of the United Nations Development Program, and data on obesity and overweight were acquired from the latest reports published on the World Health Organization website. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 24.0.
Results
The prevalence of obesity was determined to be significantly higher among females than males, and the gross national index per capita was found to be significantly higher for males than females (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between HDI and its components and sex, as well as indices of obesity and overweight.
Conclusions
A significant positive correlation exists between HDI and obesity. As policy-makers attempt to improve the general welfare of the people, they should be aware of potential unwanted effects of development on the risk of obesity and overweight among the population. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- The impact of obesity on bone health: molecular pathways, metabolic interactions, and associated pathologies
Abolfazl Bagherifard, Ahmad Hemmatyar, Karo Khosravi, Ali Rouzbahani, Khatere Mokhtari, Hooman Yahyazedeh, Hamid Tanzadehpanah
International Journal of Obesity.2026; 50(1): 87. CrossRef - The ‘obesity paradox’ in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A specialized narrative review
Johao Escobar, Iqra Riaz, Muzamil Khawaja, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Joshua Hahn, Fu'’ad Al-Azzam, Zhen Wang, Mahboob Alam, Markus Strauss, Chayakrit Krittanawong
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Eduardo Rossato de Victo, Gerson Ferrari, Clemens Drenowatz, Dirceu Solé
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- Comparison of Trends in Blood Pressure and the Prevalence of Obesity Among Korean and American Adolescents: A 12-Years Cross-sectional Study
- Somi Heo, Seyoung Kwon, Yu-Mi Lee, Ji-Yeon Shin, Duk-Hee Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):45-55. Published online November 20, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.198
- 8,386 View
- 214 Download
- 8 Crossref
-
Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objectives
This study was conducted to explore recent trends in the prevalence of pediatric elevated blood pressure and hypertension (HTN) in Korea and the United States, applying the new HTN reference values for adolescents.
Methods
This study analyzed 17 339 (8755 Korean and 8584 American) adolescents aged 10 to 17 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, respectively, between 2005 and 2016. HTN was defined using percentile-based reference values for non-overweight adolescents from 7 nations, and obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) based on country-specific growth charts. All analyses were stratified by sex and year-over-year changes were evaluated by calculating the p for trend.
Results
Systolic blood pressure showed a statistically meaningful upward trend in Korean boys and girls, while diastolic blood pressure did not show any significant changes. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels declined among United States boys and girls. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN remained similar in Korean adolescents, but declined in both sexes among United States adolescents. BMI increased in both sexes among Korean adolescents, although the overweight and obesity rates stayed the same. No significant trends were found in any obesity indices among United States adolescents. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN by obesity level was higher among Korean adolescents than among their United States peers in both sexes, and the gap became higher at more severe levels of obesity.
Conclusions
Despite the strong correlation between obesity and HTN, recent trends in the prevalence of HTN and obesity among Korean and United States adolescents were strikingly different. Follow-up studies are necessary to determine why the prevalence of HTN was more than twice as high among Korean adolescents than among their United States counterparts. -
SummaryKorean summary
본 연구에서는 새로운 소아청소년 고혈압 기준을 이용하여, 최근 한국과 미국 소아청소년들의 혈압 및 고혈압 유병률의 변화 추이를 비교하였다. 비만과 고혈압간의 높은 관련성에도 불구하고 한국과 미국 소아청소년의 고혈압 유병률과 비만율은 서로 다른 변화 추이를 나타내었으며, 고혈압 발생에 있어서 한국 소아청소년들이 미국 소아청소년들보다 비만에 더 취약할 가능성을 나타내고 있어 이에 관한 후속연구가 필요하다. -
Citations
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- Current status of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among adolescents in Asia: a systematic review
- Measuring and Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Obesity in Western Iran
- Farid Najafi, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Satar Rezaei, Mehdi Moradi Nazar, Moslem Soofi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):289-297. Published online October 29, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.062
- 10,206 View
- 184 Download
- 19 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Obesity is a considerable and growing public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in western Iran.
Methods
A total of 10 086 participants, aged 35-65 years, from the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease Cohort Study (2014-2016) were included in the study to examine socioeconomic inequalities in obesity. We defined obesity as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 . The concentration index and concentration curve were used to illustrate and measure wealth-related inequality in obesity. Additionally, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in obesity.
Results
Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the total sample was 26.7%. The concentration index of obesity was 0.04; indicating that obesity was more concentrated among the rich (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis indicated that wealth, place of residence, and marital status were the main contributors to the observed inequality in obesity.
Conclusions
Socioeconomic-related inequalities in obesity among adults warrant more attention. Policies should be designed to reduce both the prevalence of obesity and inequalities in obesity by focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, urban residents, and married individuals. -
Summary
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- Can Obesity Cause Depression? A Pseudo-panel Analysis
- Hyungserk Ha, Chirok Han, Beomsoo Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(4):262-267. Published online June 27, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.067
- 16,964 View
- 269 Download
- 23 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The US ranks ninth in obesity in the world, and approximately 7% of US adults experience major depressive disorder. Social isolation due to the stigma attached to obesity might trigger depression. Methods: This paper examined the impact of obesity on depression. To overcome the endogeneity problem, we constructed pseudopanel data using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1997 to 2008. Results: The results were robust, and body mass index (BMI) was found to have a positive effect on depression days and the percentage of depressed individuals in the population. Conclusions: We attempted to overcome the endogeneity problem by using a pseudo-panel approach and found that increases in the BMI increased depression days (or being depressed) to a statistically significant extent, with a large effect size. -
Summary
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- Replication of Early B-cell Factor 1 (EBF1) Gene-by-psychosocial Stress Interaction Effects on Central Adiposity in a Korean Population
- Hyun-Jin Kim, Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):253-259. Published online July 10, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.028
- 12,609 View
- 159 Download
- 2 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene
Methods
A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling.
Results
The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model (pint<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model (pint<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- The Relationship of Socioeconomic and Behavioral Risk Factors With Trends of Overweight in Korea
- Jin Hee Shin, Matthew E. Dupre, Truls Østbye, Gwen Murphy, Mina Silberberg
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(6):310-318. Published online November 17, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.001
- 11,406 View
- 117 Download
- 3 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Previous studies have shown that overweight (including obesity) has increased significantly in Korea in recent decades. However, it remains unclear whether this change has been uniform among all Koreans and to what extent socioeconomic and behavioral factors have contributed to this increase.
Methods
Changes in overweight were estimated using data from the 1998, 2001, 2005, 2007-2009, and 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=55 761).
Results
Overweight increased significantly among men but not among women between 1998 and 2012. Changes in socioeconomic and behavioral factors over the time period were not associated with overall trends for both men and women. However, we found significant differences in the prevalence of overweight relative to key risk factors. For men, overweight increased at a significantly greater rate among the non-exercising (predicted probability [PP] from 0.23 to 0.32] and high-calorie (PP from 0.18 to 0.37) groups compared to their active and lower-calorie counterparts, respectively. For women, overweight increased only among the non-exercising (PP from 0.27 to 0.28) and low-income (PP from 0.31 to 0.36) groups during this period.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that programs aimed at reducing overweight should target Korean men and women in specific socioeconomic and behavioral risk groups differentially. -
Summary
Citations
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Elsyie Yuniarti, Masrul ., Delmi Sulastri, Ikhwana Elfitri, Nur Indrawati Lipoeto, Rizanda Machmud, Afrizal ., Denas Symond
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Hyun-Young Shin, Hee-Taik Kang
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- The Combined Effect of Subjective Body Image and Body Mass Index (Distorted Body Weight Perception) on Suicidal Ideation
- Jaeyong Shin, Young Choi, Kyu-Tae Han, Sung-Youn Cheon, Jae-Hyun Kim, Sang Gyu Lee, Eun-Cheol Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(2):94-104. Published online March 14, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.055
- 13,602 View
- 151 Download
- 18 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Mental health disorders and suicide are an important and growing public health concern in Korea. Evidence has shown that both globally and in Korea, obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing some psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we examined the association between distorted body weight perception (BWP) and suicidal ideation.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2007-2012 Korea National Health and Nutritional Evaluation Survey (KNHANES), an annual cross-sectional nationwide survey that included 14 276 men and 19 428 women. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between nine BWP categories, which combined body image (BI) and body mass index (BMI) categories, and suicidal ideation. Moreover, the fitness of our models was verified using the Akaike information criterion.
Results
Consistent with previous studies, suicidal ideation was associated with marital status, household income, education level, and perceived health status in both genders. Only women were significantly more likely to have distorted BWP; there was no relationship among men. In category B1 (low BMI and normal BI), women (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 3.42) were more likely to express suicidal ideation than women in category B2 (normal BMI and normal BI) were. Women in overweight BWP category C2 (normal BMI and fat BI) also had an increased OR for suicidal ideation (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.42). Those in normal BWP categories were not likely to have suicidal ideation. Among women in the underweight BWP categories, only the OR for those in category A2 (normal BMI and thin BI) was significant (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.59).
