Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Evaluation of the Public Health Emergency Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daegu, Korea During the First Half of 2020: Hwajin Lee, Keon-Yeop Kim, Jong-Yeon Kim, Sin Kam, Kyeong Soo Lee, Jung Jeung Lee, Nam Soo Hong, Tae-Yoon Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):360-370. Published online June 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.068

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Objectives
This study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model.
Methods
After an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu’s responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model.
Results
In phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation–based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing.
Conclusions
This study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 공중보건 위기대응 모형을 적용하여 코로나19 1차 유행에 대한 대구시의 대응을 평가하였습니다. 모형의 세부적 요소인 15개 역량에 따른 평가 결과, 대구의 대응에서 개선 또는 유지해야 할 영역들이 확인되었습니다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 한국형 공중보건 위기대응 모형을 체계적으로 구축해야 할 것입니다.

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Factors influencing psychological concerns about COVID-19 in South Korea: direct and indirect damage during the early stages of pandemic
Min-sung Kim, Sung-il Cho
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Estimation of the Effectiveness of a Tighter, Reinforced Quarantine for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Analysis of the Third Wave in South Korea
Marn Joon Park, Ji Ho Choi, Jae Hoon Cho
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(3): 402. CrossRef

A Survival Analysis of Gastric or Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Surgery: Comparison of Capital and a Non-capital City: Nam-Soo Hong, Kyeong Soo Lee, Sin Kam, Gyu Seog Choi, Oh Kyoung Kwon, Dong Hee Ryu, Sang Won Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(5):283-293. Published online July 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.043

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to compare prognosis of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer according to places where they received surgeries. Methods: The cancer patients underwent surgeries in sampled hospitals located in Daegu were matched 1:1 to the patients who visited sampled hospitals in Seoul using propensity score method. After the occurrences of death were examined, Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was performed to compare the survival curves. Results: A total of six out of 291 gastric cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu died (2.1%) and ten deaths (3.4%) occurred from patients went Seoul hospitals. Out of 84 gastric cancer patients who had chemotherapy after surgeries in Daegu, 13 (15.5%) patients died while 18 (21.4%) deaths occurred among patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Six deaths (6.9%) out of 87 colorectal cancer patients who had surgeries in Daegu were reported. Five patients (5.7%) died among the patients underwent surgeries in Seoul. Among the colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy after surgeries, 13 patients (12.4%) who visited hospitals in Daegu and 14 (13.3%) patients who used medical centers in Seoul died. There were no significant differences according to places where patients used medical services. Conclusions: The result of this study is expected to be used as basic data for policy making to resolve centralization problem of cancer patients and to help patients to make rational choices in selection of medical centers.

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Domestic medical travel from non-Seoul regions to Seoul for initial breast cancer treatment: a nationwide cohort study
Jae Ho Jeong, Jinhong Jung, Hee Jeong Kim, Jong Won Lee, Beom-Seok Ko, Byung Ho Son, Kyung Hae Jung, Il Yong Chung
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 104(2): 71. CrossRef
MCR1 and KPC2 Co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia: First Case in Korea
Ji Young Park, Sang Taek Heo, Ki Tae Kwon, Do Young Song, Kwang Jun Lee, Ji Ae Choi
Infection & Chemotherapy.2019; 51(4): 399. CrossRef
The Effect of Residential Area and Hospital Bed Size on the Use of Hospital in Other Regions for Cancer Inpatients
Sung-Soo Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(1): 18. CrossRef

Enrollment in Private Medical Insurance and Utilization of Medical Services Among Children and Adolescents: Data From the 2009-2012 Korea Health Panel Surveys: Dong Hee Ryu, Sin Kam, Young-Taek Doo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(2):118-128. Published online March 24, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.003

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purposes of this study were to examine the status of children and adolescents with regard to enrollment in private medical insurance (PMI) and to investigate its influence on their utilization of medical services.
Methods
The present study assessed 2973 subjects younger than 19 years of age who participated in five consecutive Korea Health Panel surveys from 2009 to 2012.
Results
At the initial assessment, less than 20% of the study population had not enrolled in any PMI program, but this proportion decreased over time. Additionally, the number of subjects with more than two policies increased, the proportions of holders of indemnity-type only (‘I’-only) and of fixed amount+indemnity-type (‘F+I’) increased, whereas the proportion of holders with fixed amount-type only (‘F’-only) decreased. Compared with subjects without private insurance, PMI policyholders were more likely to use outpatient and emergency services, and the number of policies was proportionately related to inpatient service utilization. Regarding out-patient care, subjects with ‘F’-only PMI used these services more often than did uninsured subjects (odds ratio [OR], 1.69), whereas subjects with ‘I’-only PMI or ‘F+I’ PMI utilized a broad range of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency services relative to uninsured subjects (ORs for ‘I’-only: 1.39, 1.63, and 1.38, respectively; ORs for ‘F+I’: 1.67, 2.09, and 1.37, respectively).
Conclusions
The findings suggest public policy approaches to standardizing PMI contracts, reform in calculation of premiums in PMI, re-examination regarding indemnity insurance products, and mutual control mechanisms to mediate between national health insurance services and private insurers are required.

Summary

Citations

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Pediatric Health Access and Private Medical Insurance: Based on the Ecology of Medical Care in Korea
Dong-Hee Ryu, Yong-jun Choi, Jeehye Lee
Children.2022; 9(8): 1101. CrossRef
Community-Based Health Insurance Increased Health Care Utilization and Reduced Mortality in Children Under-5, Around Bwindi Community Hospital, Uganda Between 2015 and 2017
Nahabwe Haven, Andrew E. Dobson, Kuule Yusuf, Scott Kellermann, Birungi Mutahunga, Alex G. Stewart, Ewan Wilkinson
Frontiers in Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Incidence of and Factors for Self-reported Fragility Fractures Among Middle-aged and Elderly Women in Rural Korea: An 11-Year Follow-up Study: Soon-Ki Ahn, Sin Kam, Byung-Yeol Chun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(6):289-297. Published online October 2, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.020

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This community-based cohort study was performed to investigate the incidence of and factors related to self-reported fragility fractures among middle-aged and elderly women living in rural Korea.
Methods
The osteoporosis cohort recruited 430 women 40 to 69 years old in 1999, and 396 of these women were followed over 11 years. In 1999, questionnaires from all participants assessed general characteristics, medical history, lifestyle, menstrual and reproductive characteristics, and bone mineral density. In 2010, self-reported fractures and the date, site, and cause of these fractures were recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).
Results
Seventy-six participants among 3949.7 person-years experienced fragility fractures during the 11-year follow-up. The incidence of fragility fractures was 1924.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1491.6 to 2356.8). In the multivariate model, low body mass index (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.13 to 6.24), a parental history of osteoporosis (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.49), and postmenopausal status (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.05 to 11.67) were significantly related to fragility fracture.
Conclusions
Fracture prevention programs are needed among postmenopausal, rural, Korean women with a low body mass index and parental history of osteoporosis Korea.

Summary

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Comparison of intraoperative radiation exposure with and without use of distal targeting device: a randomized control study
Jun-Il Yoo, Hojin Jeong, Jaeboem Na, Sang-Youn Song, Jung-Taek Kim, Yong-Han Cha, Chan Ho Park
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2019; 139(11): 1579. CrossRef

Factors Related to Increasing Trends in Cigarette Smoking of Adolescent Males in Rural Areas of Korea: Nam Soo Hong, Sin Kam, Keon Yeop Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(3):139-146. Published online May 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.139

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescent males in rural areas of Korea has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the factors related to increasing trends in cigarette smoking among adolescent males living in rural areas.

Methods

The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the factors affecting cigarette smoking. We evaluated the linear time trends in the prevalence of factors that were related to current smoking status and the linear time trends in cigarette smoking in groups stratified by the exposure to each factor using logistic regression models. Finally, we examined the contributions of the factors to the time trends in cigarette smoking by adjusting for each of those factors in the baseline regression models and changes in the adjusted odds ratio by survey year.