Conclusions
Distorted BWP should be considered an important factor in the prevention of suicide and for the improvement of mental health among Korean adults, especially Korean women with distorted BWPs. -
Summary
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- Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in Adults: Evidence From the 2001 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Jihye Kim, Shreela V. Sharma, Sung Kyun Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(2):94-103. Published online March 31, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.2.94
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Abstract
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Objectives The present study examined relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity and body mass index (BMI) as well as the effects of health-related behavioral and psychological factors on the relationships.
Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of obesity and mean differences in BMI, respectively, across SES levels after controlling for health-related behavioral and psychological factors.
Results We observed significant gender-specific relationships of SES with obesity and BMI after adjusting for all covariates. In men, income, but not education, showed a slightly positive association with BMI (
p <0.05 in 2001 and 2005). In women, education, but not income, was inversely associated with both obesity and BMI (p <0.0001 in all datasets). These relationships were attenuated with adjusting for health-related behavioral factors, not for psychological factors.Conclusions Results confirmed gender-specific disparities in the associations of SES with obesity and BMI among adult Korean population. Focusing on intervention for health-related behaviors may be effective to reduce social inequalities in obesity.
-
Summary
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Yunmin Han, Hoyong Sung, Younghwan Choi, Yeon Soo Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
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- Associations Between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Healthy Lifestyles in Korean Adults: The Result of the 2010 Community Health Survey
- So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Seong Woo Choi, Mi Ah Han
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(2):113-123. Published online March 31, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.2.113
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Abstract
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Objectives Several previous studies have found that healthy behaviors substantially reduce non-communicable disease incidence and mortality. The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of four modifiable healthy behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among Korean adults according to socio-demographic and regional factors.
Methods We analyzed data from 199 400 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2010 Korean Community Health Survey. We defined a healthy lifestyle as a combination of four modifiable healthy behaviors: non-smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular walking, and a healthy weight. We calculated the prevalence rates and odds ratios of each healthy behavior and healthy lifestyle according to socio-demographic and regional characteristics.
Results The prevalence rates were as follows: non-smoking, 75.0% (53.7% in men, 96.6% in women); moderate alcohol consumption, 88.2% (79.7% in men, 96.9% in women); regular walking, 45.0% (46.2% in men, 43.8% in women); healthy weight, 77.4% (71.3% in men, 73.6% in women); and a healthy lifestyle, 25.5% (16.4% in men, 34.6% in women). The characteristics associated with a low prevalence of healthy lifestyle were male gender, younger age (19 to 44 years of age), low educational attainment, married, living in a rural area, living in the Chungcheong, Youngnam, or Gwangwon-Jeju region, and poorer self-rated health.
Conclusions Further research should be implemented to explore the explainable factors of disparities for socio-demographic and regional characteristics to engage in the healthy lifestyle among adults.
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- Behavioural Determinants for Obesity: A Cross-sectional Study Among Urban Adolescents in India
- M. Anitha Rani, B.W.C. Sathiyasekaran
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(4):192-200. Published online July 31, 2013
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.4.192
- 15,914 View
- 177 Download
- 32 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
Objectives To measure the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for obesity among urban adolescent school children in Chennai, India.
Methods This study was performed as a cross-sectional study using a World Health Organization-designed Global School-based Student Health Survey questionnaire (modified for India) among adolescent school children studying in 30 randomly selected secondary and higher secondary schools in Chennai city. 1842 adolescents studying in the VIII to XII standards were randomly selected for the study.
Results In the present study, 40.7% of the students ate fruit one or more times per day and 74.5% of the students ate vegetables one or more times per day. Nearly 20% of the students ate fast food items on 4 to 7 days during the previous week. Among the students, 30.4% watched television for more than two hours per day. Nearly 68% of the girls and 22% of the boys did not participate in outdoor sports activities. When the pattern of physical activity of the students was assessed, it was observed that 15.6% were inactive, 43.4% were minimally active, and the remaining 41.0% belonged to the category of health enhancing physical activity. Among the students, 6.2% were overweight and 5.2% were obese.
Conclusions The prevalence of risk factors for obesity was quite high among the adolescents. This study also showed that a great proportion of overweight/obese adolescents had a correct perception of their body weight and they were making efforts to modify risk factors such as television viewing, computer use, a sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits.
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Special Article- Overview of Noncommunicable Diseases in Korean Children and Adolescents: Focus on Obesity and Its Effect on Metabolic Syndrome
- Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(4):173-182. Published online July 31, 2013
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.4.173
- 16,064 View
- 108 Download
- 7 Crossref
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Abstract
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Obesity during childhood is a dominant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and is itself considered a disease that needs to be treated. Recently, the growth in childhood obesity in Korea has become stagnant; however, two in every ten children are still overweight. In addition, 60% or more of overweight children have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Thus, childhood obesity should be controlled through lifestyle modification. This paper reviews studies of the modifiable risk factors of obesity in Korean children. According to the life-course approach, preschool-aged children (<5 years) are influenced by their parents rather than individual habits because they are under mostly parental care. Elementary school-aged children (6 to 11 years) are affected by overlapping individual and parental effects. This may mean that the establishment of individual behavior patterns begins during this period. The conditions of poor eating habits such as skipping meals, eating out, and high fat intake, along with low physical activity, facilitate increased obesity among adolescents (12 to 18 years). Notably, adolescent girls show high rates of both underweight and obesity, which may lead to the development of NCDs in their offspring. Therefore, the problem of NCDs is no longer limited to adults, but is also prevalent among children. In addition, early intervention offers cost-effective opportunities for preventing NCDs. Thus, children need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of NCDs later in adulthood.
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Original Articles- Smoking Is Associated With Abdominal Obesity, Not Overall Obesity, in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
- Ji Eun Yun, Heejin Kimm, Young Ju Choi, Sun Ha Jee, Kap Bum Huh
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(5):316-322. Published online September 28, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.5.316
- 13,159 View
- 101 Download
- 21 Crossref
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Abstract
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Objectives Abdominal obesity increases mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and there is a possibility that smoking effects obesity. However, previous studies concerning the effects of smoking on obesity are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking is positively related to abdominal obesity in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods Subjects consisted of 2197 type 2 diabetic patients who visited Huh's Diabetes Center from 2003 to 2009. Indices of abdominal obesity were defined as visceral fat thickness (VFT) measured by ultrasonography and waist circumference (WC). Overall obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI).
Results Statistically significant differences in WC and VFT by smoking status were identified. However, there was no statistical difference in BMI according to smoking status. Means of WC and VFT were not significantly higher in heavy smokers and lower in mild smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, the BMI confounder adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for VFT in ex-smokers and current-smokers were 1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) and 1.86 (1.27 to 2.73), respectively.
Conclusions Smoking status was positively associated with abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Kang Chen, Haojie Zhang, Nianwei Wu, Bing Li, Sheyu Li, Yiming Mu
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- Differences in Obesity Rates Between People With and Without Disabilities and the Association of Disability and Obesity: A Nationwide Population Study in South Korea
- Moo-Kyung Oh, Hyeongap Jang, Yong-Ik Kim, Belong Jo, Yoon Kim, Jong-Heon Park, Jin-Seok Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(4):211-218. Published online July 31, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.4.211
- 12,147 View
- 74 Download
- 17 Crossref
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Abstract
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Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the differences in obesity rates among people with and without disabilities, and evaluate the relationship between obesity rates and the existence of disabilities or characteristics of disabilities.
Methods Mass screening data from 2008 from the National Disability Registry and National Health Insurance (NHI) are used. For analysis, we classified physical disability into three subtypes: upper limb disability, lower limb disability, and spinal cord injury. For a control group, we extracted people without disabilities by each subtype. To adjust for the participation rate in the NHI mass screening, we calculated and adopted the weight stratified by sex, age, and grade of disability. Differences in obesity rates between people with and without disabilities were examined by a chi-squared test. In addition, the effect of the existence of disabilities and grade of disabilities on obesity was examined by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results People with disabilities were found to have a higher obesity rate than those without disabilities. The obesity rates were 35.2% and 35.0% (people with disabilities vs. without disabilities) in the upper limb disability, 44.5% and 34.8% in the lower limb disability, 43.4% and 34.6% in the spinal cord injury. The odds for existence of physical disability and grade of disability are higher than the non-disabilities.
Conclusions These results show that people with physical disability have a higher vulnerability to obesity.
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Citations to this article as recorded by- Asociación de la discapacidad con la mortalidad cardiovascular en la población adulta española no institucionalizada
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Alicia Padrón-Monedero, Fernando J. García López, Javier Almazán-Isla, Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta, Javier Damián
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Julianne G. Clina, Holly R. Wyatt, James O. Hill, Christine C. Ferguson, Hui‐Ju Young, James H. Rimmer
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Marianne Holmgren, Magnus Sandberg, Gerd Ahlström
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Jeroen S. de Munter, Per Tynelius, Gerd Ahlström, Finn Rasmussen
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Sungmin Son, Byoungjin Jeon, Heejung Kim
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- The Association Between Serum Albumin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in a Rural Population of Korea
- Hye Min Cho, Hyeon Chang Kim, Ju-Mi Lee, Sun Min Oh, Dong Phil Choi, Il Suh
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(2):98-104. Published online March 31, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.2.98
- 14,981 View
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- 31 Crossref
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Abstract
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Objectives A positive association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome has been reported in observation studies, but it has not been established in the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome among a sample of apparently healthy Korean adults.
Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 3189 community-dwelling people (1189 men and 2000 women) who were aged 40 to 87 years and were living in a rural area in Korea. Serum albumin levels were classified into quartile groups for each sex. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines with an adjusted waist circumference cut-off value (≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women). An independent association between serum albumin levels and metabolic syndrome was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results Higher serum albumin levels were associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the highest versus the lowest serum albumin quartiles was 2.81 (1.91 to 4.14) in men and 1.96 (1.52 to 2.52) in women, after adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. When each metabolic abnormality was analyzed separately, higher serum albumin levels were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in both sexes, and with abdominal obesity in men.
Conclusions These results suggest that higher serum albumin levels are positively associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.
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- Interaction Between Persistent Organic Pollutants and C-reactive Protein in Estimating Insulin Resistance Among Non-diabetic Adults
- Ki-Su Kim, Nam-Soo Hong, David R Jacobs, Duk-Hee Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(2):62-69. Published online March 31, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.2.62
- 12,993 View
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- 14 Crossref
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Abstract
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Objectives Chronic inflammation is now thought to play a key pathogenetic role in the associations of obesity with insulin resistance and diabetes. Based on our recent findings on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including the lack of an association between obesity and either insulin resistance or diabetes prevalence among subjects with very low concentrations of POPs, we hypothesized that POP concentrations may be associated with inflammation and modify the associations between inflammation and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects.
Methods Cross-sectional associations among serum POPs, C-reactive protein (CRP), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated in 748 non-diabetic participants aged ≥20 years. Nineteen types of POPs in 5 subclasses were selected because the POPs were detectable in ≥60% of the participants.
Results Among the five subclasses of POPs, only organochlorine (OC) pesticides showed positive associations with CRP concentrations, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) showed inverse associations with CRP concentrations. There were statistically significant interactions between CRP and OC pesticides and between CRP and PCBs, in estimating HOMA-IR (P for interaction <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). CRP was not associated with HOMA-IR among subjects with low concentrations of OC pesticides or PCBs, while CRP was strongly associated with HOMA-IR among subjects with high concentrations of these POPs.
Conclusions In the current study, OC pesticides were associated with increased levels of CRP, a marker of inflammation, and both OC pesticides and PCBs may also modify the associations between CRP and insulin resistance.
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Summary
Citations
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- Chang-Hun You, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Jung-Man Kim, Seung-Do Yu, Yu-Mi Kim, Rock-Bum Kim, Young-Seoub Hong
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Abstract
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Objectives This study investigated the relationship between the blood mercury concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Korean individuals living in coastal areas.
Methods The sample consisted of 477 adults (164 males, 313 females) aged 40 to 65 years who visited a Busan health promotion center from June to September in 2009. The relationship between blood mercury concentration and cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic syndrome, cholesterol profiles, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), was investigated. Variables related to blood mercury concentration were further evaluated using multiple regression analysis.
Results The blood mercury concentration of the study population was 7.99 (range, 7.60 to 8.40) µg/L. In males, the blood mercury concentration was 9.74 (8.92 to 10.63) µg/L, which was significantly higher than that in females (7.21, [6.80 to 7.64] µg/L). The blood mercury concentration of the study population was related to several cardiovascular risk factors including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p=0.044), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p=0.034), BMI (p = 0.006), waist circumference (p = 0.031), and WHR (p < 0.001). In males, the blood mercury concentration was significantly correlated with WHR in the multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions In males, the blood mercury concentration was related to waist-to-hip ratio, which is a central obesity index and cardiovascular risk factor. Our finding suggests that cardiovascular disease risk in males was increased by mercury exposure via an obesity-related mechanism.
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Citations
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- Trends in Body Mass Index and Associations With Physical Activity Among Career Soldiers in South Korea
- Kyoung-Ki Bae, Ho Kim, Sung-Il Cho
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(4):167-175. Published online July 29, 2010
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.4.167
- 12,602 View
- 60 Download
- 4 Crossref
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Abstract
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Objective This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002 - 2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers.
Method This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixed-regression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity.
Results Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20- 29: 1.16, men aged 30 - 39: 0.61, men aged 40 - 49: 0.05, women aged 20- 29: 0.35, women aged 30- 39: 0.30, women aged 40-49: 0.26, and women aged 50- 59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3- 4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week.
Conclusions Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.
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Summary
Citations
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Sharif Al-Mahdia, Farjana Akter Boby, Manisha Badhan
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to determine whether an increase in abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 DM. METHODS: Among 24, 212 adults over 30 years who undertook comprehensive medical screening examinations from Jan to Dec 1999, in a university hospital in Seoul, a total of 11, 183 subjects were selected who had no DM at baseline and who were followed up more than once by Dec 2002. The average follow up period was 2.4 (+/-0.5) years. DM was defined as having a fasting glucose level > or = 126mg/dl, and impaired fasting glucose as showing a fasting glucose level between 110 and 125 mg/dl. Body weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were simultaneously measured with blood sampling. The relative risks (RRs) for DM and impaired fasting glucose by WC were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Ageadjusted rates were estimated by direct standardization using a reference population of 2000 from 30 to 80 years. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 41.7 (+/- 7.0) years; males 41.2 (+/-6.5) and females 45.6 (+/-9.2). RRs for type 2 DM by WC with the reference group of WC < 80cm were as follows: 2.66 (95%, CI 0.55~12.8) for WC of 80~89cm in men, 5.92 (95%, CI 1.08~32.3) for WC > or = 90 cm in men, and 2.64 (95%, CI 0.23~29.8) for WC of 80~89cm in females. RRs for impaired fasting glucose by WC were 3.03 (95%, CI 2.18~4.22) for WC 80~89cm in men, 6.10 (95%, CI 4.25~8.75) for WC > or = 90cm in men, and 1.56 (95%, CI 0.43~5.67) for WC 80~89cm in women, and 8.08 (95%, CI 2.22~29.4) for WC > or = 90cm in females. These results remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI and fasting glucose concentrations at baseline in both sexes. Annual increment of more than 1 cm in WC was associated with the development of DM and impaired fasting glucose independently of age, sex, BMI, or presence of abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: In Korean adults, abdominal obesity increased the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. This result supports many other prospective studies suggesting abdominal obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. -
SummaryResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- The Impacts of Obesity on Psychological Well-being: A Cross-sectional Study about Depressive Mood and Quality of Life.
- Ji Yeong Kim, Dong Jae Oh, Tae Young Yoon, Joong Myung Choi, Bong Keun Choe
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):191-195.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.191
- 7,314 View
- 128 Download
- 19 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess whether individuals who visit clinics to ask medical help for obesity treatment depict comparable levels of depression, body dissatisfaction, eating psychopathology and lower quality of life. METHODS: This is a cross sectional study with 534 females who sought treatment for their obesity or overweight being recruited in seven clinical units in Seoul, Korea. The patients group was divided into two groups. The group 1 consisted of the patients with BMI >25 kg/m2. The women who showed BMI < or =25 kg/m2 among patients recruited for this study were classified as the group 2. The control group (group 3) was composed of 398 healthy females who have never tried to lose weight. RESULTS: We found that group 1 had higher frequency of more than moderate level of depression than group 2 and group3 did. Both patients groups showed greater eating disordered attitudes and behaviors regardless of obese condition than the control group. Group1 showed relatively lower level of quality of life than group2 and group3 in terms of the quality of life related to physical well-being. In addition, the control group reported higher quality of life in psychological health than both patients groups did. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is necessary for clinicians to make a careful evaluation of depressive tendency and eating disorders when obese women seek for medical help. The combination of medical treatment and psychological approach for obese women would result in higher quality of life. -
Summary
Citations
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Wei Li, Na Hu, Xingjie Yang, Wenkai Zheng, Jinghui Tong, Jiaqi Song, Yanying Song, Xiaoxiao Gao, Zhiren Wang, Wenjie Liu, Leilei Wang, Yunlong Tan, Chundi Wang, Hu Deng
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Comparative Study- Body Weight at Birth and at Age Three and Respiratory Illness in Preschool Children.
- Yoolwon Jeong, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Jin Hwa Lee, Hwa Young Lee, Eun Ae Park, Young Ju Kim, Eunhee Ha, Se Young Oh, Hyesook Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(5):369-376.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.369
- 7,067 View
- 67 Download
- 19 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of current body weight and body mass index (BMI) at age three and birth weight in developing chronic respiratory illness in childhood and identify possible interaction underlying its mechanism. METHODS: The study was carried out with 422 children who were enrolled in a hospital-based birth cohort. Birth related anthropometric data were collected at birth. At age 3 years, the presence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated by using the Korean version of core questionnaire for wheezing and asthma from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Physical examination was carried out to measure the child's weight and height. RESULTS: Children in the lowest birth weight tertile (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 0.94-16.68) or highest BMI tertile (aOR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.24-10.95) at three years of age were at an increased risk of chronic respiratory illness. Children who were initially in the lowest birth weight tertile but now belong in the highest weight tertile had higher risk of chronic respiratory illness compared to those who had remained in the middle tertile (OR=16.35, 95% CI=1.66-160.57). CONCLUSIONS: Children with lower birth weight or higher BMI were at an increased risk of chronic respiratory illness. In addition, children who were initially in the lowest birth weight tertile but are now in the highest weight tertile had higher risk of chronic respiratory illness compared to those who remained in the middle tertile. -
Summary
Citations
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Xun Chen, Minjing Yang, Jun Xie, Shengzhu Huang, Xiaolian Qin, Zhijian Pan, Maoling Zhu, Dingyuan Zeng, Yifeng Huang, Tao Liang, Chunmei Liang, Guangmin Nong
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - A Study of the Association between Overweight/Obesity and Wheezing in Children
璇 刘
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts- The Distribution of Intraocular Pressure and Its Association With Metabolic Syndrome in a Community.