Results

A statistically significant increasing trend in smoking was observed after adjusting for the factors affecting cigarette smoking. Significant factors related to cigarette use were perceived stress, experience with depression, current alcohol drinking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and academic performance. The factor related to increasing trends in cigarette smoking was academic performance.

Conclusions

Stress about academic performance is an important factor affecting the increase in cigarette smoking among adolescent males in a rural area of Korea.

Summary

Citations

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Association of health-risk behaviors with perceived academic performance among middle and high school students: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Chunyan Luo, Xuelai Wang, Yanting Yang, Qiong Yan, Lijing Sun, Dongling Yang, Hadi Ghasemi
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(5): e0285261. CrossRef
Türkiye'de Bir Çocuk Hastanesinde Motivasyonel Görüşme Kullanarak Ergenlerde Sigara Bırakma Müdahalesi: Bir Pilot Çalışma
Demet TAŞ, Alkım ÖDEN
Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease.2020; : 1. CrossRef
Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents
So Young Kim, Songyong Sim, Hyo Geun Choi
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Family and Friend Smoking Status and Adolescent Smoking Behavior and E-Cigarette Use in Korea
Myoung Joung, Mi Han, Jong Park, So Ryu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2016; 13(12): 1183. CrossRef
A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: Smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation
Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Jonathan Kodet
Addictive Behaviors.2015; 47: 22. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Current Smoking Among American and South Korean Adolescents, 2005–2011
Sung Suk Chung, Kyoung Hwa Joung
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Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in university students in the city of Leon, Mexico
Maciste H. Macías-Cervantes, Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez, Antonio E. Rivera-Cisneros, Andrés Martínez-Rivera, Joel Ramírez-Emiliano, Carlos Kornhauser
Health.2013; 05(11): 1861. CrossRef

A Cross-Sectional Study on gamma-GTP and its Related Factors in Male Workers.: Keon Yeop Kim, Sin Kam, Jong Hyun Lee, Young Ae Ha, Kyung Eun Lee; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(2):169-174.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
To investigate gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GTP) and its related factors in male industrial workers. METHOD: Five hundred and forty male workers without heart disease, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, hepatitis, and other liver diseases were surveyed in October 1998. Blood samples were collected to test for gamma-GTP, total-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose. A self-administered questionnaire survey on life style was also done. RESULTS: The total geometric mean value of gamma-GTP was 30.6 U/L. According to a univariate analysis: age, BMI(body mass index, kg/m2), alcohol consumption, current smoking, stress, diastolic blood pressure, and blood total cholesterol were significantly associated with gamma-GTP(p<0.05). From a multiple regression analysis: BMI, alcohol consumption, current smoking, diastolic blood pressure and total-cholesterol were significantly related to gamma-GTP(p<0.05). Coffee consumption was negatively related to gamma-GTP, but not significantly. CONCLUSION: We recommend that a change in health behavior (i.e. reducing alcohol intake, controlling BMI and not smoking) is necessary to decrease gamma-GTP in male workers.; Summary

English Abstract

The Factors Associated with Changes in the Stage of Breast Cancer Screening Behavior among the Woman who are Eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program.: Hyo Kyung Son, Sin Kam, Ki Soo Park, Jang Rak Kim, Rock Bum Kim, Sun Kyun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):109-116.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.109

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to evaluate the relationships between psychosocial characteristics and changes in the stage of breast cancer screening behavior. METHODS: The 474 study subjects were randomly sampled from 21,459 women (age range, 40-70 years) who were eligible for the Korean National Cancer Screening Program in 2006 in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. The information, including behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy, was collected by trained interviewers via home visits. The breast cancer screening stages were grouped as precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance and relapse, according to Rakowski. RESULTS: Of the 474 women, 18.8% were in the precontemplation stage, 23.3% were in the contemplation stage, 13.1% were in the action stage, 36.6% were in the maintenance stage, and 8.2% were in the relapse stage. The distribution of stages was associated with attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy (p for trend<0.01). To investigate the overall relationship between the variables, we conducted a linear structural equation model analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. The subjective norms and self-efficacy influenced the stage of the women's screening behavior. CONCLUSIONS: We should target on self-efficacy about the screening behavior of women by performing timely, thoughtful interventions. The support from family members, friends and other people is crucial for women to undergo breast cancer screening and to improve the breast cancer screening rate.

Summary

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Factor structure and internal reliability of cultural belief scales about colorectal cancer screening among Koreans in the Republic of Korea
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BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Evaluation Studies

The Factors Implicated When an Individual Starts to Smoke Again After a 6 Month Cessation.: Hyo Kyung Son, Un Young Jung, Ki Soo Park, Sin Kam, Sun Kyun Park, Won Kee Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(1):42-48.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.1.42

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OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to examine the factors implicated when people start smoking again after a 6 month cessation, and was carried out at the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center. METHODS: The study subjects were 191 males who had attended the smoking cessation clinic of a public health center for 6 months in an attempt to quit smoking. Data was collected, by phone interview, regarding individual smoking habits, if any, over the 6 month study period. The factors which may have caused an individual to smoke again were examined. This study employed a health belief model as it theoretical basis. RESULTS: Following a 6 month cessation, 24.1% of the study group began to smoke again during the 6 month test period. In a simple analysis, the factors related to individuals relapsing and smoking again included barriers of stress reduction, body weight gain and induction of smoking by surroundings among perceived barriers factor of our health belief model (p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis for relapsed smoking, significant factors included barriers of stress reduction and induction of smoking by surroundings (p<0.05). The most important reason of for an individual to relapse into smoking was stress (60.9%) and the most likely place for a relapse to occur was a drinking establishment (39.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that both regular consultations and a follow-up management program are important considerations in a public health center program geared towards maintaining smoking cessation.

Summary

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Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(1): 107. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(3): 13. CrossRef
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Sol Yu, Wonho Yang, Kiyoung Lee, Sungcheon Kim, Kwonchul Ha, Sungroul Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2015; 12(11): 14034. CrossRef
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Hyeon-Soon Choi, Hae-Sook Sohn, Yun-Hee Kim, Myeong-Jin Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(10): 4653. CrossRef
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Original Article

Nutritional Status and the Characteristics Related to Malnutrition in Children Under Five Years of Age in Nghean, Vietnam.: Nguyen Ngoc Hien, Sin Kam; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(4):232-240.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.4.232

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and characteristics related to malnutrition in children less than five years of age in Nghean, Vietnam. METHODS: In this study, which was conducted in November 2007, 650 child-mother pairs were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. A structured questionnaire was then administered to the mothers in their home settings. Anthropometric measurement was then used to determine if children were underweight (weight-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height) and stunting (height-for-age) based on reference data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/World Health Organization (WHO). Logistic regression analysis was then used to describe the hierarchical relationships between potential risk factors and malnutrition. RESULTS: The mean Z-scores for weight-for-age, heightfor-age and weight-for-height were -1.46 (95% CI=-1.57, -1.35), -1.44 (95% CI=-1.56, -1.32) and -0.71 (95% CI=-0.82, -0.60), respectively. Of the children included in this study, 193 (31.8%) were underweight, 269 (44.3%) were stunting and 72 (11.9%) were wasting. Region of residence, the mother's level of education and occupation, household size, number of children in the family, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding were found to be significantly related to malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that malnutrition is still an important problem among children less than five years of age in Nghean, Vietnam. In addition, maternal, socio-economic and environment factors were found to be significant factors for malnutrition among children under five.

Summary

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English Abstract

The Levels of Psychosocial Stress, Job Stress and Related Factors of Medical Doctors Practicing at Local Clinics.: Moon Kuk Kang, Yune Sik Kang, Jang Rak Kim, Baek Geun Jeong, Ki Soo Park, Sin Kam, Dae Yong Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):177-184.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.177