- Sang shin Park, Eun Hee Lee, Ganchimeg Jargal, Domyung Paek, Sung Il Cho
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(2):125-130.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.125
- 7,540 View
- 126 Download
- 37 Crossref
-
Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The current study was performed to assess the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) in a community. METHODS: We measured IOP and MS components from 446 adults, age 20 or more years old, who reside in a community in Kyunggi Province, South Korea. We compared the level of IOP according to the number of metabolic abnormalities and between normal and abnormal metabolic components. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between IOP and metabolic components. RESULTS: No significant difference in IOP (mean +/- SE) was found between men (12.24 +/- 2.42) and women (12.55 +/- 2.41 mmHg, p > 0.1), while IOP of men tended to decrease as age increased (p for trend < 0.01). After adjusting for age, IOP of subjects with abdominal obesity in men and high blood pressure in women were significantly higher than those without abdominal obesity or high blood pressure (p < 0.05). Female subjects with MS showed significantly higher IOP than those without MS. Participants with more metabolic disturbances tended to have a greater IOP elevation with a linear trend after adjusting for age and sex. In the univariate regression analysis, age and waist circumference were significantly associated with IOP in men, but systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with IOP in women. In final multiple regression model, age, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride were associated with IOP in women, and age in men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MS and its components may be important determinants of elevated IOP. -
Summary
Citations
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Chia-Pin Lin, Yu-Sheng Lin, Shiu-Chen Wu, Yu-Shien Ko
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- Relationship Between Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides and Metabolic Syndrome Among Non-Diabetic Adults.
- Sun Kyun Park, Hyo Kyung Son, Sung Kook Lee, Jung Ho Kang, Yoon Seok Chang, David R Jacobs, Duk Hee Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(1):1-8.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.1.1
- 7,721 View
- 144 Download
- 43 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate if organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among non-diabetes. METHODS: Among subjects who participated in a community-based health survey, 50 non-diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome and 50 normal controls were selected. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Eight OCPs were selected. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders except for body mass index (BMI), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) and heptachlor epoxide were positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Odds ratios across tertiles of beta-HCH and heptachlor epoxide were 1.0, 3.2 and 4.4, and 1.0, 4.0 and 6.0, respectively (p for trend = 0.01 and <0.01). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), heptachlor epoxide still showed an increasing trend with adjusted odds ratios of 1.0, 4.1, and 4.6 (p for trend = 0.10). When the five components of metabolic syndrome (with the definition of high fasting glucose (> or =100 mg/dL)) were separately analyzed, all components were positively, but not significantly, associated with heptachlor epoxide. As the serum concentration of heptachlor epoxide increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly in subjects with metabolic syndrome even after adjusting for BMI (p value <0.05 and <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small sample size, this study suggests that the background exposure to some OCPs may be associated with metabolic syndrome. -
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English Abstracts- The Association of Central Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes among Koreans according to the Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Level: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.
- Ji Yeon Shin, Jun Hyun Hwang, Jin Young Jeong, Sung Hi Kim, Jai Dong Moon, Sang Chul Roh, Young Wook Kim, Yangho Kim, Jong Han Leem, Young Su Ju, Young Seoub Hong, Eun Hee Ha, Yong Hwan Lee, Duk Hee Lee, Dong Hyun Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(6):386-391.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.6.386
- 6,964 View
- 68 Download
- 3 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
This cross-sectional study was performed to examine if the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level that is within its normal range is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and if the association between the waist hip ratio (WHR) and type 2 diabetes is different depending on the serum GGT levels. METHODS: The study subjects were 23,436 persons aged 40 years or older and who participated in regular health check-ups at 11 hospitals (males: 5,821, females: 17,615). The gender-specific quintiles of the serum GGT and WHR were used to examine the associations with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: The serum GGT levels within their normal range were positively associated with type 2 diabetes only in women. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.0, 1.0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 according to the quintiles of the serum GGT (p(trend)<0.01). The WHR was more strongly associated with the prevalence of diabetes among the women with a high-normal serum GGT level as compared with those with a low-normal serum GGT level (p for interaction=0.02). For example, the adjusted ORs for women with a low normal serum GGT level were 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.2, and 2.4 according to the quintiles of the WHR, while those figures were 1.0, 2.4, 3.6, 5.0, and 8.3 among the women with a high normal serum GGT level. However, in men, the serum GGT was very weakly associated with type 2 diabetes and the association between the WHR and type 2 diabetes was not different depending on the serum GGT level. CONCLUSIONS: Serum GGT within its normal range was positively associated with type 2 diabetes, and central obesity was more strongly associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes when the serum GGT level was high-normal. However, these associations were observed only in women, which is different from the previous findings. The stronger relation between central obesity and type 2 diabetes among women with a high-normal serum GGT level can be useful for selecting a group that is at high risk for type 2 diabetes irregardless of whatever the underlying mechanism is. -
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general Korean population: a Mendelian randomization study
Youn Sue Lee, Yoonsu Cho, Stephen Burgess, George Davey Smith, Caroline L. Relton, So-Youn Shin, Min-Jeong Shin
Human Molecular Genetics.2016; 25(17): 3877. CrossRef - Different associations between obesity and impaired fasting glucose depending on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels within normal range: a cross-sectional study
Nam Soo Hong, Jeong-Gook Kim, Yu-Mi Lee, Hyun-Woo Kim, Sin Kam, Keon-Yeop Kim, Ki-Su Kim, Duk-Hee Lee
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2014;[Epub] CrossRef - Endobiogeny: A Global Approach to Systems Biology (Part 1 of 2)
Jean-Claude, Lapraz, Kamyar M. Hedayat
Global Advances in Health and Medicine.2013; 2(1): 64. CrossRef
- The Association between Obesity Indices in Adolescence and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Young Adults: Kangwha Study.
- Yoo Jung Lee, Chung Mo Nam, Hyeon Chang Kim, Nam Wook Hur, Il Suh
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(2):107-114.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.2.107
- 6,464 View
- 44 Download
- 9 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between obesity indices (body mass index, weight, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference) in adolescents and the carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) in early adulthood. We also wanted to identify the best predictor for C-IMT among these obesity indices. METHODS: This study used community-based prospective cohort study, known as the Kangwha Study, and the data we used were from subjects who were 16-years old in 1996 (defined as "adolescencec") and 25 years-old in 2005 (defined as "early adulthoodc"). The 256 subjects (113 men and 143 women) who were used for analysis participated in both follow-ups, and they underwent B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries at the early adulthood follow-up. Obesity indices were defined as the body mass index, weight, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference. The C-IMT was defined as the mean of the maximal IMT of each common carotid artery. The C-IMT and obesity indices associations were evaluated via multivariable regression, logistic regression and the receiver-operator characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS: In men, all the obesity indices in adolescence were showed to have statistically significant positive association with C-IMT in early adulthood. However, no such relationship was showed in women. On multiple regression and logistic regression analysis, the waist-hip ratio showed the biggest relationship with the C-IMT among the 4 obesity indices. However, there were no statistical significant differences and no best predictor was found. For the women, the obesity incidences and C-IMT showed no relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that obesity in adolescence was related to an increase C-IMT in healthy young Korean men. -
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Citations
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Pentti Nieminen
BioMedInformatics.2022; 2(3): 434. CrossRef - Comparison analysis of childhood body mass index cut-offs in predicting adulthood carotid intima media thickness: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Farhad Hosseinpanah, Amirhosein Seyedhoseinpour, Maryam Barzin, Maryam Mahdavi, Erfan Tasdighi, Pooneh Dehghan, Amin Momeni Moghaddam, Fereidoun Azizi, Majid Valizadeh
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Sun Jae Jung, Hyeon Chang Kim, Il Suh
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Zehra Esra Önal, Levent Soydan, Hatice Eren Öztürk, Çiğdem Sağ, Tamay Gürbüz, Çağatay Nuhoğlu, Mehmet Masum Şimşek
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Nam Wook Hur, Hyeon Chang Kim
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Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
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Hyun Wook Chae, Il Suh, Ah Reum Kwon, Ye Jin Kim, Yong Hyuk Kim, Dae Ryong Kang, Ha Yan Kim, Sun Min Oh, Hyeon Chang Kim, Duk Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim
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Jung Eun Oh, Jiyoung Jung, Hae Soon Kim, Young Mi Hong, Jung Hyun Yoo, Young Whan Song, Jo Won Jung, Nam Su Kim, Chung Il Noh
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Sun Min Lim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Hoon Sang Lee, Joo Young Lee, Mina Suh, Song Vogue Ahn
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- Associations of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver with the Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Carotenoids.