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the levels of psychosocial stress, job stress and their related factors among medical doctors practicing at local clinics. METHODS: A survey using a self administered questionnaire was administered to 1,456 doctors practicing at private clinics via post for 2 months (2006. 1 - 2006. 3). Psychosocial stress, job stress,demographic factors, job related factors and health related behaviors were investigated. Among the eligible study population, the respondents were 428 doctors (29.4%). RESULTS: The average scores of psychosocial stress and job stress were 2.19 and 3.13, respectively. The levels of psychosocial stress and job stress were statistically lower in older respondents, those who worked shorter or who were more satisfied with their job, and those with higher socioeconomic status. The level of psychosocial stress was related with smoking status, drinking status and exercise. The level of job stress was related with smoking status and exercise. In multiple linear regression analysis using psychosocial stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day, job satisfaction and perception on socioeconomic status were significant independent variables. In analysis using job stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day and job satisfaction were significant independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: Stress affects the doctor-patient relationship, productivity and overall health level of people. Therefore, it is important to manage and relieve the stress of doctors. It is suggested that more advanced studies on stress level and related factors and ways to improve the stress and health related behaviors of medical doctors should be conducted.

Summary

Citations

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Original Articles

Professional Job Perception, Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Westerm Doctors and Oriental Doctors Practicing at Local Clinic.: Jong Yeon Kim, Sin Kam, Yune Sik Kang, Yong Kee Cho, Sang Won Lee, Dae Gu Jin, Soon Gi Ahn, Byung Yeol Chun, Min Hae Yeh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(1):44-50.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted in order to investigate the professionalism, job stress and job satisfaction in western and oriental doctors in Korea. METHODS: The authors conducted a survey using a selfadministered questionnaire, conducted between August and September, 2001. The study subjects were 457 western doctors and 161 oriental doctors practicing at local clinics in Daegu City. RESULTS: For the professionalism scale, the score for 'belief in service to the public' of western doctors was significantly higher than that of oriental doctors (p< 0.05) whereas the scores for 'sense of calling to the field' and 'feeling of autonomy' were higher in oriental doctors (p< 0.01). For the job stress scale, the scores for 'work factor', and 'clinical responsibility/decision factor' of western doctors were significantly higher than those of oriental doctors (p< 0.01). Of the western doctors, 59.7% expressed satisfaction with their job as a doctor, 69.5% responded that the role of a doctor was appropriate to their aptitude, and 61.8% answered that they wouldn't consider other kinds of job even if offered. In case of oriental doctors, these responses were83.1%, 82.5%, and 82.3%, espectively. CONCLUSION: The job stress scores of western doctors were higher than those of oriental doctors, but the job satisfaction was lower. The reasons for the above results are not clear. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of job stress and job satisfaction in doctors.; Summary

Professional Job Perception, Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Doctors Practicing in Local Clinic in Daegu City.: Dae Gu Jin, Sin Kam, Yune Sik Kang, Yong Kee Cho, Sang Won Lee, Jong Yeon Kim, Soon Gi Ahn, Byung Yeol Chun, Min Hae Yeh; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(2):153-162.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted in order to investigate professional job perception, job stress and job satisfaction in doctors. METHOD: The authors conducted a survey using a self-administered questionnaire, conducted between August and September, 2001. The study subjects were 457 doctors practicing at local clinics in Daegu City. RESULTS: For the professionalism scale, the score for 'sense of calling to field' and 'feeling of autonomy' were relatively high. Age, working hours per day, and perception of socioeconomic status significantly influenced the professionalism scale scores (p< 0.01). For the job stress scale, the scores for 'clinical responsibility/ decision' factor were the highest of all the surveyed factors. Working hours per day significantly influenced the job stress scores (p< 0.01). To investigate the overall relationship between the variables, the authors conducted a linear structural equation model analysis. The equation was statistically appropriate and a good fit. The job stress, and the professionalism factors, respectively influenced job satisfaction negatively and positively (T> 2.0). The working hours per day and status perception also influenced their job satisfaction (T> 2.0). CONCLUSION: To promote the job satisfaction of doctors, the development of coping tools and other intervention methods are needed to increase doctor's professional job perception and reduce their job stress. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of job satisfaction and for its promotion with doctors.; Summary

Annual Visit Days, Prescription Days and Medical Expenses of Hypertensive Patients.: Bu Dol Lim, Byung Yeol Chun, Sin Kam, Jeong Soo Im, Soon Woo Park, Jung Han Park; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(4):340-350.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the annual visit days, the annual prescription days and the medical costs of hypertensive patients. METHODS: The medical insurance records of 40,267 incident patients with the diagnostic code of hypertension from September 1998 through August 1999 in Daegu city were reviewed. RESUJLTS: The proportion of the most proper medical care pattern group (Group VIII) who visited for 6-15 days with 240 prescription days or more a year was only 6.2%. The proper care group (Group IX) who visited for more than 16 days with 240 prescription days or more a year was 9.3%. The overall proper care group (Group VIII+IX) was therefore 15.5%. The proportion of the insufficient care group (Group I,IV) in both the number of visiting days and prescription days was 57.4%. The mean prescription day of the most proper group (Group VIII) was 29 days; the mean annual medical expenses, 453,587won; the mean annual amount paid by patients, 218,013won; and mean medical expenses per prescription day, 1,483won. The proportion of the overall proper care group (Group VIII+IX) was significantly higher in adults aged 50-59, those who were enrolled in industrial workers health insurance as well as government employees and private school teachers health insurance, and those who made a higher contribution per month (p<0.01). According to the type of medical facilities, the proportion of the most proper medical care pattern group was highest in the general hospitals (9.3%) but the overall proper care group was higher in the public health centers (22.1%) and private clinics (17.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The management system of hypertension should be reinforced urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop guidelines including the number of visiting days per year and prescription days per visit day, and make the system provide medical facilities to more properly care for hypertensive patients.; Summary

The Efficient Methods of Population-based Cancer Registration in Daegu City.: Dae Gu Jin, Sin Kam, Byung Yeol Chun, Soon Ki Ahn, Jong Yeon Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(4):322-330.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to automatically improve the completeness and validity of the Daegu Cancer Registry, using cross record linkage of many data sources, and to develop a computerized patient enrollment system for efficient communication among cancer researchers via the internet. METHOD: We analyzed 10,229 cancer patients who were reported in the National Cancer Registry, and from pathological reports, health insurance cancer claims lists, cancer patient records at hospital information centers and death certificates from the Korea National Statistical Office. RESULT: We confirmed 4,624 cancer patients and found 897 of new cases from a review of medical chart. The new cases were detected efficiently using cross record linkage. We developed a computerized patient enrollment system, based on a client-server model, for the input of cancer patients, and then developed a web-based reporting homepage and patient enrollment system for the internet. CONCLUSION: This system could manage cancer databases systematically, and could be given to other researchers as a basic database.; Summary

Serum Total Cholesterol Levels and Related Factors in a Rural Adult Population.: Soon Ki Ahn, Byung Yeol Chun, Sin Kam, Dae Gu Jin, Jong Yeon Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(3):255-262.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To investigate the total cholesterol levels and related factors in a rural adult population. METHODS: 3,207 adults( 1,272 men and 1,935 women) were examined in 1997. Their heights, weights, and fasting serum total cholesterol levels were measured, and their body mass indices were calculated. A questionnaire interviewing method was used to collect risk factor data. RESULTS: The mean value of total cholesterol were 190.5 mg/dl, and 198.8 mg/dl, and the age-adjusted prevalence rates for hypercholesterolemia (above 240 mg/dl) were 13.7% and 10.2%, in men and women, respectively. From simple analyses, age, educational level, coffee intake, amount of meat and food intake, waist circumference, waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR), and body mass index(BMI) were significant risk factors in men (p<0.05) relating to serum total cholesterol levels. In women, age, educational level, hypertension history, diabetes history, herbal drug history, amount of food intake, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, WHR, BMI, and menopausal status were significant risk factors (p<0.05). In multiple linear regression analyses, waist circumference (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and coffee intake (p<0.05) proved to be significant risk factors in men. Whereas, menopausal status (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), herbal drug history (p<0.01), amount of food intake (p<0.05), waist circumference (p<0.05), and alcohol consumption (p<0.05) were significant risk factors in women. Conclusions : The significant risk factors, for both men and women, relating to the serum total cholesterol were waist circumference and BMI. Thus, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that health education for the control of obesity should be implemented.; Summary

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