- Sun kyun Park, Hyun Jung Lee, Duk Hee Lee, Sung Kook Lee, Byung Yeol Chun, Sung Ae Kim, Hye Sung Lee, Hyo Kyung Son, Sung Hi Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(1):39-44.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.1.39
- 7,280 View
- 75 Download
- 11 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the associations of non alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome and the serum carotenoids. METHODS: This study was conducted in a general hospital in South Korea from November, 2004 to August, 2005. The study subjects were 350 sampled persons who were aged from 40 years and older (males: 180, females: 170). They were grouped into the normal, mild and severe groups according to fat accumulation in their livers, as determined by ultrasonography. We analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome by multiple logistic regression analysis and we analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and the serum carotenoids by a general linear model(ANCOVA). RESULTS: After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was associated with fat accumulation in the liver (p trend <0.001). If the odds ratio of normal group is 1.00, then that of the mild group is 2.80 (95% C.I=1.17-6.71) and that of the severe group is 7.29 (95% C.I=2.76-19.30). The prevalence of metabolic alterations fitting the criteria of metabolic syndrome, according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver, was significantly increased, except for criteria of high blood pressure, a large waist circumference and low HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol level (p trend <0.001). The level of serum beta-carotene was decreased according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver (p trend=0.036), but the levels of serum alpha-carotene, lycopene, bata-cryptoxanthin and lutein were not decreased. CONCLSIONS: This study shows that non alcoholic fatty liver was associated with metabolic syndrome and with the serum beta-carotene level. -
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Citations
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Qian‐Qian Wang, Jing Zhu, Lin‐Jun Miao, Si‐Ang Lv, Guo‐Yin Shen, Jun Wu
Hepatology Research.2025; 55(8): 1111. CrossRef - Estimation of Attributable Risk and Direct Medical and Non-Medical Costs of Major Mental Disorders Associated With Air Pollution Exposures Among Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Korea, 2011–2019
Yae Won Ha, Tae Hyun Kim, Dae Ryong Kang, Ki-Soo Park, Dong Chun Shin, Jaelim Cho, Changsoo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Therapeutic potential of bioactive phytoconstituents found in fruits in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review
Manash Pratim Pathak, Kalyani Pathak, Riya Saikia, Urvashee Gogoi, Pompy Patowary, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay, Aparoop Das
Heliyon.2023; 9(4): e15347. CrossRef - The Protection Conferred by HSD17B13 rs72613567 Polymorphism on Risk of Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis May Be Limited to Selected Subgroups of Patients With NAFLD
Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Carlos J. Pirola, Silvia Sookoian, Laura A. Wilson, Tiebing Liang, Naga Chalasani
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Krista Christensen, Thomas Lawler, Julie Mares
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Qing Pang
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Gabriela Villaça Chaves, Sílvia Elaine Pereira, Carlos José Saboya, Daiane Spitz, Camila Santos Rodrigues, Andréa Ramalho
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Se Jin Park, Ki Dong Ko, Seung-Il Shin, Yu Jeong Ha, Gy Young Kim, Hyoung Ah Kim
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E.-J. Kim, S.-J. Yoon, M.-W. Jo, H.-J. Kim
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Jae-Hee Yu, Kang-Sook Lee, Seon-Young Lee, A-Rum Hong, Yong-Sang Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(6): 407. CrossRef
- The Association between Sleep and Obesity in Korean Adults.
- Young Jun Park, Won Chul Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Young Moon Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(6):454-460.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.6.454
- 8,637 View
- 101 Download
- 12 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
Obesity is currently an epidemic in Korea, and sleep duration is thought to be one of the risk factors for obesity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that short sleep duration is associated with obesity in Korean adults. METHODS: The data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used, and 6,174 subjects aged 18~80 years were included in the analysis. Sleep duration was measured using information obtained from self-reported questionnaires. Obesity, the main outcome variable, was measured according to body mass index. Multiple regression modeling was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The study results revealed a negative association between sleep duration and body mass index among Korean adults. These associations persisted after controlling for the potential confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that sleep duration is associated with obesity in Korean adults. In addition, these observations support earlier experimental sleep studies and provide a basis for future studies on weight control intervention by increasing the amount of sleep. -
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Citations
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Su-Jin Park, Kyung-Ok Shin
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(2): 108. CrossRef - Analysis of Lifelong for Health of Middle-Aged Men by Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Jiyong Kim, Jisoo Lee, Minseo Park
Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers.2021; 47(6): 504. CrossRef - Mental health according to sleep duration in stroke survivors: A population‐based nationwide cross‐sectional study
Hye‐Mi Moon, Yoonjung Kim
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Yong-Moon Mark Park, Alexandra J. White, Chandra L. Jackson, Clarice R. Weinberg, Dale P. Sandler
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Tarek Elmajie
Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice.2018; 18(2): 187. CrossRef - The Effect of Sleep Duration on the Risk of Unintentional Injury in Korean Adults
Yeon-Yong Kim, Un-Na Kim, Jin-Seok Lee, Jong-Heon Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health.2014; 47(3): 150. CrossRef - The Traditional Korean Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998–2009
Kyung Won Lee, Mi Sook Cho
Journal of Medicinal Food.2014; 17(1): 43. CrossRef - Factors Associated with Sleep Duration in Korean Adults: Results of a 2008 Community Health Survey in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Korea
So Yeon Ryu, Ki Soon Kim, Mi Ah Han
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(9): 1124. CrossRef - Short sleep duration as a possible cause of obesity: critical analysis of the epidemiological evidence
L. S. Nielsen, K. V. Danielsen, T. I. A. Sørensen
Obesity Reviews.2011; 12(2): 78. CrossRef - Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid on serum and brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in diet-induced obese rats
Hyesung Lee, Moon-Jeong Chang, Sun-Hee Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2010; 4(1): 23. CrossRef - South Korean Study in a Public Health -Preventive Medicine and Sports Environment-
Dan Silviu Radut, You Jin Kim, Byung Nam Min, Ki Jeoung Cho, Jong Young Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(4): 209. CrossRef - Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Yoon-Kyung Shin, Seung-Chul Hong
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(3): 244. CrossRef
- The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Korean Cardiocerebrovascular Risk Assessment: for Male Researchers in a Workplace.
- Jongwan Yoon, Kyungjin Yi, Janggyun Oh, Sangyun Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(5):397-403.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.5.397
- 6,699 View
- 39 Download
- 7 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has recently increased. Payments from the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation for compensation for mortality in workers caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have also increased in Korea in recent years. The association of metabolic syndrome and cardiocere brovascular disease has been investigated by several researchers in recent studies. This study was conducted in an attempt to characterize the relationship between metabolic syndrome and Korean cardiocerebrovascular disease risk assessment, and to provide basic data to group health practices for the prevention of cardiocere brovascular disease. METHODS: Health examinations were previously conducted for 1526 male researchers at a private laboratory. The prevalence by age and the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome scores into the "cardiocerebrovascular risk group" (sum of low, intermediate, and high risk groups) of the Korean cardiocerebrovascular disease risk assessment were assessed, in an effort to elucidate the associations between metabolic syndrome and cardiocere brovascular disease risk assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and inclusion in the cardiocerebrovascular risk group was 11.7% and 22.1% respectively. The severity of metabolic syndrome and cardiocerebrovascular risk assessment showed that individuals in their 40's and 50's were at higher risk than those in their 30's (p<0.001). The age-adjusted odds ratio of metabolic syndrome to cardiocere brovascular risk group inclusion was 5.6. CONCLUSIONS: An active prevention program for cardiocerebrovascular disease needs to begin in the 40's, as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the risk group of cardiocerebrovascular risk assessment peak in the 40's age group. The odds ratio between metabolic syndrome and the cardiocerebrovascular risk group was high, which indicates that metabolic syndrome scores should be utilized as guidelines during the consultation and behavioral modification program for the workplace prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases in group health practices. -
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Citations to this article as recorded by- Effect of psychosocial factors on metabolic syndrome in male and female blue‐collar workers
Won Ju HWANG, Chung Yul LEE
Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2014; 11(1): 23. CrossRef - Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Predicting Factors among Small-sized Company Workers
Soo Kyoung Choi, Jeong A Jo, Seon Young Hwang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 244. CrossRef - Relation of Health Promotion Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Daytime Workers
Dae-Sik Ko, Bu-Yeon Park, Gyeong-Hyu Seok
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(12): 1941. CrossRef - Actual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Related Factors: A Cross-sectional Study of Korean Blue Collar Workers Employed by Small Businesses
Jong Uk Won, Oi Saeng Hong, Won Ju Hwang
Workplace Health & Safety.2013; 61(4): 163. CrossRef - Actual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Related Factors
Jong Uk Won, Oi Saeng Hong, Won Ju Hwang
Workplace Health & Safety.2013; 61(4): 163. CrossRef - Relationship between coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, energy expenditure, body composition, kidney function and low-grade inflammation among bank African employees in Brazzaville
T. Gombet, B. Longo-Mbenza, B. Ellenga-Mbolla, M.S. Ikama, G. Kimbally-Kaky, J.L. Nkoua
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2010; 4(4): 197. CrossRef - Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome among Male Workers in an Electronics Research and Development Company
Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung-Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(5): 331. CrossRef
- Body Mass Index and Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Korean Adults: Case-control Study.
- Seon Ha Kim, Yong Seok Lee, Seung Mi Lee, Byung Woo Yoon, Byung Joo Park
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(4):313-320.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.4.313
- 5,703 View
- 62 Download
- 5 Crossref
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To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 2,712 persons (904 cases, 904 hospital controls, and 904 community controls) participating in an Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis study from October 2002 to March 2004. Two controls for each case were matched according to age and gender. The information was obtained by trained interviewers using standardized questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between BMI and the frequency of having a hemorrhagic stroke. RESULTS: Obese men (25.0 < or = BMI < 30.0 kg/m2) had an odds ratios (OR) of 1.39 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.87) a hemorrhagic stroke, compared to men with a normal BMI (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2). Conversely, women with lower BMI had a higher risk of having hemorrhagic stroke. With respect to subtypes of hemorrahagic stroke, we observed about a three-fold increase in the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the highly obese group. However, these trends were not significant in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was identified as one of the risk factors in hemorrhagic stroke, in particular ICH. Conversely, in women, a lean body weight increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Consequently, managing one\s weight is essential to reduce the risks of hemorrhagic stroke. -
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Citations to this article as recorded by- Anthropometric Measurements in Predicting Haemorrhagic Stroke Among Bangladeshi Population: The MAGPIE Study
Redoy Ranjan, Dipannita Adhikary, Gie Ken-Dror, Md Abdullah Yusuf, Adneen Moureen, Maliha Hakim, Pankaj Sharma
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 5941. CrossRef - Is nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage different between young and elderly patients?
Na Rae Yang, Ji Hee Kim, Jun Hyong Ahn, Jae Keun Oh, In Bok Chang, Joon Ho Song
Neurosurgical Review.2020; 43(2): 781. CrossRef - Follow-up study on mortality in Korean stroke patients
Jee Hye Im, Kun Sei Lee, Keon Yeop Kim, Nam Soo Hong, Sang Won Lee, Hee Joon Bae
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(11): 1199. CrossRef - Potential bias caused by control selection in secondary data analysis: Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and hemorrhagic stroke
Nam‐Kyong Choi, Seokyung Hahn, Byung‐Woo Yoon, Byung‐Joo Park
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.2010; 19(6): 604. CrossRef - Socioeconomic Costs of Stroke in Korea: Estimated from the Korea National Health Insurance Claims Database
Seung-ji Lim, Han-joong Kim, Chung-mo Nam, Hoo-sun Chang, Young-Hwa Jang, Sera Kim, Hye-Young Kang
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(4): 251. CrossRef
- Relationship between the Source of Energy Intake and Obesity in Korean Women Using the Average of Four 3-day Dietary Records.
- Myung Hee Shin, Mi Ock Yoon, Seok Jin Nam, Yun Mi Song
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(1):45-50.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.1.45
- 5,738 View
- 43 Download
- 2 Crossref
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contributions of macronutrients to the total energy intakes and Body Mass Indices (BMI, kg/m2) of Korean women. METHODS: We used dietary records data from 115 healthy Korean women, ages 20 and over, who completed four 3-day dietary records between February 2003 and March 2004. For the calculation of nutrients we used a dietary assessment program developed by the Korean Nutritional Society. Macronutrient intakes were estimated by averaging individual total daily intakes in four 3-day dietary records. Subjects were categorized into three Body Mass Index (BMI) groups: underweight (BMI<20), normal (20< or =BMI<25), and overweight (BMI> or =25) group. RESULTS: The total energy intakes were not different among the three BMI groups. Similarly, other macronutrient intakes such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vegetable protein, animal protein, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not different. From the multivariate nutrient density model, substituting polyunsaturated fatty acid for carbohydrate was positively associated with BMI in women aged 20 to 49 (beta=2.31, p<0.01). In women aged 50 and over, substituting animal protein for carbohydrate was positively associated with BMI (beta=0.549, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: No single macronutrient was associated with BMI when all subjects were combined. However, when stratified by age, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in younger women, and animal protein intake in older women, were positively associated with BMI. In the future, we recommend a larger study to confirm these results. -
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Citations to this article as recorded by- Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio affects food intake and body weight in Wistar rats
Ren-Ying Xu, Yan-Ping Wan, Qing-Ya Tang, Jiang Wu, Wei Cai
Experimental Biology and Medicine.2010; 235(7): 833. CrossRef - The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women
Hee Seung Lee, Ji Won Lee, Namsoo Chang, Ji-Myung Kim
The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2009; 42(8): 759. CrossRef
Original Articles- The Association between Bone Density at Os Calcis and Body Composition in Healthy Children Aged 9-12 Years.
- Eun Kyung Shin, Ki Suk Kim, Hee Young Kim, In Sook Lee, Hyo Jee Joung, Sung Il Cho
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(1):72-79.
- 3,014 View
- 34 Download
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This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the relationship between the bone mineral density at the os calcis and the body mass composition in healthy children. METHODS: The areal bone mineral density was measured at the os calcis with peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The fat free mass, fat mass and percentage fat mass were measured using bioelectric impedance, in 237 Korean children, aged 9 to 12 years. The sexual maturity was determined by self assessment, using standardized series of the 5 Tanner stage drawings, accompanied by explanatory text. RESULTS: From multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, sexual maturity and height, the fat free mass was found to be the best predictor of the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. About 15 and 20% variabilities were found in the calcaneal bone mineral densities of the boys and girls, respectively, which can be explained by the fat free mass. After weight adjustment, the percentage fat mass was negatively associated with the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the fat free mass, among the body compositions, is the major determinant of bone mineral density at the os calcis in Korean children aged 9 to 12 years. Obesity, defined as the percentage fat mass, is assumed to have a negative effect on the calcaneal bone density in children of the same weight. -
Summary
- Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Waist Circumference Estimation in Some Korean Adults.
- Young Seoub Hong, Byoung Gwon Kim, Baek Geun Jeong, Yong Woo Park, Jong Tae Park, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(1):51-58.
- 3,117 View
- 36 Download
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The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as defined by the ATP III report, in some Korean adults and use the Asian-Pacific proposed waist circumference to investigate waist circumference in some Korean adults using ROC curves. METHODS: Study subjects were seventy-five thousands and ninety one persons (47, 979 men and 27, 111 women) who were selected among the patients who visited hospital for health evaluation from January 2000 to December 2001. All subjects were measured by height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure and blood chemistry (lipid profile). RESULTS: The mean age was 41.6+/-8.5 years in men, 41.1+/-10.4 years in women (p< 0.05). Body mass index was in the normal range in 35.3% of men, and 55.9% of women. In both men and women, blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglyceride were positively correlated with BMI. waist circumference, and Broca's index (p< 0.01). However HDL. choloesterol was correlated negatively (p< 0.01). Using ROC curve, the calculated waist circumferences were 84 cm in men (sensitivity 61.4% and specificity 64.1%) and 74 cm in women (sensitivity 65.0% and specificity 73.2%). The age adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP ATP III were different for men (6.4%) and women (14.6%). The prevalence increased from 1.2% among participants aged 20 through 29years to 15.0% among participants aged over 60years in men (p< 0.05) and from 1.6% to 27.4% respectively, in women. The age adjusted prevalences, as defined by using the waist circumference that was recommended by WHO's regional office for the western Pacific, were 10.6% in men and 18.5% in women. The age adjusted prevalences, as defined by using the waist circumference that was calculated by the ROC curves, were 17.1% in men and 22.4% in women. And All prevalences were increased following increased BMI and Broca's index. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in some Korean adults was lower than that in western adults. Nevertheless because waist circumference was differed among race and region, application of the same criteria was not proper. Morcover, a higher awareness was required in women, because the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was rapidly increased with increment of age. -
Summary
- Serum Total Cholesterol Levels and Related Factors in a Rural Adult Population.
- Soon Ki Ahn, Byung Yeol Chun, Sin Kam, Dae Gu Jin, Jong Yeon Kim
- Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):255-262.
- 2,824 View
- 27 Download
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To investigate the total cholesterol levels and related factors in a rural adult population. METHODS: 3,207 adults( 1,272 men and 1,935 women) were examined in 1997. Their heights, weights, and fasting serum total cholesterol levels were measured, and their body mass indices were calculated. A questionnaire interviewing method was used to collect risk factor data. RESULTS: The mean value of total cholesterol were 190.5 mg/dl, and 198.8 mg/dl, and the age-adjusted prevalence rates for hypercholesterolemia (above 240 mg/dl) were 13.7% and 10.2%, in men and women, respectively. From simple analyses, age, educational level, coffee intake, amount of meat and food intake, waist circumference, waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR), and body mass index(BMI) were significant risk factors in men (p<0.05) relating to serum total cholesterol levels. In women, age, educational level, hypertension history, diabetes history, herbal drug history, amount of food intake, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, WHR, BMI, and menopausal status were significant risk factors (p<0.05). In multiple linear regression analyses, waist circumference (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and coffee intake (p<0.05) proved to be significant risk factors in men. Whereas, menopausal status (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), herbal drug history (p<0.01), amount of food intake (p<0.05), waist circumference (p<0.05), and alcohol consumption (p<0.05) were significant risk factors in women. Conclusions : The significant risk factors, for both men and women, relating to the serum total cholesterol were waist circumference and BMI. Thus, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that health education for the control of obesity should be implemented. -
Summary
- A Case-Control Study on the Relationship between Obesity and Female Colorectal Cancer.
- Aesun Shin, Hachung Yoon, Keun Young Yoo
- Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(2):147-152.
- 3,005 View
- 72 Download
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A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of obesity in the development of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty four histologically confirmed female colorectal cancer cases and 26,998 non-cancer controls were selected from patients invited to the Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan between 1989 and 1995. Information concerning demographic factors, medical history, family medical history, reproductive factors and dietary factors were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and medical records. The effects of weight and body mass index to colorectal cancer were examined using multiple logistic regression to control for other risk factors. RESULTS: There was no significant association between female colorectal cancer and obesity. Heavier weight adjusted for height or body mass index did not increase the risk of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is no associa-tion between colorectal cancer risk and obesity in women. -
Summary
- Socioeconomic Costs of Obesity for Korean Adults.
- Baek Geun Jeong, Ok Ryun Moon, Nam Soon Kim, Jae Heon Kang, Tae Ho Yoon, Sang Yi Lee, Sin Jae Lee
- Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(1):1-12.
- 3,330 View
- 53 Download
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To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea, 1998. METHODS: The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF (Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. RESULTS: The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion~965 billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion~1,086 billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4,225 billion~2,050 billion Won, which corresponded to about 0.094% ~0.046% of GDP and 1.88%~0.91 of total health care costs in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. Further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly. -
Summary
- Increasing Prevalence of Obesity Related Disease for Koreans Associated with Overweight and Obesity.
- Nam Soon Kim, Ok Ryun Moon, Jae Heon Kang, Sang Yi Lee, Baek Geun Jeong, Sin Jae Lee, Tae Ho Yoon, Kyung Hwa Hwang
- Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(4):309-315.
- 3,389 View
- 75 Download
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To develop a better understanding of the relationship between weight status and the prevalence of obesity related diseases in the Korean population. METHODS: The 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used and 10,880 persons who had previously taken health examinations were selected for study. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity's classification of weight status was used. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, chronic heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. A logistic regression model was developed to estimate the prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted for demographic and socio-economic factors and we converted the odds ratio to a prevalence ratio using the base line prevalence of disease to aid in the interpretation of the ratios. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 26.3% based on the KSSO classification (BMI> or =25). A graded increase in the prevalence ratio was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all health outcomes with the exception of chronic heart disease in men and stroke in both men and women. With normal weight individuals as the reference, for men who were younger than 50 years, the prevalence ratios were highest for hypertension BMI<23-25: 1.70(95% CI=1.41-2.05), 25 -
Summary
- Lipid Profiles and Related Factors in Adolescent.
- Moran Ki, Boyoul Choi, Mi Kyung Kim, Ki Rang Kim, Jin Nu Fang, Yun Ju Kang
- Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(1):83-90.
- 2,725 View
- 21 Download
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To assess the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia and the level of related factors in adolescents groups in Seoul and Yangpyong area. METHODS: Design; School based survey during May-Jun 1996 in Seoul and Yangpyong county. Subject; 2,453 boys and girls, aged 13 to 19 years; 1,137 Seoul and 1,316 Yangpyong county. Main Outcome Measures; Prevalence rates of raised serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, decreased HDL-cholesterol, obesity, and levels of energy intake and expenditure RESULTS: Energy intake and fat intake of boys were higher than those of girls and they were higher in Seoul. Energy expenditure per day of boys was bigger than that of girls too. Prevalence rate of obesity was higher in boys of Seoul(15.2%) and girls in Yangpyong county(14.0%). Serum lipid profiles(total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol) were higher among girls and all prevalence rates of dyslipidemia were higher in boys in Seoul and in girls in Yangpyong county. Especially, girls(29.1%) in Yangpyong had raised serum cholesterol level(> or =170 mg/dl). In contrast, boys in Seoul had higher level of decreased HDL-cholesterol(46.8%) compared to Yangpyong(23.6%). The relationships between serum lipid profiles and relative weights and sex are highly significant. And the relationship between triglycerides and energy intake is significant(p=0.038). But, the associations between serum lipid profiles and energy expenditure had borderline significances. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercholesterolemia rates in girls were higher. Obesity prevalence rate was highest in boys of Seoul. Relative weight and sex are significantly related to lipid profiles. Therefore, Korea is in need of preventive strategies for different obesity and gender groups. -
Summary
- Effects of Change in Obestiy and Life Style Factors on Blood Pressure and Serum Cholesterol - 3-year Follow-up among Workers in a Steel Manufacturing Industry -.
- Myung Hwa Ha, Duk Hee Lee, Song Kwon Lee
- Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(3):415-420.
- 2,452 View
- 19 Download
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We investigated the effects of changes in obesity and life style factors, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise, on the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol among Korean men. METHODS: This study included 7,205 healthy male employees in the steel manufacturing industry. Each subject underwent health examination in 1994 and was re-examined in 1997. The study subjects were classified into four categories, according to changes in body mass index (BMI) (loss; stable; mild gain; severe gain), cigarette smoking (quitter; non-smoker; smoker continued; smoker started), alcohol drinking (quitter; non-drinker; drinker continued; drinker started) and exercise (more exercise; continuous regular exercise; continuous irregular or no exercise; less exercise), respectively. We evaluated the relationship between the categories of change in those independent variables and the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol, adjusted for BMI in 1994 and age by analysis of variance. RESULTS: The change in systolic blood pressure was positively associated with the changes in BMI (p<0.001) and drinking (p=0.001), but negatively with smoking (p=0.004), compared to the first category of each independent variables. The systolic blood pressure was significantly less increased in the continuous smoking group than quitter or non-smoker. The changes in diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol appeared to have statistically significant linear relationships only with the change in BMI. The change in exercise showed a marginal significance with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.088). CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data emphasize the importance of obesity as a determinant of the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol. In addition, the changes in smoking and drinking habits can affect systolic blood pressure. -
Summary
- Relationship between Adolescent Obesity and Socioeconomic Status of Parents: In Seoul, Yangpyong, and Yanbian Area.
- Moran Ki, Bo Youl Choi, Mi Kyoung Kim, Jin Nu Fang, Chun Ying Xu, Dong Hyon Ahn, Yun Ju Kang
- Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(1):9-16.
- 2,822 View
- 33 Download
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Few studies have attempted to explain the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity in Korea. Especially the studies on same race with different SES at same time are good for SES influence estimation. The present study highlights the influence of SES of parents on adolescent obesity. The subjects are the same race, but live in different areas, with different SES, Seoul and Yangpung in Korea, and Yanbian in China. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mar-Jun 1996. We carried out anthropometry, 24 hour-recall diet survey, self-reported questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity. For SES indicators, we used income and education of parents. RESULTS: The relationship between SES of parents, defined as educational status, and obesity in boys in Korea and China is direct, but not significant. The relationship is inverse and non-significant among Korean girls. However, for the Korean girls in severe obesity, the relationship is significant. For the Korean-Chinese girls, there is an inverse relationship between the education level and obesity but a direct relationship between the income level of parents and obesity. For the Korean adolescent, there are a direct association between the SES of parents and the nutrients factors such as energy, protein, and fat intake. The energy expenditure of adolescent has no relationship with SES of parents. CONCLUSION: Among boys, the higher the SES, the greater the risk of obese. Among girls in Korea and Korean-Chinese, on the other hand, the lower the educational status of parents, the greater the risk of obese. -
Summary
- Factors influencing weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents.
- Yunju Kang, Myongsei Sohn, Kinam Jin, HanJoong Kim, Heechoul Ohr, Sungjae Shin
- Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(2):199-214.
- 3,196 View
- 67 Download
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- This study was undertaken to explain weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents as measured by the elements of the health belief model. A total of 732 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area and their mothers were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The analyzed results are as follows; l. Among obese students, 45.3% of male students and 57.2% of female students, a significantly higher portion than male students, reported that they had tried to lose weight within the recent year. Exercise was the most frequently used method to lose weight followed by diet control, drug use, and specialized clinic visits, in descending order. 2. Male students were more likely to try to lose weight if they perceived a low threat level and their mother had a job, and female students were more likely to try to lose weight if they were younger in age, perceived a low threat level and had strong external motivating factors. 3. Female students showed a significantly higher level of intention to obesity control than male students, and the intention level of their mothers also showed the same trend. 4. In male students, the degree of weight dissatisfaction, weight control experience, the level of obesity related beliefs of students, the educational level of the mother and economic status of the family were significant predictors of intention to obesity control, and in females, age, the level of obesity related beliefs of students and intention of their mothers were significant. In the mothers of male students, obesity index of students, age of the mother and the level of obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant predictors of intention of the mother, and in the mothers of female students, obesity index of students, occupational status of the mother and obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant. 5. According to the path model of intention to obesity control, the degree of weight dissatisfaction had the most powerful effect in male students, and perceived net benefit level was the most important variable in female students. Since the weight control behavior and intention of obese students were more predictable by the degree of weight dissatisfaction than the obesity index, we can conclude that only the students dissatisfied with their weight are well motivated for obesity control. There can be a discrepancy between the mother and her child's beliefs and intention status(especially in male students), so the therapists should also assess the student's opinion as well as the mother's. In female students, the perceived net benefit level was the most important predictor of intention to obesity control, therefore the intervention program should pay particular attention to the positive benefits of weight control rather than negative aspects(threats) of obesity.
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Summary
- Association of Hypertension with Cluster of Obesity, Abnormal glucose and Dyslipidemia in Korean Urban Population.
- Kang Sook Lee, Jung A Kim, Jung Il Park
- Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(1):59-71.
- 3,338 View
- 26 Download
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- To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, t-test and x2 test were performed and for the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakage programme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and high density lipoprotein of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2), abnormal glucose (> or = 120 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia (> or =240 mg/dl), lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol (> or =160mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (> or =250 mg/dl) in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. And BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confedence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87); among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94); and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.
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Summary
- A Study on obesity pattern and related factors of the doctors.
- Young Sil Kim, Hye Sook Park, Bong Su Cho, Yeong Wook Kim, Kwang Wook Koh, Soo Yong Kang, Ae Ri Cha, Cheol Ho Yi, In Kyung Hwang, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee, Don Kyoun Kim
- Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):708-718.
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Abstract
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- The author surveyed overall obesity indicies and factors concerned with obesity such as dietary intake, physical activity, stress and life style with the subject of doctors. The number of subjects was total 508 with 396 men and 112 women. They were subgrouped into surgical part, medical part and service and basic part by speciality. And also subgrouped into intern and resident, pay doctor, and practitioner by working type. The results were as follows. 1) Obesity indices: BMI of total doctor was 23.1+/-2.8, and WHR was 0.87+/-0.08 and overweight prevalence(BMI>25.0) was 23.6 %. It was within normal limit but slightly over the Korean standard. The degree of obesity indices of subgroups by speciality was "surgical part > medical part > service and basic part", and by working type was "practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident". 2) Dietary intake and Physical activity: Average dietary intake was 2148+/-451 kcal/day. The degree of dietary intake by speciality was "surgical part > medical part > service and basic part". By working type it was "practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident". Average physical activity was 29+/-5 METs/day. The degree of physical activity also showed similar pattern. But there was no significant difference among each groups. 3) Comparison between over-weight and non-over-weight group: The items that showed significant difference between two groups were dietary intake, skip breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, heavy drinking, chronic disease etc.
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Summary
- Correlation between Obesity Indices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Usefullness of Abdominal Obesity Indices.
- Hunyoung Ha, Bo Youl Choi, Hung Bae Park
- Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(2):327-341.
- 2,936 View
- 35 Download
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Abstract
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- It is a well known fact that obesity is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, emphasized by many studies. Recently, cardiovascular diseaase has been found to correlate not only to the extent of obesity, but also the fat distribution of the individual; especially, focusing on obesity of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the proposed indices for abdominal obesity are numerous, and the results vary according to the index chosen. Three-hundred and twelve bus drivers in November, 1995, were chosen as subjects of this study. The author chose to measure serum lipid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure, that are thought to be important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity indices were calculated using anthropometric measurements. We were able to evaluate the significance of obesity indices by examining correlations between these indices and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The abdominal obesity indices and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the levels of total cholesterol in the serum, fasting blood sugar levels, and diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly according to age. 2. There was a significant difference in the abdominal obesity indices according to drinking and smoking habits controlled for age. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, triglyceride and diastolic pressures had significant differences according to the presence or absence of a drinking history controlled for age. 3. Although all obesity indices showed significant correlations, the weakest correlation was between BMI and abdominal diameter index and the strongest correlation was between sagittal diameter and sagittal diameter matched for height. 4. There was a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and obesity indices. The weakest correlation was between fasting blood sugar levels and both SD and SDH showed correlations with the risk factors. 5. There was a significant correlation between SD and total cholesterol in the serum and fasting blood sugars controlled for age, drinking, and BMI. 6. After categorizing the subjects into 2 separate age groups at the 40 year mark, in the less than 40 year old age group, controlled for drinking and BMI, the results of comparitive studies have shown correlations between total cholesterol serum levels and waist-hip ratio, conicity-index, and SD. There were correlations between fasting blood sugar levels and SD, ADI, and SDH. There were no correlations between obesity indices and both total cholesterol serum levels and fasting blood sugar levels in the greater than 40 year old age group. There were significant correlations between abdominal obesity indices and total serum cholesterol or fasting blood sugar levels in the less than 40 year old age group, but no correlations in the age group over 40. These correlated factors between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease are assumed to exist in Korea as well. Furthermore, in this study a high correlation was found between SD, SDH and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Even when controlled for age, drinking, smoking, and BMI, the correlations between risk factors of cardiovascular disease and these indices exist. Therefore, the obesity indices, SD and SDH may prove to be important prognostic indicators or risk factors of cardiovascular disease
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SummaryTOP
- The Estimation of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Adult Population.
- Sue Kyung Park, Joung Soon Kim
- Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):483-494.
- 2,810 View
- 21 Download
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Abstract
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- The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross-sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study; the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8-hour. When subjects had FBS >or= 140mg/dl, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standardized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was 99.8 +/- 22.6, and in women was 111.5 +/- 29.9. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalencies in creased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist-to-hip circumference ratio; the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.
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Summary
- The Relationship between Change in Obesity Indices and Change in Serum Lipids in Adult Male Workers.
- Young Ae Ha, Byung Yeol Chun, Sin Kam, Sung Kook Lee, Min Hae Yeh
- Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):439-450.
- 2,363 View
- 20 Download
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Abstract
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- This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between change in obesity indices and change in serum lipids in adult male workers. Two-hundred-eight adult male workers of an industry in Taegu city were followed-up from 1991 to 1995. Height, weight, circumferences of hip and waist, blood pressure were measured and serum lipids were analysed. Data on life style were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Mean differences of anthropometric measurements between 1991 and 1995 were as follows; 1.63kg in weight, 3.61cm in waist circumferences, 4.23cm in hip circumferences, 0.52kg/m2 in BMI and -0.021 in WHR. Those of lipids were as follows; 15.09mg/dl in total cholesterol, 20.43mg/dl in triglyceride, 9.40mg/dl in HDL-cholesterol, 2.87 in MI-index(p<0.01) and 350mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol. The changed value of BMI and Katsura index were strongly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.174, p<0.05), the changed value of BMI correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.374, p<0.01) and the changed value of weight correlated with that of MI index(r=-0.173, p<0.05). The changed value of WHR was significantly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.162, p<0.05), however, was not significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and MI index. The changed value of weight, BMI and Katsura index were correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.262, p<0.01; r=0.267, p<0.01; r=0.258, p<0.01) and the changed value of MI index(r=-0.143, p<0.05; r=-0.158; r=-0.144, p<0.01), adjusting the pattern of change in life style. The changed values of HDL-cholesterol and MI index between 1991 and 1995 in low WHR group were significantly higher than those in high WHR group(p<0.05, p<0.01), adjusting the baseline value of them. Similar pattern was observed when considering Katsura index. When stratifying by BMI value of 1991, in low BMI group, the changed value of HDL-cholesterol and MI index showed the same pattern as above, however the of triglyceride was statistically higher in obese group than in non obese group(p<0.05). In conclusion BMI might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids change than other obesity indices.
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Summary
- A Study on the Body Fatness and Lifestyles of Some Medical Students.
- Dong Kee Ahn, Joong Myung Choi, Tai Young Yoon, Dong Joon Lew, Soon Young Park
- Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(1):85-102.
- 2,524 View
- 19 Download
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Abstract
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- This study was carried out to evaluate the associations between lifestyles and Body Mass Index in a group of 349 male and 65 female medical students, ages 17 to 31 years. 20.0% of male students and 3.1% of female student showed the over weight in the classification of obesity by Japan Society for Study of Obesity. There was no statistically significance in the comparison of the height body weight, body mass index, obesity index and body fat(%) according to grade in both sexes. But male students showed increasing tendency of waist-hip ratio with grade. According to obesity category, there was significant difference in the comparison of body weight, body mass index , obesity index, waist-hip ratio and body fat(%), but height. Body mass index was positively related with waist-hip ratio(r=0.6150, p=0.0001) and fat(%)(r=0.5101, p=0.0001) in males and waist-hip ratio (r=0.4734, p=0.001) and fat(%)(r=0.4522, p=0.002)in females. This study provides an opportunity to further examine the relationship of sociodemographic factors and health behaviors to obesity, and suggest the basic concept to match the obesity study to general eqidemiological cohort studies for controlling of chronic adult diseases.
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